Scientific research on the International Space Station

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Expedition 8 Commander and Science Officer Michael Foale conducts an inspection of the Microgravity Science Glovebox. ISS-08 Michael Foale conducts an inspection of the Microgravity Science Glovebox.jpg
Expedition 8 Commander and Science Officer Michael Foale conducts an inspection of the Microgravity Science Glovebox.
ESA astronaut Thomas Reiter, STS-116 mission specialist, works with the Passive Observatories for Experimental Microbial Systems in Micro-G (POEMS) payload in the Minus Eighty Degree Laboratory Freezer for ISS (MELFI) inside the Destiny laboratory. 382009main MELFI12.jpg
ESA astronaut Thomas Reiter, STS-116 mission specialist, works with the Passive Observatories for Experimental Microbial Systems in Micro-G (POEMS) payload in the Minus Eighty Degree Laboratory Freezer for ISS (MELFI) inside the Destiny laboratory.

The International Space Station is a platform for scientific research that requires one or more of the unusual conditions present in low Earth orbit (for example microgravity, (cosmic) -radiation and extreme temperatures). The primary fields of research include human research, space medicine, life sciences, physical sciences, astronomy and meteorology. [1] [2] The 2005 NASA Authorization Act designated the American segment of the International Space Station as a national laboratory with the goal of increasing the use of the ISS by other federal agencies and the private sector. [3]

Contents

Research on the ISS improves knowledge about the effects of long-term space exposure on the human body. Subjects currently under study include muscle atrophy, bone loss, and fluid shift. The data will be used to determine whether space colonization and lengthy human spaceflight are feasible. As of 2006, data on bone loss and muscular atrophy suggest that there would be a significant risk of fractures and movement problems if astronauts landed on a planet after a lengthy interplanetary cruise (such as the six-month journey time required to fly to Mars). [4] [5] Large scale medical studies are conducted aboard the ISS via the National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI). Prominent among these is the Advanced Diagnostic Ultrasound in Microgravity study in which astronauts (including former ISS Commanders Leroy Chiao and Gennady Padalka) perform ultrasound scans under the guidance of remote experts. The study considers the diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions in space. Usually, there is no physician on board the ISS, and diagnosis of medical conditions is a challenge. It is anticipated that remotely guided ultrasound scans will have application on Earth in emergency and rural care situations where access to a trained physician is difficult. [6] [7] [8]

Researchers are investigating the effect of the station's near-weightless environment on the evolution, development, growth and internal processes of plants and animals. In response to some of this data, NASA wants to investigate microgravity's effects on the growth of three-dimensional, human-like tissues, and the unusual protein crystals that can be formed in space. [9]

The investigation of the physics of fluids in microgravity will allow researchers to model the behaviour of fluids better. Because fluids can be almost completely combined in microgravity, physicists investigate fluids that do not mix well on Earth. In addition, an examination of reactions that are slowed by low gravity and temperatures will give scientists a deeper understanding of superconductivity. [9]

The study of materials science is an important ISS research activity, with the objective of reaping economic benefits through the improvement of techniques used on the ground. [10] Other areas of interest include the effect of the low gravity environment on combustion, through the study of the efficiency of burning and control of emissions and pollutants. These findings may improve our knowledge about energy production, and lead to economic and environmental benefits.

Remote sensing of the Earth, astronomy, and deep space research on the ISS have significantly increased during the 2010s after the completion of the US Orbital Segment in 2011. Throughout the more than 20 years of the ISS program researchers aboard the ISS and on the ground have examined aerosols, ozone, water vapor, and oxides in Earth's atmosphere, as well as the Sun, cosmic rays, cosmic dust, antimatter, and dark matter in the universe. Examples of Earth-viewing remote sensing experiments that have flown on the ISS are the Orbiting Carbon Observatory 3, ISS-RapidScat, HICO, ECOSTRESS, the Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation, and the Cloud Aerosol Transport System. ISS-based astronomy telescopes and experiments include SOLAR, the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer, the Calorimetric Electron Telescope, the Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image (MAXI), and the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer. [9] [11]

Since 2018, an example of automated manufacturing on the ISS is the testing across nine launches (as of April 2024) of a system to manufacture artificial retinas benefitted by the weightless environment. [12] Progress has resulted in a goal of beginning human trials of the material as early as 2027. [12]

ISS science facilities

ELC-2 on the SSRMS prior to its placement on the S3 Truss.jpg

[13] [14]
The ISS includes a number of modules devoted to scientific activity as well as other hardware designed for the same purpose.

Laboratory modules:

Scientific hardware not attached to any laboratory module:

Columbus

Internal scientific hardware:

External scientific hardware:

Destiny

Planned for launch:

Kibo

[26]
Internal scientific hardware:

External scientific hardware:

Poisk

ISS small hardware

ISS sub-rack

[54]

ISS stowage

[54]

ISS mid-deck locker

[54]

ISS mid-deck locker insert

[54]

JAXA's ISS research and science activity

[96] [97] [98]

Experiments

Applied research fields

  • High Quality Protein Crystallization Research (HQPC) [111]
  • Applied research core center promotion program New material development (Protein Crystallization Research Facility (PCRF))
  • Applied research core center promotion program Dynamics of Interfaces (Cell Biology Experiment Facility (CBEF))

Human space technology development fields

Educational and cultural utilization fields

Commercial utilization fields

Fee-based utilization of Kibo is available to unrestricted research groups for commercial use. Costs involved in the operation will be paid by each user. The results obtained through the utilization will belong to the user. [99]

Exposed facility experiments

NASA's ISS research and science activity

[120]

Human research

[121]

Effect of prolonged space flight on human skeletal muscle

[122]

Cardiovascular and pulmonary systems

Crew healthcare systems

Human behaviour and performance

Immune system

Integrated physiology

Neurological and vestibular systems

Radiation

Other experiments

Biology and biotechnology

[182]

