Shoney's

Last updated

Shoney’s North America, LLC
Shoney's
Company type Private
Industry Restaurant
Genre Family dining
Founded1947;77 years ago (1947) in Charleston, West Virginia, United States (Parkette);
1959;65 years ago (1959) in Madison, Tennessee, United States (Danner Foods)
Founders Alex Schoenbaum
Raymond L. Danner, Sr.
Headquarters
Nashville, Tennessee
Key people
David Davoudpour, CEO
Products Breakfast foods, Appetizers, Burgers, Sandwiches, Chicken, Seafood, Pulled Pork, and Desserts [1]
RevenueIncrease2.svg US$388.16 million (2019 [2] )
OwnerDavid Davoudpour
Number of employees
2,500 (2019 [2] )
Website www.shoneys.com

Shoney's is an American restaurant chain headquartered in Nashville, Tennessee. As of April 2024, the company operates 58 locations in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia.

Contents

Founder Alex Schoenbaum opened the first Parkette Drive-In in 1947, and became a licensee of Big Boy Restaurants in 1952. Two years later the name was changed to Shoney's, and aggressive subfranchising followed. Thirty years later, having outgrown its Big Boy territory, Shoney's dropped the Big Boy affiliation.

History

1947-1958: early years as Big Boy franchisee

In 1947, Alex Schoenbaum opened the Parkette Drive-In next to his father's bowling alley in Charleston, West Virginia. [3] After meeting with Big Boy founder Bob Wian in 1951, Schoenbaum became a Big Boy franchisee on February 7, 1952, now calling his several locations the Parkette Big Boy Shoppes. [4] [5] In May 1954, a public "Name the Parkette Big Boy Contest" was announced, and in June 1954 Schoenbaum's five Parkette Drive-Ins were rebranded as Shoney's. [6] [7]

Shoney's (the Parkette) was originally the Big Boy franchisee for West Virginia; [8] however, Schoenbaum rapidly grew the chain through subfranchising, expanding his Big Boy territory through the southeastern United States, excluding Florida where the rights already belonged to fellow Big Boy franchisee Frisch's.

Schoenbaum's earliest subfranchisees operated under their own names. In 1955, Leonard Goldstein became a subfranchisee in Roanoke, Virginia. Originally operating as Shoney's, he eventually changed to Lendy's Big Boy after another Shoney's subfranchisee called Yoda's Big Boy opened across town. In 1956 a subfranchise was sold to the Boury brothers in northern West Virginia, who operated as Elby's. [9] Elby's, Lendy's, and Yoda's units were originally listed with Shoney's units on the back of the Shoney's menu. [10] Also in 1956, Schoenbaum sold a subfranchise to Abe Becker in Rochester, New York, for Becker's Big Boy. Two Philadelphia area subfranchises, Tunes and Arnold's, were opened during this period as well. In 1959 subfranchisee Abe Adler opened Adler's Big Boy in Lynchburg, Virginia, which was later sold to Lendy's. [11] [12] Also in 1959 Shap's Big Boy was subfranchised in Chattanooga, Tennessee, later assuming the Shoney's name. [13] After this, all subfranchises went by the name Shoney's.

A Shoney's franchisee purchased the parent company in 1971. Under his leadership Shoney's doubled in size every four years, eventually operating or licensing over one third of the Big Boy restaurants nationwide. [14] [15]

1959-1975: expansion of Shoney's and going public

Selling vending machines in the late 1950s, Ray Danner noticed the popularity of Frisch's Big Boy and other drive–in restaurants. Danner, who had operated small businesses, wanted a single Big Boy in his hometown of Louisville, Kentucky. Because Frisch's had a Louisville franchisee, he and business partner James Craft contacted Alex Schoenbaum and bought the Shoney's Nashville franchise for $1000. [16] In 1959, the pair opened their first Shoney's Big Boy in Madison, a Nashville suburb, built four more by 1961, [17] and a total of seven Shoney's Big Boys when Danner bought Craft's interest. [16] Then known as Shoney's Big Boy of Middle Tennessee, by 1966 the company operated 10 Big Boys. That year Danner acquired the Louisville Kentucky Fried Chicken franchise, which would grow to 22 stores over 15 years. [16] [18]

Shoney's in Hendersonville, Tennessee. Shoney's in Hendersonville, Tennessee.jpg
Shoney's in Hendersonville, Tennessee.

