Piroplasmida

Piroplasmida
Babesia sp.
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Clade:	Sar
Clade:	Alveolata
Phylum:	Apicomplexa
Class:	Aconoidasida
Order:	Piroplasmida
Families and genera
incertae sedis Anthemosoma Babesia microti Babesiidae Babesia Echinozoon Entopolypoides Dactylosomatidae Dactylosoma [1] Haemohormidium Theileriidae Haematoxenus Sauroplasma Theileria

Piroplasmida phylogeny (mtDNA) [2]

Piroplasmida Babesia s.s. Theileriidae Theileria s.s. Cytauxzoon Theileria equi Babesia conradae Babesia microti

Piroplasmida is an order of parasites in the phylum Apicomplexa. ^{[3] [4]} They divide by binary fission and as sporozoan parasites they possess sexual and asexual phases (sexual reproduction occurs in the tick gut ^[5] ). They include the tick parasites Babesia and Theileria . ^{[6] [7]}

Description

They are minute rounded or pyriform parasites found within erythrocytes, or other circulating or endothelial cells of vertebrates, where they reproduce by merogony. The trophozoite stage is separated from erythrocyte by a single membrane.^{[ citation needed ]} This distinguishes them from other blood parasites that usually have at least two membranes.^{[ citation needed ]}

An apical complex with a polar ring and rhopteries occurs, but without a conoid and usually without associated pellicular microtubules. They lack flagella and do not form either oocysts or spores.^{[ citation needed ]}

The known vectors are ticks or leeches in which they undergo sporogony; sexual reproduction probably occurs in the vector.

See also

• Babesiosis
• Equine piroplasmosis

References

1. Manwell RD (1964). "The Genus Dactylosoma". The Journal of Protozoology. 11 (4): 526–530. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1964.tb01792.x. PMID   14231179.
2. Schreeg, ME; Marr, HS; Tarigo, JL; Cohn, LA; Bird, DM; Scholl, EH; Levy, MG; Wiegmann, BM; Birkenheuer, AJ (2016). "Mitochondrial Genome Sequences and Structures Aid in the Resolution of Piroplasmida phylogeny". PLOS ONE. 11 (11) e0165702. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1165702S. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165702 . PMC   5104439 . PMID   27832128.
3. "Definition: piroplasmida from Online Medical Dictionary". ncl.ac.uk. Retrieved 1 January 2019.
4. "PIROPLASMIDA; Page 1 of the families of the order; Piroplasmida". British Towns and Villages. Retrieved 1 January 2019.
5. Rudzinska MA, Spielman A, Lewengrub S, Trager W, Piesman J (May 1983). "Sexuality in piroplasms as revealed by electron microscopy in Babesia microti". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80 (10): 2966–70. Bibcode:1983PNAS...80.2966R. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.10.2966 . PMC   393954 . PMID   6574467.
6. "Definition: Theileriidae from Online Medical Dictionary". ncl.ac.uk. Retrieved 1 January 2019.
7. "Theleriosis: The causal organism and life cycle". animaldiseases.org. Archived from the original on 18 November 2007. Retrieved 1 January 2019.