Schisandra

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Magnolia vine
Schisandra sinensis.jpg
Schisandra chinensis
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Order: Austrobaileyales
Family: Schisandraceae
Genus: Schisandra
Michx. [1]
Synonyms [2]
  • Schizandra, common misspelling
  • StellandriaBrickell
  • SphaerostemaBlume
  • MaximowicziaRupr.
Flowers of Schisandra rubriflora at Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK Schisandra rubriflora.jpg
Flowers of Schisandra rubriflora at Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK

Schisandra, the magnolia vines, is a genus of twining shrubs that generally climb on other vegetation. Various authors have included the plants in the Illiciaceae [3]

Contents

Schisandra (also spelled Schizandra) is native to Asia and North America, with a center of diversity in China. [2] [4] [5]

Some species are commonly grown in gardens as ornamentals. It is a hardy deciduous climber which thrives in almost any kind of soil; its preferred position is on a sheltered, shady wall. It may be propagated by cuttings of half-matured shoots in August.

Despite its common name "magnolia vine", Schisandra is not closely related to the true magnolias.

Uses

Its dried fruit is sometimes used medicinally. In Chinese, the berries of S. chinensis are given the name wǔwèizǐ ( 五味子 ; 'five flavor fruit') because they possess all five basic flavors in Chinese herbal medicine: salty, sweet, sour, pungent (spicy), and bitter. In traditional Chinese medicine it is used as a remedy for many ailments: to resist infections, increase skin health, combat insomnia, coughing, and thirst. [6]

Species

accepted species [2]
  1. Schisandra arisanensis - S China incl Taiwan
  2. Schisandra bicolor - Guangxi, Hunan, Yunnan, Zhejiang
  3. Schisandra chinensis - Russian Far East, NE China, Korea, Japan
  4. Schisandra elongata - Java
  5. Schisandra glabra - Hidalgo, United States (LA AR MS AL TN KY GA FL SC NC) [7]
  6. Schisandra glaucescens - Chongqing, Hubei
  7. Schisandra grandiflora - Tibet, Sikkim, Nepal, Bhutan, Assam, Uttarakhand
  8. Schisandra henryi - S China
  9. Schisandra incarnata - Hubei
  10. Schisandra lancifolia - Sichuan, Yunnan
  11. Schisandra longipes - Guangdong, Guangxi
  12. Schisandra macrocarpa - Yunnan
  13. Schisandra micrantha - Manipur, Yunnan, Myanmar
  14. Schisandra neglecta - Sikkim, Nepal, Bhutan, Assam, Myanmar, Yunnan
  15. Schisandra parapropinqua - Guizhou, Yunnan
  16. Schisandra perulata - Thailand, Vietnam
  17. Schisandra plena - Arunachal Pradesh, Yunnan
  18. Schisandra propinqua - China, Assam, Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand, Java, Bali
  19. Schisandra pubescens - Sichuan, Hubei
  20. Schisandra pubinervis - Hubei, Sichuan
  21. Schisandra repanda - Korea, Japan
  22. Schisandra rubriflora - Arunachal Pradesh, Yunnan, Myanmar, Sichuan
  23. Schisandra sphaerandra - Sichuan, Yunnan
  24. Schisandra sphenanthera - China
  25. Schisandra tomentella - Sichuan

Chemistry

The extract of S. rubriflora, a native of the Yunnan province, was found to contain complex and highly oxygenated nortriterpenoids called rubriflorins A-C. [8]

See also

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<i>Myrmechis</i> Genus of orchids

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  1. Myrmechis aurea(J.J.Sm.) Schuit. - Maluku
  2. Myrmechis bakhimensisD.Maity, N.Pradhan & Maiti - Sikkim
  3. Myrmechis bilobulifera(J.J.Sm.) Schuit. - Sulawesi
  4. Myrmechis chalmersii(Schltr.) Schuit. - New Guinea
  5. Myrmechis chinensisRolfe - Sichuan, Hubei, Fujian
  6. Myrmechis drymoglossifoliaHayata - Taiwan
  7. Myrmechis glabraBlume - Java
  8. Myrmechis gracilis(Blume) Blume - Java, Sumatra, Philippines
  9. Myrmechis japonica(Rchb.f.) Rolfe - Japan, Korea, Kuril Islands, Fujian, Sichuan, Tibet, Yunnan
  10. Myrmechis kinabaluensisCarr - Sabah
  11. Myrmechis perpusillaAmes - Luzon
  12. Myrmechis philippinensiisAmes - Philippines
  13. Myrmechis pumila(Hook.f.) Tang & F.T.Wang - Yunnan, Bhutan, Assam, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam
  14. Myrmechis quadrilobata(Schltr.) Schuit. - Sulawesi
  15. Myrmechis seranicaJ.J.Sm. - Seram
  16. Myrmechis tsukusianaMasam. - Yakushima
  17. Myrmechis urceolataTang & K.Y.Lang - Yunnan, Guangdong, Hainan
<i>Elsholtzia</i> Genus of plants

Elsholtzia is a plant genus in the Lamiaceae. It is widespread across much of temperate and tropical Asia from Siberia south to China, Northeastern India, Indonesia, etc. The genus was named in honour of the Prussian naturalist Johann Sigismund Elsholtz.