In 1969, Shoney's Big Boy of Middle Tennessee and the KFC subsidiary became a public company and was renamed Danner Foods, Inc., with Danner as president. [19] The company now included 14 Big Boy restaurants, and by 1970, added one Big Boy in Columbus, Georgia and another in Opelika, Alabama. [20] Danner wanted additional Shoney's territory but Schoenbaum was developing those areas himself, so the company opened a similar "Danner's Family Restaurant" in Louisville, the first of several. [21]

Danner Foods opened a fast-food seafood and hamburger concept, Mr. D's Seafood and Hamburgers. [22] Launched on August 15, 1969, 9 stores would open by January 1971, growing to 32 stores by 1975, when Danner's namesake Mr. D's would remove hamburgers from the menu, focusing on seafood entirely and being renamed Captain D's, along with franchises being offered. [23] [20] [24] By 1977, over 140 restaurants had opened and "Hamburger" was dropped from the "Captain D's Seafood" name. [23] The number of Captain D's restaurants would quadruple over the following decade. [25] Danner Foods also opened Mr. D's Islander Restaurant in Huntsville, Alabama, which offered gourmet dining including seafood, steaks and Cantonese cuisine. [26]

By 1971, Danner's company had become the second largest Shoney's franchisee by number of units. [27] That year, Danner Foods bought the Shoney's trademark and assets from Alex Schoenbaum, Danner becoming president and CEO, moving the headquarters and commissary from Charleston to Nashville; Danner also changed the legal name of the companies from Shoney's Big Boy Franchising Companies, Inc., Parkette Commissary, Inc. and his Danner Foods, Inc. to Shoney's Big Boy Enterprises, Inc.. [16] [28] Schoenbaum became Chairman of the board of directors. As director of a public company, he was forced to close his personally owned Shoney's #1, the original Parkette Drive–in, by 1975. [29]

1976-2006: leaving Big Boy and bankruptcy

In 1976, five years after being renamed Shoney's Big Boy Enterprises, Inc., stockholders approved changing the company name to Shoney's, Inc. Shoney's said this reflected the company's diverse food service brands, but added, "Shoney's is not the southern reincarnation of Frisch's Big Boy." [30] However, as Schoenbaum's wife Betty said, the change would permit Shoney's to continue expansion beyond the boundary of its Big Boy territory. [8]

In 1978, the several Danner's Family Restaurants in Louisville, were renamed Danner's Towne and Country [31] using logos increasingly similar to Shoney's. [32] [33] In 1982, the company opened two Towne and Country restaurants in Tallahassee, Florida, also Frisch's Big Boy territory, but these were co–branded as Shoney's Towne and Country. [34] This caused Frisch's to sue for unfair competition, claiming a strong association of both the "Shoney's" name and "Towne and Country" concept with "Big Boy". [35] Frisch's had already filed similar civil actions against the Wheeling, West Virginia–based Elby's Big Boy franchise, which in 1971, broke ties with Frisch's and operated non–Big Boy Elby's restaurants in Ohio. [36] In March 1984, a Federal district court denied Frisch's request for a temporary injunction blocking Shoney's building additional units in Kentucky and Florida. [37] (Frisch's appealed, but in April 1985, a Federal appeals court affirmed the ruling. [38] )

After Big Boy was removed from the company name in 1976, the Big Boy was becoming less and less prominent at Shoney's, disappearing completely from the company's 1983 annual report. Once called "a meal in one on a double–deck bun", [39] [40] a company official now called the Big Boy hamburger, "a Depression burger, a lot of bread and no meat". [35] Following the March 1984 federal court ruling favoring Shoney's, [37] Marriott Corporation, then owner of the Big Boy trademark, negotiated a settlement that would allow Shoney's to buy out its Big Boy franchise agreement. [15] And in April 1984, Shoney's withdrew from the Big Boy system, paying Marriott $13 million (equivalent to $38.1 million in 2023). [15] (In August 1984, Elby's likewise dropped its remaining Big Boy affiliation in West Virginia and Pennsylvania.) At the time Shoney's was the largest Big Boy franchise, with 392 Shoney's Big Boy Restaurants, representing more than a third of the national Big Boy chain. [15] Like the former Big Boy stores, the Towne and Country units were renamed simply Shoney's. [41] [42] Additional Shoney's restaurants opened in Frisch's Big Boy territory, three in the Cincinnati area, with plans to open three more annually until the market was saturated. [43]

Racial discrimination

In April 1989, a class action lawsuit was filed in Pensacola, Florida, charging Shoney's with widespread racial discrimination in which African American applicants were denied employment, and African American employees were denied promotion, harassed or terminated without cause, based on race, and that white managers were harassed or terminated for objecting to the practices. [44] [45] The case, joined by the NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund, was filed by nine named plaintiffs: five black employees and four white managers. [46]