Animal biology

Cellular biology and biotechnology

Microbiology

In August 2020, scientists reported that bacteria from Earth, particularly Deinococcus radiodurans bacteria, which is highly resistant to environmental hazards, were found to survive for three years in outer space, based on studies conducted on the International Space Station. These findings support the notion of panspermia, the hypothesis that life exists throughout the Universe, distributed in various ways, including space dust, meteoroids, asteroids, comets, planetoids or contaminated spacecraft. [202] [203]

Plant biology

Protein crystallization

Other experiments

Physical and materials sciences

[263]

Combustion science

Fluid physics

Materials science

Quantum Physics

Other experiments

Technology development

[299]

Characterizing the microgravity environment on ISS

Environmental monitoring of ISS

Picosatellites and control technologies

Spacecraft materials

Spacecraft systems

Spacecraft and orbital environments

Other experiments

Earth and space science

[341]

Earth science

Space science

Other monitors and observatories from the field

ISS operations results

[352]

Crew-initiated science

Educational activities

Environmental monitoring of ISS

Medical monitoring of ISS crew members

Spacecraft systems

Spacecraft and orbital environments

Station development test objective

Supplementary Medical Objective

ESA reported ISS research and science activity

Much like NASA and JAXA, ESA also conducted numerous experiments on the International Space Station.

Energia RSC reported ISS research and science activity

[367]

Human life research

[368]

Geophysical research

[398]

Earth resources sensing

[407]

Space biotechnology

[413]

Technical research

[437]

Contract activities

[457]

Study of cosmic rays

[495]

Educational and humanitarian projects

[499]

Space technology and material science

[505]

Foreign programs

[513]

Other

In May 2011, Space Shuttle Endeavour mission STS-134 carried 13 Lego kits to the ISS, where astronauts built models and saw how they reacted in microgravity, as part of the Lego Bricks in Space program. The results were shared with schools as part of an educational project. [514] [515]

