Senecio gallicus

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Senecio gallicus
Senecio gallicus.jpg
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Senecio
Species:
S. gallicus
Binomial name
Senecio gallicus
Synonyms

Senecio gallicusVill. [1]
Senecio alboranicusMaire
Senecio difficilisDufour
Senecio exsquameusBrot. [2]

Contents

Senecio gallicus, an annual plant of the genus Senecio and family Asteraceae, is a species that colonizes isolated habitats with difficult environmental conditions. It is widespread across southern France and the Iberian Peninsula in deserts and xeric shrublands, on steppes and salty dry coastal plains. S. gallicus is playing a predominant role in shaping patterns of genetic structure by presenting models of historical associations among population rather than patterns of ongoing gene flow. [3]

Common names

Description

Senecio gallicus has had more phylogenetic description because it is an exceptional species among halotypes with a known intraspecific phylogeographic structure which is also species specific. [5] Comparisons of allozyme and chloroplast variation in this species indicate that it persisted in Pleistocene coastal refugia during glaciation periods. [3]

The Endangered One
Senecio alboranicus, or azuzón de Alborán, is reported to be endemic to and critically endangered on Isla de Alborán by ICUN. Alborán is 7.1 hectares [6] and 600 metres (660 yd) by 265 metres (290 yd) of volcanic extrusion situated 48 kilometres (30 mi) from the port of Adra, Almería on the Spanish coast and 39 kilometres (24 mi) from the Melilla on the African coast [7] (previously Morocco). [6] S. alboranicus is one of the 26 plants, 20 vascular plants and 6 lichen cited as having inhabited the island, although, not all at the same time. [8]
Range of S. alboranicus on 7.1 hectares Range of Senecio alboranicus-Native.svg
Range of S. alboranicus on 7.1 hectares
Typical of the tenacious genus Senecio, the small shrub Azuzón de Alborán colonizes areas that could be described as disturbed and unstabilized as it does live where there is an accumulation of volcanic ashes and shell laden sand, historically perturbed by natural events and human activities. [6] Also typical, this species produces three generations of plants each year and is non-competitive; the middle generation of S. alboranicus shares its part of the island with Lavatera mauritanica and Anacyclus alboranensis . Atypical of the genus, this species is a halophile, growing in soils with a known high concentration of salt. [9]
Azuzón de Alborán can be found growing at altitudes between 0 metres (0 ft) and 15 metres (49 ft). [7] The restricted size of the island and the rarity of the habitat make azuzón de Alborán particularly vulnerable to changes. Climatic conditions (quantity and distribution of rain, soil salinity, etc.) and human activities [6] (the lighthouse was once staffed); [7] there have been large fluctuations in the numbers of individuals each year. These fluctuations affect not only the number of individual plants but also their size and the number of flowers. The decline of this species could be caused by alterations generated by human presence (military occupancy, artificial environments, etc.) in addition to events like natural changes or biotic threats (competition, parasitism, diseases, etc.), [6] alterations which probably not coincidentally describe many of the conditions that occurred from the mapping those years. [9]
Isla de Alborán is a protected area, [7] a marine park and an important ecological area for the Mediterranean and is especially protected by the Barcelona Convention. [10] Azuzón de Alborán is listed in Appendix I [11] of Bern Convention. [6] A permit is needed from the Ministry of Defence to visit Azuzón de Alborán on its island. [7]

Distribution

Specimens of Senecio gallicus have been collected at altitudes of 15 metres (50 ft) [7] and 1,400 metres (4,600 ft) [1] above sea level.

Native
Palearctic :
Southwestern Europe: Alboran, Formentera, Ibiza, Italy, France, Monaco, Morocco, Portugal, Spain
Naturalized and Native
Palearctic :
Western Asia: Israel
Southwestern Europe: Alboran, Formentera, Ibiza, Italy, France, Monaco, Morocco, Portugal, Sicily, Spain
Middle Europe: Belgium
North Europe: Sweden [2]

Others

Synonyms
  • Senecio gallicus Chaix var. calyculatus Emb. & Maire status incertain
  • Senecio gallicus Chaix var. laxiflorus DC. status incertain
  • Senecio gallicus Chaix var. sonchifolius Ball status incertain
Infraspecific names
  • Senecio gallicus Chaix subsp. gallicus
  • Senecio gallicus Chaix var. calyculatus Emb. & Maire
  • Senecio gallicus Chaix var. laxiflorus DC.
  • Senecio gallicus Chaix var. sonchifolius Ball [12]

Related Research Articles

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<i>Jacobaea maritima</i> Species of flowering plant

Jacobaea maritima, commonly known as silver ragwort, is a perennial plant species in the genus Jacobaea in the family Asteraceae, native to the Mediterranean region. It was formerly placed in the genus Senecio, and is still widely referred to as Senecio cineraria; see the list of synonyms (right) for other names.

<i>Orchis mascula</i> Species of flowering plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae

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<i>Juniperus phoenicea</i> Species of conifer in the cypress family Cupressaceae

Juniperus phoenicea, the Phoenicean juniper or Arâr, is a juniper found throughout the Mediterranean region, from Morocco and Portugal east to Croatia, Italy, Turkey and Egypt, south on the mountains of Lebanon, the Palestine region and in western Saudi Arabia near the Red Sea, and also on Madeira and the Canary Islands. It mostly grows at low altitudes close to the coast, but reaches 2,400 metres (7,900 ft) altitude in the south of its range in the Atlas Mountains. It is the vegetable symbol of the island of El Hierro.