The lawsuit claimed that racial policies were systemic, involving upper management including chairman Ray Danner, who was named individually as a co-defendant. [47] On restaurant visits, Danner would allegedly tell managers to "lighten the place up" if he felt too many blacks were employed at the location, [48] as "the number of blacks [needed] to coincide with [the] neighborhood ethnic group". Restaurant managers testified that Danner didn't want blacks seen by customers, because no one wanted to eat at a restaurant where "a bunch of niggers" were working. [49] [48] (Danner responded that he could not remember making such statements, and denied use of the racial epithet or having such racial policies.) Managers also testified that company officials instructed them to "blacken the 'o' " in the Shoney's logo (or the "A" in Application) on job applications of African Americans. [48]

In 1993, the court approved an award of $105 million, ($132.5 million including costs and fees) the largest discrimination settlement at the time. [44] [45] [48] [50] Danner, who in the interim became a life member of the NAACP, [51] surrendered shares of company stock worth $65 million toward the settlement, [52] and resigned from Shoney's board of directors. [51] The court also ordered a detailed company-wide affirmative action program, including training and educational programs. [53]

Among an estimated 40 thousand persons in the class, compensation was awarded to every African American person employed at Shoney's company-owned restaurants between February 4, 1985, and November 3, 1992. Eleven persons received the maximum $100,000, [45] (equivalent to $211,000in 2023). The suit included company-owned food service operations such as Shoney's, Captain D's and Lee's Famous Recipe, but excluded franchised restaurants. [54] [55]

At its peak in 1998, the restaurant chain operated or franchised over 1,800 restaurants in 34 states. None of those businesses remains a part of the Shoney's restaurant enterprise today. In 2000, the company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection and was acquired by Texas-based investment group Lone Star Funds two years later. [56]

2007 to present: new ownership and rebranding

On January 1, 2007, Lone Star announced that the Shoney's chain - at this point down to 272 restaurants - was being sold to David Davoudpour, founder and CEO of the Atlanta-based Royal Capital Corporation, the largest franchisee of Church's Chicken restaurants. [57] At the time of purchase, there were 61 corporate owned stores. Davoudpour began purchasing franchisee locations and rebranding the restaurants, including offering new menu items and upgrades to individual locations. [58]

In January 2014, Shoney's opened a location in Sugarloaf Mills in Lawrenceville, Georgia. [59] The restaurant served as a prototype for the company brand, offering alcohol service and being the company's first mall-based location. At the time of the opening, Shoney's operated 165 restaurants in 16 states. [60] In 2017, the chain began modernizing locations with a contemporary look. [61] As of 2019, Shoney's operates locations in 17 states. [62] It also had "Shoney's On The Go" for takeout orders which is used in smaller locations such as malls and airports. [59]

Shoney's is a family casual restaurant, offering traditional American-style food such as hamburgers, chicken, steaks, fish, sandwiches, salads and desserts. [59] [63] Some of its iconic menu items include the All American Burger, Slim Jim Sandwich, hot fudge cake [64] and strawberry pie. [65] Shoney's also became known for its breakfast bar beginning in the 1980s. [63] It offers full-menu dining service with some locations having buffets and alcohol service.

Shoney's Inn

In 1975, the restaurant chain founded Shoney's Inn, a motel chain. After the motels were sold off in 1991, Shoney's continued to collect royalties on the name. Between 2002 and 2006, the last remaining Shoney's Inns were re-branded as GuestHouse. [66] [67]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arthur Treacher's</span> American fast food seafood restaurant chain

Arthur Treacher's Fish & Chips is an American fast food seafood restaurant and former chain. At the peak of its popularity in the late 1970s, it had 826 stores. However, as of March 2023, there were only three stand-alone Arthur Treacher's locations remaining. The menu offers fried seafood or chicken, accompanied by chips.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hardee's</span> American-based fast-food restaurant chain

Hardee's Restaurants LLC is an American fast-food restaurant chain operated by CKE Restaurants Holdings, Inc. ("CKE") with locations primarily in the Southern and Midwestern United States. The company has evolved through several corporate ownerships since its establishment in 1960 in North Carolina.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">A&W Restaurants</span> American fast food chain