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References

  1. ↑ "International Space Station Overview". ShuttlePressKit.com. 3 June 1999. Retrieved 17 February 2009.
  2. ↑ International Space Station Overview Research and On-Orbit Facilities Non-Partner Participation.
  3. ↑ "NASA Authorization Act 2005" (PDF). United States Government Printing Office. 30 December 2005. Retrieved 6 March 2009.
  4. ↑ Buckey, Jay (23 February 2006). Space Physiology. Oxford University Press USA. ISBN   978-0-19-513725-5.
  5. ↑ Grossman, List (24 July 2009). "Ion engine could one day power 39-day trips to Mars". New Scientist. Retrieved 8 January 2010.
  6. ↑ Boen, Brooke (1 May 2009). "Advanced Diagnostic Ultrasound in Microgravity (ADUM)". NASA. Archived from the original on 23 August 2007. Retrieved 1 October 2009.
  7. ↑ Rao, Sishir; et al. (2008). "A Pilot Study of Comprehensive Ultrasound Education at the Wayne State University School of Medicine". Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine. 27 (5): 745–749. doi: 10.7863/jum.2008.27.5.745 . PMID   18424650. S2CID   30566494.
  8. ↑ Fincke, Michael; et al. (2004). "Evaluation of Shoulder Integrity in Space: First Report of Musculoskeletal US on the International Space Station". Radiology. 234 (2): 319–322. doi:10.1148/radiol.2342041680. PMID   15533948.
  9. 1 2 3 "Fields of Research". NASA. 26 June 2007. Archived from the original on 23 January 2008.
  10. ↑ "Materials Science 101". Science@NASA. 15 September 1999. Archived from the original on 14 June 2009. Retrieved 18 June 2009.
  11. ↑ NASA.gov . Retrieved 9 December
  12. 1 2 Brown, David W. (May 2024). Honan, Mat (ed.). "Stations in the Sky". MIT Technology Review. 127 (3). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Technology Review, Incorporated: 54–56.
  13. ↑ International Space Station Facilities Research in Space 2013 and Beyond
  14. ↑ NASA.gov Facilities List by Discipline Emphasis Summary - NASA
  15. ↑ Expedite the Processing of Experiments to the Space Station Logistics Carrier (ELC)
  16. ↑ "NICER News". Goddard Space Flight Center - Sciences and Exploration Directorate. NASA. 2018-05-26. Retrieved 2018-05-26.
  17. ↑ "Neutron-star Interior Composition ExploreR". Spaceflight101.com. 2018-05-26. Retrieved 2018-05-26.
  18. ↑ Glenn Research Center (NASA)
  19. ↑ (EXPRESS_Rack_1)
  20. ↑ (EXPRESS_Rack_2A)
  21. ↑ (EXPRESS_Rack_3A)
  22. ↑ (EXPRESS_Rack_4)
  23. ↑ (EXPRESS_Rack_5)
  24. ↑ (EXPRESS_Rack_6)
  25. ↑ Human Research Facility 2 (HRF-2)
  26. ↑ Experiment Facilities onboard [sic] Kibo’s Pressurized Module (PM):Experiment - Kibo Japanese Experimental Module - JAXA Archived 2010-02-24 at the Wayback Machine . Kibo.jaxa.jp. Retrieved on 2010-08-14.
  27. ↑ Ryutai Experiment Rack (Ryutai)
  28. ↑ Fluid Physics Experiment Facility (FPEF) - JAXA Archived 2011-07-25 at the Wayback Machine
  29. ↑ Solution Crystallization Observation Facility (SCOF) - JAXA Archived 2010-02-24 at the Wayback Machine
  30. ↑ Protein Crystallization Research Facility (PCRF) - JAXA Archived 2011-07-25 at the Wayback Machine
  31. ↑ Image Processing Unit (IPU) - JAXA Archived 2011-07-25 at the Wayback Machine
  32. ↑ Gradient Heating Furnace (GHF) - JAXA Archived 2011-07-25 at the Wayback Machine
  33. ↑ Saibo Experiment Rack (Saibo)
  34. ↑ Cell Biology Experiment Facility (CBEF) Archived 2011-07-25 at the Wayback Machine
  35. ↑ Clean Bench (CB) Archived 2011-07-25 at the Wayback Machine
  36. ↑ Biological Experiment Unit (BEU) - JAXA Archived 2011-07-25 at the Wayback Machine
  37. ↑ High Definition TeleVision transmitting system (HDTV) - JAXA Archived 2011-06-12 at the Wayback Machine
  38. ↑ Passive Dosimeter for Life Science Experiments in Space (PADLES) - JAXA Archived 2011-06-12 at the Wayback Machine
  39. ↑ Specification of JAXA Holter ECG Archived 2011-07-25 at the Wayback Machine
  40. 1 2 Payload Laptop Terminal (PLT) Microgravity Measurement Apparatus (MMA) Utility DC/DC Converter Unit (UDC):Experiment - Kibo Japanese Experimental Module - JAXA Archived 2011-07-25 at the Wayback Machine . Kibo.jaxa.jp (2009-10-16). Retrieved on 2010-08-14.
  41. ↑ Japanese Experiment Module - Exposed Facility (JEM-EF) Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  42. ↑ Actiwatch (Actiwatch)
  43. ↑ BioServe Culture Apparatus (BCA)
  44. ↑ Biological Research in Canisters for OptiCells (BRIC-Opti)
  45. ↑ Human Research Facility Continuous Blood Pressure Device (CBPD)
  46. ↑ NASA - Hand Grip Dynamometer?Pinch Force Dynamometer (HGD-PFD). Nasa.gov (2010-07-31). Retrieved on 2010-08-14.
  47. ↑ Human Research Facility Holter Monitor (Holter)
  48. ↑ Kennedy Space Center Fixation Tube (KFT)
  49. ↑ Portable Clinical Blood Analyzer - i-STAT (PCBA)
  50. ↑ Radiation Area Monitor (RAM)
  51. ↑ Tissue Equivalent Proportional Counter (TEPC)
  52. ↑ Urine Monitoring System (UMS)
  53. ↑ "NASA - Veg-03". www.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2018-03-11.
  54. 1 2 3 4 NASA - Facilities List by Hardware Type
  55. ↑ Advanced Biological Research System
  56. ↑ Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility
  57. ↑ ARCTIC Refrigerator-Freezer (ARCTIC)
  58. ↑ Biotechnology Specimen Temperature Controller (BSTC)
  59. ↑ Biotechnology Temperature Refrigerator (BTR)
  60. ↑ Boiling Experiment Facility (BXF) - NASA
  61. ↑ Clean Bench (CB) - NASA
  62. ↑ Cell Biology Experiment Facility (CBEF) - NASA
  63. ↑ Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus (CGBA)- NASA
  64. ↑ Commercial Plant Biotechnology Facility (CPBF) - NASA
  65. ↑ Commercial Refrigerator Incubator Module - Modified (CRIM-M) - NASA
  66. ↑ European Modular Cultivation System (EMCS) - NASA
  67. ↑ Fluid Physics Experiment Facility (FPEF) - NASA
  68. ↑ Flywheel Exercise Device (FWED) - NASA
  69. ↑ Image Processing Unit (IPU) - NASA
  70. ↑ Mice Drawer System Facility (MDS_Facility) - NASA
  71. ↑ Microgravity Vibration Isolation Subsystem (MVIS) - NASA
  72. ↑ Portable Astroculture Chamber (PASC) - NASA
  73. ↑ Protein Crystal Growth - Single Locker Thermal Enclosure System (PCG-STES) - NASA
  74. ↑ Protein Crystallization Research Facility (PCRF) - NASA
  75. ↑ Pulmonary Function System (PFS) - NASA
  76. ↑ Portable Glovebox (PGB) - NASA
  77. ↑ Refrigerated Centrifuge (RC) - NASA
  78. ↑ Solution Crystallization Observation Facility (SCOF) - NASA
  79. ↑ Space Linear Acceleration Mass Measurement Device (SLAMMD) - NASA
  80. ↑ Human Research Facility Ultrasound on the International Space Station (Ultrasound) - NASA
  81. ↑ Autonomous Biological System
  82. ↑ ADvanced Space Experiment Processor
  83. ↑ Astro_Garden
  84. ↑ Biological Research in Canisters
  85. ↑ Cell Culturing
  86. ↑ Group Activation Pack - Fluid Processing Apparatus
  87. ↑ Granada Crystallization Facility
  88. ↑ Avian Development Facility
  89. ↑ Animal Enclosure Module
  90. ↑ General Laboratory Active Cryogenic ISS Experiment Refrigerator
  91. ↑ Microgravity Experiment Research Locker Incubator
  92. ↑ T-Cell Growth System
