Description
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| Rhynchocystinae | |
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| Subfamily: | Rhynchocystinae |
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The Rhynchocystinae are a subfamily of parasites in the phylum Apicomplexa.
There are three genera in this subfamily: Dirhynchocystis, Grayallia and Rhynchocystis.
This subfamily was created by Bhatia and Stena in 1939. [1]
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The Apicomplexa are a large phylum of parasitic alveolates. Most of them possess a unique form of organelle that comprises a type of plastid called an apicoplast, and an apical complex structure. The organelle is an adaptation that the apicomplexan applies in penetration of a host cell.
The gregarines are a group of Apicomplexan alveolates, classified as the Gregarinasina or Gregarinia. The large parasites inhabit the intestines of many invertebrates. They are not found in any vertebrates. However, gregarines are closely related to both Toxoplasma and Plasmodium, which cause toxoplasmosis and malaria, respectively. Both protists use protein complexes similar to those that are formed by the gregarines for gliding motility and invading target cells. This makes them excellent models for studying gliding motility with the goal of developing treatment options for toxoplasmosis and malaria. Thousands of different species of gregarines are expected to be found in insects, and 99% of these gregarines still need to be described. Each insect can be the host of multiple species. One of the most studied gregarines is Gregarina garnhami. In general, gregarines are regarded as very successful parasites, as their hosts are spread over the entire planet.
Monoxenous development, or monoxeny, characterizes a parasite whose development is restricted to a single host species.
Conoidasida is a class of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa. The class was defined in 1988 by Levine and contains two subclasses – the coccidia and the gregarines. All members of this class have a complete, hollow, truncated conoid. Gregarines tend to parasitize invertebrates with the mature gamonts being extracellular, the coccidia mostly infect vertebrates and have intracellular gamonts.
The Neogregarinorida are an order of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa. Species in this order infect insects and are usually found in the fat body, hemolymph, hypodermis, intestine or Malpighian tubules. The most common site of infection is the fat body: many species are pathogenic for their hosts.
The Eugregarinorida are the most large and diverse order of gregarines — parasitic protists belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa. Eugregarines are found in marine, freshwater and terrestrial habitats. These species possess large trophozoites that are significantly different in morphology and behavior from the sporozoites. This taxon contains most of the known gregarine species.
The Platyproteum are a genus of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa. Species in this genus infect marine invertebrates.
Filipodium is a genus of parasites in the phylum Apicomplexa. Species in this genus infect marine invertebrates.
Siedleckia are a genus of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa. Species in this genus infect marine invertebrates.
The Aikinetocystidae are a family of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa. The species in this family infect oligochetes.
Allantocystis is a genus in the family Allantocystidae. Its only species is Allantocystis dasyhelei, a gregarine parasite of the larval biting midge Dasyhelea obscura.
The Enterocystidae are a family of parasites in the phylum Apicomplexa.
The Ganymedidae are a family of parasites in the phylum Apicomplexa.
The Selenidiidae are a family of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa.
Fusionidae is a family of the superfamily Fusionicae in the phylum Apicomplexa
Stylocephaloidea is a superfamily of parasites of the phylum Apicomplexia.
The Monocystinae are a subfamily of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa.
The Zygocystinae are a subfamily of parasites in the phylum Apicomplexa.
The Stomatophorinae are a subfamily of parasites in the phylum Apicomplexa.
Cephaloidophoridae is a family of parasitic alveolates of the phylum Apicomplexia
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