A&W Restaurants, Inc. is an American fast food restaurant chain distinguished by its burgers, draft root beer and root beer floats. The oldest extant restaurant chain in the United States, A&W's origins date back to 1919 when Roy W. Allen set up a roadside drink stand to offer a new thick and creamy drink, root beer, at a parade honoring returning World War I veterans in Lodi, California. Allen's employee Frank Wright partnered with him in 1922 and they founded their first restaurant in Sacramento, California, in 1923. The company name was taken from the initials of their last names – Allen and Wright. The company became famous in the United States for its "frosty mugs" – the mugs were kept in a freezer and filled with A&W Root Beer just before being served to customers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Roy Rogers Restaurants</span> American fast food restaurant chain

Roy Rogers Franchise Company, LLC is a chain of fast food restaurants primarily located in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern United States. The chain originated as the rebranding of the RoBee's House of Beef chain of Fort Wayne, Indiana, acquired by the Marriott Corporation in February 1968. However, Marriott first used the Roy Rogers Roast Beef name on conversions of the company's Junior Hot Shoppes in the Washington, D.C. area in April 1968, then the existing RoBee's stores. An aggressive nationwide franchising campaign was launched. At its peak, the chain included over 600 locations. The chain now has 37 locations in six states, either company owned or franchised.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Big Boy Restaurants</span> American restaurant chain

Big Boy Restaurant Group, LLC, doing business as Big Boy, is an American casual dining restaurant chain headquartered in Southfield, Michigan. The Big Boy name, design aesthetic, and menu were previously licensed to a number of regional franchisees.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Captain D's</span> U.S.-based restaurant chain

Captain Ds, LLC. is an American fast casual restaurant chain that specializes in seafood and is headquartered in Nashville, Tennessee. The chain was founded as Mr. D's Seafood and Hamburgers by Raymond L. Danner Sr. on August 15, 1969, in Donelson, Tennessee. The chain is currently owned by private-equity firm Centre Partners. Captain D's has more than 500 locations in the United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pollo Tropical</span> Restaurant chain

Pollo Tropical is a South Florida-based restaurant chain and franchise specializing in food inspired by Latin-Caribbean cuisine. Founded in 1988, the chain has its headquarters in Doral, Florida, It is best known for marinated and grilled chicken and various sides including black beans and rice, mojo roast pork and more.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eat'n Park</span> United States restaurant chain

Eat'n Park is a restaurant chain based in Homestead, Pennsylvania. As of April 2024, the company operates 56 locations in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. The chain is known for its Smiley Cookies and has adopted the motto, "the place for smiles".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lee's Famous Recipe Chicken</span> American casual dining franchise

Lee's Famous Recipe Chicken is a quick service restaurant franchise founded in 1966 specializing in chicken, homestyle sides, and biscuits.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Frisch's</span> American restaurant chain

Frisch's Restaurants, Inc., doing business as Frisch's Big Boy, is a regional Big Boy restaurant chain with headquarters in Cincinnati, Ohio. For many years a Big Boy franchisee, in 2001, Frisch's became the exclusive owner of the Big Boy trademark in Indiana, Kentucky, and most of Ohio and Tennessee, and is no longer affiliated with Big Boy Restaurant Group. As of April 2024, the company operates 85 locations in Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio. This included multiple Big Boy stores in Cincinnati and Dayton, Ohio. Frisch's is the oldest, longest surviving, and largest regional Big Boy operator, excluding Bob's Big Boy in California, which was the original Big Boy restaurant and franchiser. The last new Frisch's opened in Dry Ridge Kentucky in 2019, therefore 8 stores reopening from COVID-19 around 2022-2023. Many stores closed afterwards, likely due to rising supply chain costs and restaurant demand changes, as well as shifting customer demand away from "diner" restaurants.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Druther's</span> American fast food restaurant

Druther's is a restaurant, formerly a chain of fast food restaurants that began as Burger Queen restaurants started in Winter Haven, Florida in 1956, and then based in Louisville, Kentucky from 1963 until 1981. The name was a play on the word "druthers", and the mascot was a giant female bee named Queenie Bee. In 1981, Burger Queen changed to Druther's restaurants, although the changes were mostly cosmetic. One reason given for the name change was to eliminate the perception that they specialized in only hamburgers when they also had fried chicken and a serve-yourself salad bar. Druther's featured a character named "Andy Dandytale" on its kids meal items. The chain's slogan was "I'd Ruther Go to Druther's Restaurant." As of April 2024, the company operates 1 location in Kentucky.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bob's Big Boy</span> American restaurant chain

Bob's Big Boy is a casual dining restaurant chain founded by Bob Wian in Southern California in 1936, originally named Bob's Pantry. The chain's signature product is the Big Boy hamburger, which Wian created six months after opening his original location. Slicing a bun into three slices and adding two hamburger patties, Wian is credited with creating the original double-decker hamburger.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alex Schoenbaum</span> American businessman