  93. ↑ Space Saving
  94. ↑ Biotube
  95. ↑ Kennedy Space Center Gaseous Nitrogen Freezer
  96. ↑ JAXA | Space Environment Utilization and Space Experiment. Jaxa.jp. Retrieved on 2010-08-14.
  97. ↑ Experiment - Kibo Japanese Experimental Module - JAXA Archived 2010-02-23 at the Wayback Machine . Kibo.jaxa.jp. Retrieved on 2010-08-14.
  98. ↑ List of Kibo experiments by theme and/or facility Archived 2010-12-14 at the Wayback Machine
  99. 1 2 JAXA, Current Status of Research Themes for Kibo First Phase Utilization, archived from the original on 2010-12-14
  100. ↑ Chaos, Turbulence and its Transition Process in Marangoni Convection Marangoni Exp/MEIS (ISS Experiment) - JAXA Archived 2011-07-25 at the Wayback Machine
  101. ↑ Spatio-temporal Flow Structure in Marangoni Convection (Marangoni UVP/MaranGoniat) (ISS Experiment) - JAXA Archived 2011-07-25 at the Wayback Machine
  102. ↑ Experimental Assessment of Dynamic Surface Deformation Effects in Transition to Oscillatory Thermo capillary Flow in Liquid Bridge of High Prandtl Number Fluid (ISS Experiment) - JAXA Archived 2011-07-25 at the Wayback Machine
  103. ↑ Pattern Formation during Ice Crystal Growth (Ice Crystal) (ISS Experiment) - JAXA Archived 2010-02-20 at the Wayback Machine
  104. ↑ Investigation on Mechanism of Faceted Cellular Array Growth (Facet) (ISS Experiment) - JAXA Archived 2011-07-25 at the Wayback Machine
  105. ↑ Gene expression of p53-regulated Genes in Mammalian Cultured Cells after Exposure to Space Environment (Rad Gene) (ISS Experiment) - JAXA Archived 2011-07-25 at the Wayback Machine
  106. ↑ Detection of Changes in LOH Profile of TK mutants of Human Cultured Cells (LOH) (ISS Experiment) - JAXA Archived 2011-07-25 at the Wayback Machine
  107. ↑ Integrated Assessment of Long-term Cosmic Radiation Through Biological Responses of the Silkworm, Bombyx mori, in Space (Rad Silk) (ISS Experiment) - JAXA Archived 2011-07-25 at the Wayback Machine
  108. ↑ Hydrotropism and Auxin-Inducible Gene Expression in Roots Grown under Microgravity Conditions (Hydro Tropi) (ISS Experiment) - JAXA Archived 2011-07-25 at the Wayback Machine
  109. ↑ Life Cycle of Higher Plants under Microgravity Conditions (Space Seed) (ISS Experiment) - JAXA Archived 2011-07-25 at the Wayback Machine
  110. ↑ Regulation by Gravity of Ferulate Formation in Cell Walls of Rice Seedlings (Ferulate) (ISS Experiment) - JAXA Archived 2011-07-25 at the Wayback Machine
  111. ↑ High Quality Protein Crystallization Research (HQPC) (ISS Experiment) - JAXA Archived 2011-03-17 at the Wayback Machine
  112. ↑ Passive Dosimeter for Life Science Experiments in Space (PADLES) (ISS Experiment) - JAXA Archived 2011-06-12 at the Wayback Machine
  113. ↑ High Definition TeleVision transmitting system (HDTV) (ISS Experiment) - JAXA Archived 2011-06-12 at the Wayback Machine
  114. ↑ Current Status of Research Themes for Kibo First Phase Utilization - JAXA Archived 2010-12-14 at the Wayback Machine
  115. ↑ Bisphosphonates as a Countermeasure to Space Flight Induced Bone Loss (ISS Experiment) - JAXA Archived 2011-06-12 at the Wayback Machine
  116. ↑ Space Poem Chain (ISS Experiment) - JAXA
  117. ↑ Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image (MAXI) (ISS Experiment) - JAXA Archived 2011-07-25 at the Wayback Machine
  118. ↑ Space Environment Data Acquisition Equipment - Attached Payload (SEDA-AP) (ISS Experiment) - JAXA Archived 2010-04-11 at the Wayback Machine
  119. ↑ Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb Emission Sounder (SMILES) (ISS Experiment) - JAXA Archived 2011-07-25 at the Wayback Machine
  120. ↑ NASA - NASA - Space Station Science. Nasa.gov (2010-07-19). Retrieved on 2010-08-14.
  121. ↑ Human Research and Countermeasure Development for Exploration - NASA
  122. ↑ Effect of Prolonged Space Flight on Human Skeletal Muscle (Biopsy) - NASA
  123. ↑ Bisphosphonates as a Countermeasure to Space Flight Induced Bone Loss (Bisphosphonates) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
  124. ↑ Commercial Biomedical Testing Module: Effects of Osteoprotegerin on Bone Maintenance in Microgravity (CBTM) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2007-08-23 at the Wayback Machine
  125. ↑ Commercial Biomedical Test Module - 2 (CBTM-2) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
  126. ↑ Foot Reaction Forces During Space Flight (Foot) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
  127. ↑ Effects of Altered Gravity on Spinal Cord Excitability (H-Reflex) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
  128. ↑ Hand Posture Analyzer (HPA) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
  129. ↑ Renal Stone Risk During Spaceflight: Assessment and Countermeasure Validation (Renal_Stone) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
  130. ↑ Spinal Elongation and its Effects on Seated Height in a Microgravity Environment (Spinal_Elongation) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
  131. ↑ Subregional Assessment of Bone Loss in the Axial Skeleton in Long-term Space Flight (Subregional_Bone) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
  132. ↑ Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Control on Return from ISS (CCISS) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
  133. ↑ Cardiac Atrophy and Diastolic Dysfunction During and After Long Duration Spaceflight: Functional Consequences for Orthostatic Intolerance, Exercise Capability and Risk for Cardiac Arrhythmias (Integrated_Cardiovascular) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
  134. ↑ Test of Midodrine as a Countermeasure Against Post-flight Orthostatic Hypotension - Long (Midodrine-Long) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
  135. ↑ Test of Midodrine as a Countermeasure Against Post-flight Orthostatic Hypotension - Short Duration Biological Investigation (Midodrine-SDBI) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
  136. ↑ The Effects of EVA and Long-Term Exposure to Microgravity on Pulmonary Function (PuFF) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
  137. ↑ Evaluation of Maximal Oxygen Uptake and Submaximal Estimates of VO2max Before, During, and After Long Duration International Space Station Missions (VO2max) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
  138. ↑ Effect of Microgravity on the Peripheral Subcutaneous Veno-Arteriolar Reflex in Humans (Xenon1) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
  139. ↑ IntraVenous Fluid GENeration for Exploration Missions (ISS Experiment) (IVGEN) - NASA
  140. ↑ Stability of Pharmacotherapeutic and Nutritional Compounds (Stability) (ISS Experiment)- NASA
  141. ↑ Bodies In the Space Environment: Relative Contributions of Internal and External Cues to Self - Orientation, During and After Zero Gravity Exposure (BISE) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
  142. ↑ Crewmember and Crew-Ground Interaction During International Space Station Missions (Interactions) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