  1. Elsholtzia amurensisProb. - Amur region of Russia
  2. Elsholtzia angustifolia(Loes.) Kitag. - Korea, Manchuria
  3. Elsholtzia argyiH.Lév. - southern China, Vietnam
  4. Elsholtzia beddomeiC.B.Clarke ex Hook.f. - Myanmar, Thailand
  5. Elsholtzia blanda(Benth.) Benth. - southern China, Himalayas, Indochina, Sumatra, Viet Nam
  6. Elsholtzia bodinieriVaniot - Guizhou, Yunnan
  7. Elsholtzia byeonsanensisM.Kim - South Korea
  8. Elsholtzia capituligeraC.Y.Wu - Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan
  9. Elsholtzia cephalanthaHand.-Mazz. - Sichuan
  10. Elsholtzia ciliata(Thunb.) Hyl. - widespread across Siberia, Russian Far East, China, India, Himalayas, Japan, Korea, Indochina
  11. Elsholtzia communis(Collett & Hemsl.) Diels - Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam
  12. Elsholtzia concinnaVautier - Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan
  13. Elsholtzia cyprianii(Pavol.) C.Y.Wu & S.Chow - central + southern China
  14. Elsholtzia densaBenth. - India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Tibet, Xinjiang, China, Mongolia
  15. Elsholtzia eriocalyxC.Y.Wu & S.C.Huang - southern China
  16. Elsholtzia eriostachya(Benth.) Benth. - China, Tibet, Himalayas
  17. Elsholtzia feddeiH.Lév - China, Tibet
  18. Elsholtzia flavaBenth. - China, Himalayas
  19. Elsholtzia fruticosa(D.Don) Rehder - China, Himalayas, Tibet, Myanmar
  20. Elsholtzia glabraC.Y.Wu & S.C.Huang - China
  21. Elsholtzia griffithiiHook.f - Myanmar, Assam
  22. Elsholtzia hallasanensisY.N.Lee - Jeju-do Island in Korea
  23. Elsholtzia heterophyllaDiels - Yunnan, Myanmar
  24. Elsholtzia hunanensisHand.-Mazz. - southern China
  25. Elsholtzia kachinensisPrain - southern China, Myanmar, Thailand
  26. Elsholtzia litangensisC.X.Pu & W.Y.Chen - Sichuan
  27. Elsholtzia luteolaDiels - Sichuan, Yunnan
  28. Elsholtzia minimaNakai - Jeju-do Island in Korea
  29. Elsholtzia myosurusDunn - Sichuan, Yunnan
  30. Elsholtzia nipponicaOhwi - Japan
  31. Elsholtzia ochroleucaDunn - Sichuan, Yunnan
  32. Elsholtzia oldhamiiHemsl. - Taiwan
  33. Elsholtzia pendulifloraW.W.Sm - Yunnan, Thailand, Vietnam
  34. Elsholtzia pilosa(Benth.) Benth. - China, Himalayas, Myanmar, Vietnam
  35. Elsholtzia pubescensBenth. - Java, Bali, Lombok, Timor, Sulawesi
  36. Elsholtzia pygmaeaW.W.Sm. - Yunnan
  37. Elsholtzia rugulosaHemsl - southern China, Myanmar, Thailand
  38. Elsholtzia serotinaKom - northern China, Japan, Korea, Primorye
  39. Elsholtzia soulieiH.Lév. - Sichuan, Yunnan
  40. Elsholtzia splendensNakai ex F.Maek. - China, Korea
  41. Elsholtzia stachyodes(Link) Raizada & H.O.Saxena - Indian Subcontinent, China, Myanmar
  42. Elsholtzia stauntoniiBenth. - northern China
  43. Elsholtzia strobilifera(Benth.) Benth. - China, Himalayas, Myanmar
  44. Elsholtzia winitianaCraib - Yunnan, Guangxi, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam
<i>Isodon</i> Genus of flowering plants

Isodon (teacost) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae described in 1840. It is native to tropical and subtropical parts of the Old World, primarily Asia but two species are from Africa. Many of the species are endemic to China, where it is called xiangchacai or "fragrant tea".

<i>Schisandra rubriflora</i> Species of flowering plant

Schisandra rubriflora, the Chinese magnolia vine, is a species of flowering plant in the family Schisandraceae that is native to China, India and Myanmar. Growing to 8 m (26 ft) tall, it is a deciduous twining climber with leathery leaves. Waxy red, cup-shaped pendulous blooms in summer are followed by red berries.

References

  1. ↑ Michaux, André. 1803. Flora Boreali-Americana 2: 218–219, pl. 47.
  2. 1 2 3 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  3. ↑ Hutchinson, J. 1973. The Families of Flowering Plants, ed. 3. Oxford. Pp. 161-162. Smith, A. C. 1947. The families Illiciaceae and Schisandraceae. Sargentia 7: 1-224.
  4. ↑ Flora of North America vol 3
  5. ↑ Flora of China Vol. 7 Page 41 五味子属 wu wei zi shu Schisandra Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 218. 1803.
  6. ↑ Panossian A., Wikman G. Pharmacology of Schisandra chinensis Bail.: An overview of Russian research and uses in medicine . Journal of Ethnopharmacology. Vol 118/2 pp 183-212. doi : 10.1016/j.jep.2008.04.020
  7. ↑ Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution map, Schisandra glabra
  8. ↑ Xiao, W.-L. et al.. J. Nat. Prod.2007, Web release : May 10th.
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