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Sea cucumbers are echinoderms from the class Holothuroidea. They are marine animals with a leathery skin and an elongated body containing a single, branched gonad. Sea cucumbers are found on the sea floor worldwide. The number of holothurian species worldwide is about 1,717 with the greatest number being in the Asia Pacific region. Many of these are gathered for human consumption and some species are cultivated in aquaculture systems. The harvested product is variously referred to as trepang, namako, bêche-de-mer or balate. Sea cucumbers serve a useful role in the marine ecosystem as they help recycle nutrients, breaking down detritus and other organic matter after which bacteria can continue the degradation process.
Tymoviridae is a family of single-stranded positive sense RNA viruses in the order Tymovirales. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are currently 41 species in this family, divided among three genera, with two species unassigned to a genus.
The Malpighian tubule system is a type of excretory and osmoregulatory system found in some insects, myriapods, arachnids and tardigrades.
Cypovirus, short for cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus, is a genus of double-stranded RNA viruses in the family Reoviridae and subfamily Spinareovirinae. Cypoviruses have only been isolated from insects. Diseases associated with this genus include: larvae chronic disease. There are currently 16 species in this genus including the type species Cypovirus 1.
Evisceration is a method of autotomy involving the ejection of internal organs used by animals as a defensive strategy. Sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea) eject parts of the gut in order to scare and defend against potential predators such as crabs and fish. The organs are regenerated in a few days by cells in the interior of the sea cucumber.
Cucumovirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Bromoviridae. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are currently four species in this genus including the type species Cucumber mosaic virus.
Karyolysus is a genus of coccidia. With the exception of K. sonomae whose vertebrate host is the yellow-legged frog, species in this genus only infect lizards of the genus Lacerta.
Holothuriidae is a family of sea cucumbers, a type of echinoderm.
Macrochelidae is a family of mites in the order Mesostigmata, containing the following genera and species:
Holostaspella is a genus of mites in the family Macrochelidae. There are about 12 described species in Holostaspella.
Virgaviridae is a family of positive-strand RNA viruses. Plants serve as natural hosts. The name of the family is derived from the Latin word virga (rod), as all viruses in this family are rod-shaped. There are currently 59 species in this family, divided among seven genera.
Legerella is a genus of parasitic alveolates of the phylum Apicomplexa. Species in this genus that usually infect the malpighian tubules of invertebrates.
Hyaloklossia is a genus of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa. Only one species in this genus is currently recognised - Hyaloklossia lieberkuehni.
The Neogregarinorida are an order of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa. Species in this order infect insects and are usually found in the fat body, hemolymph, hypodermis, intestine or Malpighian tubules. The most common site of infection is the fat body: many species are pathogenic for their hosts.
Mattesia is a genus of parasitic alveolates of the phylum Apicomplexa. Species in this genus infect insects.
The Diplocystidae are a family of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa.
Machadoella is a genus of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa.
Gigaductus is a genus of parasites in the phylum Apicomplexa.
Menzbieria is a genus of parasitic alveolates of the phylum Apicomplexa.
Thyonicola americana is a species of parasitic sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Eulimidae. It infests the sea cucumbers Eupentacta quinquesemita and Eupentacta pseudoquinquesemita in Puget Sound and other parts of the northeastern Pacific Ocean.
References
- ↑ Filipponi A (1948) Gigaductus macrospora n. sp. revisione del genere Gigaductus. Insitutzione della nuova famiglia Gigaductidae (Gregarinida). Archivio Zoologico Italiano 33:293–331
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