  143. ↑ Behavioral Issues Associated with Isolation and Confinement: Review and Analysis of ISS Crew Journals (Journals) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
  144. ↑ Sleep-Wake Actigraphy and Light Exposure During Spaceflight-Long (Sleep-Long) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2008-09-16 at the Wayback Machine
  145. ↑ Sleep-Wake Actigraphy and Light Exposure During Spaceflight-Short (Sleep-Short) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
  146. ↑ Human Factors Assessment of Vibration Effects on Visual Performance During Launch (Visual_Performance) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
  147. ↑ Differentiation of Bone Marrow Macrophages in Space (BONEMAC) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
  148. ↑ Cell Culture Module - Immune Response of Human Monocytes in Microgravity (CCM-Immune_Response) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
  149. ↑ Cell Culture Module - Effect of Microgravity on Wound Repair: In Vitro Model of New Blood Vessel Development (CCM-Wound_Repair) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
  150. ↑ Space Flight Induced Reactivation of Latent Epstein-Barr Virus (Epstein-Barr) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
  151. ↑ Validation of Procedures for Monitoring Crewmember Immune Function (Integrated_Immune) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
  152. ↑ Incidence of Latent Virus Shedding During Space Flight (Latent_Virus) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
  153. ↑ Advanced Diagnostic Ultrasound in Microgravity (ADUM) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
  154. ↑ Nutritional Status Assessment (Nutrition) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
  155. ↑ Dietary Intake Can Predict and Protect Against Changes in Bone Metabolism during Spaceflight and Recovery (Pro_K) - NASA
  156. ↑ National Aeronautics and Space Administration Biological Specimen Repository (Repository) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
  157. ↑ ELaboratore Immagini TElevisive - Space 2 (ELITE-S2) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
  158. ↑ Promoting Sensorimotor Response Generalizability: A Countermeasure to Mitigate Locomotor Dysfunction After Long-Duration Space Flight (Mobility) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
  159. ↑ Bioavailability and Performance Effects of Promethazine During Space Flight (PMZ) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
  160. ↑ Anomalous Long Term Effects in Astronauts' Central Nervous System (ALTEA) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2007-11-30 at the Wayback Machine
  161. ↑ Anomalous Long Term Effects in Astronauts' Central Nervous System - Shield (ALTEA-Shield) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
  162. ↑ Bonner Ball Neutron Detector (BBND) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
  163. ↑ Chromosomal Aberrations in Blood Lymphocytes of Astronauts (Chromosome) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
  164. ↑ Dosimetric Mapping (DOSMAP) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
  165. ↑ A Study of Radiation Doses Experienced by Astronauts in EVA (EVARM) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
  166. ↑ Organ Dose Measurement Using the Phantom Torso (Torso) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2009-05-31 at the Wayback Machine
  167. ↑ Mental Representation of Spatial Cues During Space Flight (3D-Space) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
  168. ↑ Long Term Microgravity: A Model for Investigating Mechanisms of Heart Disease with New Portable Equipment (Card) - NASA Archived 2010-03-16 at the Wayback Machine
  169. ↑ Cytogenetic Effects of Ionizing Radiation in Peripheral Lymphocytes of ISS Crewmembers (Chromosome-2) - NASA Archived 2010-03-16 at the Wayback Machine
  170. ↑ Astronaut's Energy Requirements for Long-Term Space Flight (Energy) (ISS Experiment)- NASA Archived 2010-03-16 at the Wayback Machine
  171. ↑ Neuroendocrine and Immune Responses in Humans During and After Long Term Stay at ISS (Immuno) (ISS Experiment)- NASA Archived 2010-03-16 at the Wayback Machine
  172. ↑ Motion Perception: Vestibular Adaptation to G-Transitions (MOP) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-16 at the Wayback Machine
  173. ↑ Study of Low Back Pain in Crewmembers During Space Flight (Mus) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-16 at the Wayback Machine
  174. ↑ Otolith Assessment During Postflight Re-adaptation (Otolith) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-16 at the Wayback Machine
  175. ↑ Perceptual Motor Deficits in Space ( ) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-16 at the Wayback Machine
  176. ↑ Psychomotor Vigilance Self Test on the International Space Station (Reaction_Self_Test) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-16 at the Wayback Machine
  177. ↑ Study of Microbial Communities Exposed to Weightlessness (Sample) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-16 at the Wayback Machine
  178. ↑ SOdium LOading in Microgravity (SOLO) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-16 at the Wayback Machine
  179. ↑ Validation of Centrifugation as a Countermeasure for Otolith Deconditioning During Spaceflight (Spin) - NASA Archived 2010-03-16 at the Wayback Machine
  180. ↑ Test of Reaction and Adaptation Capabilities (TRAC)(ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-16 at the Wayback Machine
  181. ↑ Ambiguous Tilt and Translation Motion Cues After Space Flight (Zag) - NASA Archived 2010-03-16 at the Wayback Machine
  182. ↑ Physical and Biological Sciences in Microgravity - NASA Archived 2010-03-16 at the Wayback Machine
  183. ↑ Fungal Pathogenesis, Tumorigenesis, and Effects of Host Immunity in Space (FIT) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  184. ↑ Mice Drawer System (MDS)
  185. ↑ NASA's New Rodent Residence Elevates Research To Greater Heights
  186. ↑ NASA.gov Avian Development Facility - Development and Function of the Avian Otolith System in Normal Altered Gravity Environments (ADF-Otolith) (ISS Experiment) - NASA] Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  187. ↑ Avian Development Facility - Skeletal Development in Embryonic Quail (ADF-Skeletal) (ISS Experiment)- NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  188. ↑ Cellular Biotechnology Operations Support Systems: Human Renal Cortical Cell Differentiation and Hormone Production (CBOSS-01-02-Renal) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  189. ↑ Cellular Biotechnology Operations Support Systems: Use of NASA Bioreactor to Study Cell Cycle Regulation: Mechanisms of Colon Carcinoma Metastasis in Microgravity (CBOSS-01-Colon (ISS Experiment)) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  190. ↑ Cellular Biotechnology Operations Support Systems: Evaluation of Ovarian Tumor Cell Growth and Gene Expression (CBOSS-01-Ovarian) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  191. ↑ Cellular Biotechnology Operations Support Systems: PC12 Pheochromocytoma Cells - A Proven Model System for Optimizing 3-D Cell Culture Biotechnology in Space (CBOSS-01-PC12) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  192. ↑ Cellular Biotechnology Operations Support Systems: Production of Recombinant Human Erythropoietin by Mammalian Cells (CBOSS-02-Erythropoietin) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  193. ↑ Biotechnology Operations Support Systems: The Effect of Microgravity on the Immune Function of Human Lymphoid Tissue (CBOSS-02-HLT) (ISS Experiment) - NASA [ dead link ]
