Sepik Iwam | |
---|---|
Yawenian | |
Region | East Sepik Province |
Native speakers | 2,500 (2000 census) [1] |
Sepik
| |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | iws |
Glottolog | sepi1255 |
ELP | Sepik Iwam |
Coordinates: 4°17′28″S142°00′36″E / 4.291°S 142.01°E |
Hauna pidgin | |
---|---|
Region | East Sepik Province |
Native speakers | None |
Iwam-based pidgin | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | None (mis ) |
Glottolog | haun1238 |
Sepik Iwam, or Yawenian, is a language of Papua New Guinea. It is the lexical basis of the Hauna trade pidgin.
It is spoken in villages such as Iniok ( 4°17′28″S142°00′36″E / 4.291°S 142.01°E ) in Tunap/Hunstein Rural LLG of East Sepik Province. [2] [3]
Labial | Alveolar | Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | |||
Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | |
voiced | b | d | ɡ | ||
Fricative | s | h | |||
Liquid | r | ||||
Semivowel | w | j |
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i | u | |
Mid | e | ə | o |
Open | a |
Sepik Iwam pronouns: [4] : 282
singular | dual | plural | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | ka | kərar | kəram | |
2nd person | kə | kow | kom | |
3rd person | masculine | si | sow | səm |
feminine | sa |
Sepik Iwam subject agreement suffixes are: [4]
singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
masculine | *-ən | *-o | *-əm |
feminine | *-a |
The structure of this subject agreement paradigm can be traced back to Proto-Sepik, although the morphemes themselves do not seem to be directly related to the reconstructed Proto-Sepik forms. (See also Sepik languages#Gender .)
Like May River Iwam, Sepik Iwam has periodic tense, for instance the matutinal -iyakwok. [5] [6]
Abau is a Papuan language spoken in southern Sandaun Province of Papua New Guinea, primarily along the border with Indonesia.
The Sepik–Ramu languages are an obsolete language family of New Guinea linking the Sepik, Ramu, Nor–Pondo, Leonhard Schultze (Walio–Papi) and Yuat families, together with the Taiap language isolate, and proposed by Donald Laycock and John Z'graggen in 1975.
The Senagi languages are a small family of Papuan languages in the classification of Malcolm Ross, that had been part of Stephen Wurm's Trans–New Guinea proposal. They consist of the two languages Angor and Dera.
The Ramu–Lower Sepika.k.a.Lower Sepik–Ramu languages are a proposed family of about 35 Papuan languages spoken in the Ramu and Sepik river basins of northern Papua New Guinea. These languages tend to have simple phonologies, with few consonants or vowels and usually no tones.
The Sepik or Sepik River languages are a family of some 50 Papuan languages spoken in the Sepik river basin of northern Papua New Guinea, proposed by Donald Laycock in 1965 in a somewhat more limited form than presented here. They tend to have simple phonologies, with few consonants or vowels and usually no tones.
The Yuat languages are an independent family of five Papuan languages spoken along the Yuat River in East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea. They are an independent family in the classification of Malcolm Ross, but are included in Stephen Wurm's Sepik–Ramu proposal. However, Foley and Ross could find no lexical or morphological evidence that they are related to the Sepik or Ramu languages.
The Busa language, also known as Odiai (Uriai), is spoken in three hamlets of northwestern Papua New Guinea. There were 244 speakers at the time of the 2000 census. One of the hamlets where Busa is spoken is Busa in Rawei ward, Green River Rural LLG, Sandaun Province.
Amal is a language spoken along the border of Sandaun Province and East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea, along the Wagana River near the confluence with Wanibe Creek. Foley (2018) classifies Amal as a primary branch of the Sepik languages, though it is quite close to Kalou.
May River Iwam, often simply referred to as Iwam, is a language of East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea.
The Upper Sepik languages are a group of ten to a dozen languages generally classified among the Sepik languages of northern Papua New Guinea.
The Ottilien or Watam-Awar-Gamay languages are a small family of clearly related languages,
Awtuw (Autu), also known as Kamnum, is spoken in Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea. It is a polysynthetic language closely related to Karawa and Pouye. It is spoken in Galkutua, Gutaiya, Kamnom, Tubum, and Wiup villages in Kamnom East ward, East Wapei Rural LLG, Sandaun Province.
Mehek is a Tama language spoken by about 6300 people in a somewhat mountainous area along the southern base of the Torricelli Mountains in northwestern Papua New Guinea. Mehek is spoken in six villages of Sandaun Province: Nuku, Yiminum, Mansuku, Yifkindu, Wilwil, and Kafle. Mehek is most closely related to Pahi, with 51% lexical similarity, and spoken approximately 20 kilometers to the southwest. Mehek is a fairly typical Papuan language, being verb-final, having a relatively simple phonology, and agglutinative morphology. There is very little published information about Mehek. The literacy rate in Tok Pisin, spoken by nearly everyone, is 50-75%. Mehek is not written, so there is no literacy in Mehek. Tok Pisin is primarily used in the schools, with 50% children attending. There is also a sign language used by the large number of deaf people in the Mehek community.
Kwomtari is the eponymous language of the Kwomtari family of Papua New Guinea.
The Lower Ramu or Ottilien–Misegian languages consist of two branches in the Ramu language family. They are all spoken in Yawar Rural LLG, Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.
Kambota.k.a.Ap Ma, is a Keram language of Papua New Guinea. Compared to its nearest relative, Ambakich, Kambot drops the first segment from polysyllabic words.
Yetfa and Biksi are dialects of a language spoken in Jetfa District, Pegunungan Bintang Regency, Highland Papua, Indonesia, and across the border in Papua New Guinea. It is a trade language spoken in Western New Guinea up to the PNG border.
Yessan-Mayo is a Papuan language spoken by 2000 people in Papua New Guinea. It is spoken in Maio and Yessan villages of Yessan ward, Ambunti Rural LLG, East Sepik Province.
Chenapian (Chenap) is a Papuan language of East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea. It is spoken in Chepanian (Sanapian) village, Ambunti Rural LLG.
Tunap/Hunstein Rural LLG is a local-level government (LLG) of East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea. The LLG is home to speakers of many different Left May languages and Sepik languages.
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