<i>Dendrosenecio keniodendron</i> Species of flowering plant

Dendrosenecio keniodendron or giant groundsel is a species of the genus Dendrosenecio of the large family Asteraceae and is one of the several species of giant groundsels endemic to the high altitudes of the Afrotropic, including Dendrosenecio johnstonii (Senecio battiscombei) occurring on Mount Kilimanjaro, Mount Kenya, and the Aberdare Mountains, Dendrosenecio keniensis occurring the lower alpine zone of Mount Kenya and D. keniodendron occurring in higher and drier sites on Mount Kenya. The giant rosette plants, sometimes 6 metres (20 ft) tall, often grow in even-sized stands, with different understory communities under different-aged stands.

<i>Senecio squalidus</i> Species of flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae

Senecio squalidus, known as Oxford ragwort, is a flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae. It is a yellow-flowered herbaceous plant, native to mountainous, rocky or volcanic areas, that has managed to find other homes on man-made and natural piles of rocks, war-ruined neighborhoods and even on stone walls. These habitats resemble its well drained natural rocky homeland. The plants have spread via the wind, rail and the activities of botanists. The travels of this short-lived perennial, biennial, or winter annual make it a good subject for studies of the evolution and ecology of flowering plants.

<i>Senecio flaccidus</i> Species of flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae

Senecio flaccidus, formerly recorded as Senecio douglasii, member of the daisy family and genus Senecio also known as threadleaf ragwort, is a native of the southwestern Great Plains of North America.

<i>Senecio brasiliensis</i> Species of flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae

Senecio brasiliensis, known by the common name flor-das-almas, (flower-of-souls), is a perennial species of the genus Senecio and family Asteraceae. It is native to fields and meadows of central South America.

<i>Senecio angulatus</i> Species of flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae

Senecio angulatus, also known as creeping groundsel and Cape ivy, is a succulent flowering plant in the daisy family that is native to South Africa. Cape ivy is a scrambling and a twining herb that can become an aggressive weed once established, making it an invasive species. It has been naturalised in the Mediterranean Basin, where it is grown as an ornamental plant for its satiny foliage and sweet-scented flowers.

<i>Senecio vernalis</i> Species of flowering plant

Senecio vernalis is one of the European species of Senecio, an annual that is also known as eastern groundsel. While it has been long classified as Senecio vernalis, this species has more recently been described as a subspecies of Senecio leucanthemifolius and is now included by some in that species.

<i>Senecio glaucus</i> Species of flowering plant

Senecio glaucus is an annual member of the Asteraceae and species of the genus Senecio that grows in the desert

<i>Juncus acutus</i> Species of grass

Juncus acutus, the spiny rush, sharp rush or sharp-pointed rush, is a flowering plant in the monocot family Juncaceae.

<i>Dendrosenecio kilimanjari</i> Species of flowering plant

Dendrosenecio kilimanjari is a giant groundsel found on Mount Kilimanjaro in Africa, below 4,000 metres (13,000 ft).

References

  1. 1 2 Aluka. "Senecio gallicus Chaix [family COMPOSITAE]". African Plants. Ithaka Harbors, Inc. Retrieved 2008-04-22.
  2. 1 2 Botanic Garden & Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem. "Details for: Senecio gallicus". Euro+Med PlantBase. Freie Universität Berlin . Retrieved 2008-04-22.
  3. 1 2 Thompson, John D (March 1999). "Population differentiation in Mediterranean plants: insights into colonization history and the evolution and conservation of endemic species". Heredity . 82 (3): 229–236. doi: 10.1038/sj.hdy.6885040 . PMID   10336696.
  4. BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
  5. Comes, Hans Peter; Richard J. Abbott (October 2001). "Molecular Phylogeography, Reticulation, and Lineage Sorting in Mediterranean Senecio Sect. Senecio (Asteraceae)". Evolution . 55 (10): 1943–1962. doi:10.1554/0014-3820(2001)055[1943:MPRALS]2.0.CO;2. ISSN   0014-3820. PMID   11761056.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Moreno Saiz, J.C. (2006). "Senecio alboranicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2006: e.T61626A12526844. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2006.RLTS.T61626A12526844.en . Retrieved 16 November 2021.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Alborán Natural Area". Natural Parks - Almeria Province. Andalucia Com SL. Retrieved 2008-02-29.
  8. Juan F. Mota; M.Encarna Merlo; Ana J. Sola & M.Luisa Jiménez-Sánchez et Joaquín Valero. "Diapositiva 1" (PDF) (in Spanish). Gijón City Council. Retrieved 2008-02-29.
  9. 1 2 Juan F. Mota; Antonio Mendoza; Juan A. Garrido-Becerra; Fabián Martínez-Hernández; Ana J. Sola; Joaquín Valero; M. Luisa Jiménez-Sánchez. Capitulo VIII Tapiz viviente: La vegetación terrestre (PDF) (in Spanish). ISBN   978-84-96329-92-8 . Retrieved 2008-02-29.
  10. Barcelona Convention (1997-03-03). "Council Regulation (EC) No 338/97". Official Journal L 061. pp. 0001–0069. Retrieved 2008-02-29.
  11. Council of Europe (2002-03-01). "APPENDIX I / ANNEXE I". Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats . Retrieved 2008-02-29.
  12. "Senecio gallicus Chaix. record n° 98633". African plants database. South African National Biodiversity Institute, the Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève and Tela Botanica. Retrieved 2008-04-22.

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