  194. ↑ Cellular Biotechnology Operations Support Systems: Fluid Dynamics Investigation (CBOSS-FDI) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  195. ↑ Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus - Antibiotic Production in Space (CGBA-APS) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  196. ↑ Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus - Kidney Cell Gene Expression (CGBA-KCGE) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  197. ↑ Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus - Synaptogenesis in Microgravity (CGBA-SM) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  198. ↑ Microencapsulation Electrostatic Processing System (MEPS) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  199. ↑ StelSys Liver Cell Function Research (StelSys) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  200. ↑ Gene, Immune and Cellular Responses to Single and Combined Space Flight Conditions - A (TripleLux-A) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  201. ↑ Gene, Immune and Cellular Responses to Single and Combined Space Flight Conditions - B (TripleLux-B) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  202. ↑ Strickland, Ashley (26 August 2020). "Bacteria from Earth can survive in space and could endure the trip to Mars, according to new study". CNN News . Retrieved 26 August 2020.
  203. ↑ Kawaguchi, Yuko; et al. (26 August 2020). "DNA Damage and Survival Time Course of Deinococcal Cell Pellets During 3 Years of Exposure to Outer Space". Frontiers in Microbiology . 11: 2050. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.02050 . PMC   7479814 . PMID   32983036.
  204. ↑ Microbial Drug Resistance Virulence (MDRV) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  205. ↑ Effect of Spaceflight on Microbial Gene Expression and Virulence (Microbe) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  206. ↑ National Laboratory Pathfinder - Cells (NLP-Cells) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  207. ↑ National Laboratory Pathfinder - Vaccine - 1A (NLP-Vaccine-1A) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  208. ↑ National Laboratory Pathfinder - Vaccine - 1B (NLP-Vaccine-1B) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  209. ↑ National Lab Pathfinder - Vaccine - 1C (NLP-Vaccine-1C) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  210. ↑ National Lab Pathfinder - Vaccine - 2 (NLP-Vaccine-2) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  211. ↑ National Lab Pathfinder - Vaccine - 3 (NLP-Vaccine-3) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  212. ↑ National Lab Pathfinder - Vaccine - 4 (NLP-Vaccine-4) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  213. ↑ National Lab Pathfinder - Vaccine - 5 (NLP-Vaccine-5) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  214. ↑ Passive Observatories for Experimental Microbial Systems (POEMS) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  215. ↑ Streptococcus pneumoniae Expression of Genes in Space (SPEGIS) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  216. ↑ Surface, Water and Air Biocharacterization - A Comprehensive Characterization of Microorganisms and Allergens in Spacecraft Environment (SWAB) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-23 at the Wayback Machine
  217. ↑ Yeast-Group Activation Packs (Yeast-GAP) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  218. ↑ Advanced AstrocultureTM (ADVASC) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-04-26 at the Wayback Machine
  219. ↑ Biomass Production System (BPS) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  220. ↑ Cambium (Cambium) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  221. ↑ Cell Wall/Reverse Genetic Approach to Exploring Genes Responsible for Cell Wall Dynamics in Supporting Tissues of Arabidopsis Under Microgravity Conditions and Resist Wall/Role of Microtubule-Membrane-Cell Wall Continuum in Gravity Resistance in Plants (CWRW) Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine (ISS Experiment) - NASA
  222. ↑ Gravity Related Genes in Arabidopsis - A (Genara-A) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  223. ↑ Threshold Acceleration for Gravisensing (Gravi) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  224. ↑ Threshold Acceleration for Gravisensing - 2 (Gravi-2) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  225. ↑ Validating Vegetable Production Unit (VPU) Plants, Protocols, Procedures and Requirements (P3R) Using Currently Existing Flight Resources (Lada-VPU-P3R) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  226. ↑ Molecular and Plant Physiological Analyses of the Microgravity Effects on Multigeneration Studies of Arabidopsis thaliana (Multigen) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
  227. ↑ National Laboratory Pathfinder - Cells - 3: Jatropha Biofuels (NLP-Cells-3) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-23 at the Wayback Machine
  228. ↑ The Optimization of Root Zone Substrates (ORZS) for Reduced Gravity Experiments Program (ORZS) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  229. ↑ Photosynthesis Experiment and System Testing and Operation (PESTO) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  230. ↑ Plant Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus (PGBA) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  231. ↑ Transgenic Arabidopsis Gene Expression System (TAGES) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-23 at the Wayback Machine
  232. ↑ Analysis of a Novel Sensory Mechanism in Root Phototropism (Tropi) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-02-03 at the Wayback Machine
  233. ↑ Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility - Extraordinary Structural Features of Antibodies from Camelids (APCF-Camelids) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  234. ↑ Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility - Solution Flows and Molecular Disorder of Protein Crystals: Growth of High Quality Crystals, Motions of Lumazin Crystals and Growth of Ferritin Crystals (APCF-Crystal_Growth) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  235. ↑ Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility - Effect of Different Growth Conditions on the Quality of Thaumatin and Aspartyl-tRNA Synthetase Crystals Grown in Microgravity (APCF-Crystal_Quality) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  236. ↑ Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility - Crystallization of Human Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Subfractions in Microgravity (APCF-Lipoprotein) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  237. ↑ Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility - Testing New Trends in Microgravity Protein Crystallization (APCF-Lysozyme) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  238. ↑ Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility - Crystallization of the Next Generation of Octarellins (APCF-Octarellins) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  239. ↑ Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility - Protein Crystallization in Microgravity, Collagen Model (X-Y-Gly) Polypeptides - the case of (Pro-Pro-Gly) 10 (APCF-PPG10) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  240. ↑ Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility - Crystallization of Rhodopsin in Microgravity (APCF-Rhodopsin) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
  241. ↑ Commercial Protein Crystal Growth - High Density (CPCG-H) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  242. ↑ Dynamically Controlled Protein Crystal Growth (DCPCG) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  243. ↑ Protein Crystal Growth-Enhanced Gaseous Nitrogen Dewar (PCG-EGN) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-04-26 at the Wayback Machine
  244. ↑ Protein Crystal Growth-Single Locker Thermal Enclosure System-Improved Diffraction Quality of Crystals (PCG-STES-IDQC) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  245. ↑ Protein Crystal Growth-Single Locker Thermal Enclosure System-Crystallization of the Integral Membrane Protein Using Microgravity (PCG-STES-IMP) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  246. ↑ Protein Crystal Growth-Single Locker Thermal Enclosure System-Synchrotron Based Mosaicity Measurements of Crystal Quality and Theoretical Modeling (PCG-STES-MM) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  247. ↑ Protein Crystal Growth-Single Locker Thermal Enclosure System-Crystallization of the Mitochondrial Metabolite Transport Proteins (PCG-STES-MMTP) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  248. ↑ Protein Crystal Growth-Single Locker Thermal Enclosure System - Crystal Growth Model System for Material Science (PCG-STES-MS) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  249. ↑ Protein Crystal Growth-Single Locker Thermal Enclosure System-Engineering a Ribozyme for Diffraction Properties (PCG-STES-RDP) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  250. ↑ Protein Crystal Growth-Single Locker Thermal Enclosure System-Regulation of Gene Expression (PCG-STES-RGE) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  251. ↑ Protein Crystal Growth-Single Locker Thermal Enclosure System-Science and Applications of Facility Hardware for Protein Crystal Growth (PCG-STES-SA) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  252. ↑ Protein Crystal Growth-Single Locker Thermal Enclosure System-Vapor Equilibrium Kinetics Studies (PCG-STES-VEKS) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  253. ↑ Dome Gene Experiment (DomeGene) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  254. ↑ Exposure Experiment (Expose) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  255. ↑ Fischer Rat Thyroid Low Serum 5% (FRTL5) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  256. ↑ High Quality Protein Crystallization (HQPC) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-23 at the Wayback Machine
  257. ↑ Detection of Changes in LOH Profile of TK mutants of Human Cultured Cells (LOH) - Gene Expression of p53-Regulated Genes in Mammalian Cultured Cells After Exposure to Space Environment (LOH-RadGene) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  258. ↑ Effects of Microgravity on the Haemopoietic System: A Study on Neocytolysis (Neocytolysis) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  259. ↑ PAthway DIfferent ACtivators (PADIAC) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  260. ↑ ROle of Apoptosis in Lymphocyte Depression (ROALD) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  261. ↑ Study of Space Environment Effects on PY17 Bacterial Spores onboard [sic] Space Shuttle (Spore) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  262. ↑ Waving and Coiling of Arabidopsis Roots at Different g-levels (WAICO) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  263. ↑ Physical and Biological Sciences in Microgravity - NASA Archived 2010-03-16 at the Wayback Machine
  264. ↑ NASA.gov
  265. ↑ Smoke Point In Co-flow Experiment (SPICE) - (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  266. ↑ Capillary Flow Experiment (CFE)- (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  267. ↑ DEvice for the study of Critical LIquids and Crystallization - High Temperature Insert (DECLIC-HTI) - (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-23 at the Wayback Machine
  268. ↑ Fluid Merging Viscosity Measurement (FMVM) - (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  269. ↑ Miscible Fluids in Microgravity (MFMG) - (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  270. ↑ Shear History Extensional Rheology Experiment (SHERE) - (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  271. ↑ Selectable Optical Diagnostics Instrument-Influence of VIbrations on DIffusion of Liquids (SODI-IVIDIL) - (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  272. ↑ Binary Colloidal Alloy Test - 3 and 4: Critical Point (BCAT-3-4-CP) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  273. ↑ Binary Colloidal Alloy Test - 3: Binary Alloys (BCAT-3-BA) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  274. ↑ Binary Colloidal Alloy Test - 3: Surface Crystallization (BCAT-3-SC) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  275. ↑ Binodal Colloidal Aggregation Test - 4: Polydispersion (BCAT-4-Poly) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  276. ↑ Binary Colloidal Alloy Test - 5: Three-Dimensional Melt (BCAT-5-3D-Melt) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  277. ↑ Binary Colloidal Alloy Test - 5: Compete (BCAT-5-Compete) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  278. ↑ Binary Colloidal Alloy Test-5: Phase Separation (BCAT-5-PhaseSep) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  279. ↑ Coarsening in Solid Liquid Mixtures-2 (CSLM-2) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  280. ↑ DEvice for the study of Critical LIquids and Crystallization - Directional Solidification Insert (DECLIC-DSI) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  281. ↑ EXPRESS Physics of Colloids in Space (EXPPCS) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  282. ↑ Viscous Liquid Foam - Bulk Metallic Glass (Foam) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  283. ↑ Investigating the Structure of Paramagnetic Aggregates from Colloidal Emulsions (InSPACE) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  284. ↑ Investigating the Structure of Paramagnetic Aggregates from Colloidal Emulsions - 2 (InSPACE-2) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  285. ↑ Materials International Space Station Experiment - 1 and 2 (MISSE-1_and_2) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  286. ↑ Materials International Space Station Experiment - 3 and 4 (MISSE-3_and_4) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  287. ↑ Materials International Space Station Experiment - 5 (MISSE-5) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2008-12-09 at the Wayback Machine
  288. ↑ Materials International Space Station Experiment - 6A and 6B (MISSE-6A_and_6B) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  289. ↑ Materials International Space Station Experiment - 7 (MISSE-7) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2008-12-10 at the Wayback Machine
  290. ↑ Materials Science Laboratory - Columnar-to-Equiaxed Transition in Solidification Processing and Microstructure Formation in Casting of Technical Alloys under Diffusive and Magnetically Controlled Convective Conditions (MSL-CETSOL_and_MICAST) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  291. ↑ Toward Understanding Pore Formation and Mobility During Controlled Directional Solidification in a Microgravity Environment (PFMI) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  292. ↑ Selectable Optical Diagnostics Instrument - Aggregation of Colloidal Solutions (SODI-Colloid) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  293. ↑ Space-Dynamically Responding Ultrasonic Matrix System (SpaceDRUMS) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  294. ↑ Solidification Using a Baffle in Sealed Ampoules (SUBSA) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  295. ↑ Zeolite Crystal Growth (ZCG) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  296. ↑ and Applied Studies of Emulsion Stability (FASES) (ISS Experiment) - NASA [ dead link ]
  297. ↑ Simulation of Geophysical Fluid Flow Under Microgravity (Geoflow) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  298. ↑ Chaos, Turbulence and its Transition Process in Marangoni Convection (Marangoni) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-23 at the Wayback Machine
  299. ↑ NASA - Technology Archived 2010-03-16 at the Wayback Machine . Nasa.gov (2010-07-31). Retrieved on 2010-08-14.
  300. ↑ Active Rack Isolation System - ISS Characterization Experiment (ARIS-ICE) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  301. ↑ Microgravity Acceleration Measurement System (MAMS) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-23 at the Wayback Machine
  302. ↑ Space Acceleration Measurement System-II (SAMS-II) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-23 at the Wayback Machine
  303. ↑ Analyzing Interferometer for Ambient Air (ANITA) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  304. ↑ Electronic Nose (ENose) (ISS Experiment) - NASA [ dead link ]
  305. ↑ Lab-on-a-Chip Application Development-Portable Test System (LOCAD-PTS) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2009-03-27 at the Wayback Machine
  306. ↑ Lab-on-a-Chip Application Development-Portable Test System - Exploration (LOCAD-PTS-Exploration) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2009-04-07 at the Wayback Machine
  307. ↑ Vehicle Cabin Atmosphere Monitor (VCAM) ISS Experiment - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  308. ↑ Avatar Explore: Autonomous Robotic Operations Performed from the ISS (Avatar_Explore) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  309. ↑ Avatar - Explore (ISS Experiment) - Canadian Space Agency Archived 2010-03-25 at the Wayback Machine
  310. ↑ Dual RF Astrodynamic GPS Orbital Navigator Satellite (DRAGONSat) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2009-06-12 at the Wayback Machine
  311. ↑ Middeck Active Control Experiment-II (MACE-II) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  312. ↑ Synchronized Position Hold, Engage, Reorient, Experimental Satellites (SPHERES) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-23 at the Wayback Machine
  313. ↑ Space Test Program-H2-Microelectromechanical System-Based (MEMS) PICOSAT Inspector (STP-H2-MEPSI) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  314. ↑ Space Test Program-H2-Radar Fence Transponder (STP-H2-RAFT) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  315. ↑ Elastic Memory Composite Hinge (EMCH) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  316. ↑ In Space Soldering Investigation (ISSI) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  317. ↑ Pico-Satellite Solar Cell Experiment (PSSC) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  318. ↑ Rigidizable Inflatable Get-Away-Special Experiment (RIGEX) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2008-03-27 at the Wayback Machine
  319. ↑ RIGEX summary - NASA
  320. ↑ DTIC paper on RIGEX
  321. ↑ Boiling eXperiment Facility - Microheater Array Boiling Experiment (BXF-MABE) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  322. ↑ Boiling eXperiment Facility - Nucleate Pool Boiling eXperiment (BXF-NPBX) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  323. ↑ Dust and Aerosol Measurement Feasibility Test (DAFT) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  324. ↑ Delay Tolerant Networking (DTN) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-07-21 at the Wayback Machine
  325. ↑ Maui Analysis of Upper Atmospheric Injections (MAUI) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  326. ↑ Multi-User Droplet Combustion Apparatus - Flame Extinguishment Experiment (MDCA-FLEX) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  327. ↑ Smoke and Aerosol Measurement Experiment (SAME) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  328. ↑ Space Communications and Navigation Testbed (SCAN_Testbed) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  329. ↑ Shuttle Exhaust Ion Turbulence Experiments (SEITE) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2009-10-29 at the Wayback Machine
  330. ↑ Shuttle Ionospheric Modification with Pulsed Localized Exhaust Experiments (SIMPLEX) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2009-10-29 at the Wayback Machine
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  355. ↑ Education - How Solar Cells Work (Education-Solar_Cells) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  356. ↑ International Space Station Inflight Education Downlinks (Inflight_Education_Downlinks) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  357. ↑ Anomalous Long Term Effects in Astronauts' - Dosimetry (ALTEA-Dosi) (ISS Experiment) - NASA Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
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  453. ↑ Kontur (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»
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