Alex Schoenbaum was an American collegiate football player and businessman in the hospitality industry, eventually operating a chain of restaurants and later, motels. He is best remembered for developing the Shoney's restaurant chain in the southeastern United States, most of which were originally franchised Big Boy locations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wag's</span>

Wag's was a chain of casual dining restaurants owned and operated by Walgreens in the 1970s and 1980s. They were modeled after restaurants like Denny's, Shoney's, and Big Boy in that they were mostly 24-hour establishments specializing in inexpensive fare such as hamburgers and breakfast. The chain was based on smaller restaurants that existed in some of the larger Walgreens stores.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nashville Xpress</span> Former Minor League Baseball team in Nashville, Tennessee

The Nashville Xpress were a Minor League Baseball team of the Southern League and the Double-A affiliate of the Minnesota Twins from 1993 to 1994. They were located in Nashville, Tennessee, and played their home games at Herschel Greer Stadium, sharing the ballpark with the Triple-A Nashville Sounds of the American Association. The Xpress were named for the trains which ran along tracks beyond the outfield wall and the team's sudden arrival and expected departure.

JB's Family Restaurants was a chain of restaurants located in Arizona, Utah, Idaho, Wyoming and Montana. The Tempe, Arizona-based company was originally established in 1961 as a Big Boy restaurants affiliate named JB's Big Boy. The company eventually dropped its Big Boy affiliation in 1988. At its height, there were 104 JB's branded restaurants in 1995. A series of bankruptcies then forced the chain to close in 2019.

Jerry's Restaurants is an American restaurant chain founded by Jerry Lederer, who initially opened the White Tavern restaurant in Kentucky in 1929. Lederer subsequently opened Jerry's in 1946, and franchising began in 1957. Very similar to Big Boy restaurants, Jerry's was located in the Midwest and South. Following a sale of the company in 1990, some Jerry's restaurants were converted to Denny's by the new owners. By 2012, about a dozen locations had remained in Kentucky and southern Indiana, some of which were called Jerry's J-Boy Restaurants. By 2021, only one location remained open, in Paris, Kentucky.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pizza Factory</span> Chain of pizza restaurants

Pizza Factory Inc. is a chain of pizza restaurants in the western United States, based in Oakhurst, California. The company began in 1979, when Danny Wheeler and his wife Carol opened Danny's Red Devil Pizza in Oakhurst. Ron Willey and his wife Joyce subsequently opened a second location in 1981, known as Pizza Factory.

William R. Elliston (1815–1870) was an American planter, slaveholder and politician. He served as a member of the Tennessee House of Representatives from 1845 to 1847. He owned Burlington Plantation in what is now Nashville, Tennessee. An investor in railroads and real estate, Elliston entered his horses in equestrian competitions. The former plantation property was later developed as modern-day Centennial Park, Vanderbilt University and West End Park.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of professional baseball in Nashville, Tennessee</span> History of the citys professional baseball teams

Nashville, Tennessee, has hosted Minor League Baseball (MiLB) teams since the late 19th century but has never been home to a Major League Baseball (MLB) team. The city's professional baseball history dates back to 1884 with the formation of the Nashville Americans, who were charter members of the original Southern League in 1885 and played their home games at Sulphur Spring Park, later renamed Athletic Park and Sulphur Dell. This ballpark was the home of Nashville's minor league teams through 1963. Of the numerous clubs to play there, the best-known and longest-operating was the Nashville Vols, who competed from 1901 to 1963, primarily in the Southern Association.

References

  1. ↑ "Our Menu".
  2. 1 2 Company profile dnb.com
  3. ↑ "Shoneys Inc Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Shoneys Inc". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved July 15, 2016.
  4. ↑ "Parkette Advertisements". Charleston Daily Mail. Charleston WV. February 6, 1952. p. 5. Retrieved February 5, 2017. You Can Get A Parkette Big Boy Tomorrow!
  5. ↑ "Parkette Advertisements". Charleston Daily Mail. Charleston WV. February 7, 1952. pp. multiple. Retrieved February 5, 2017. You Can Now Get A Big Boy At The Parkette. Don't Miss This Sensational Treat![ permanent dead link ]
  6. ↑ "Give The Parkette Big Boy Shoppes A New Name [Advertisement]". Charleston Daily Mail. May 7, 1954. p. 21. Retrieved October 1, 2019– via newspaperarchive.com.
  7. ↑ "Here's the Winners in the "Name The Parkette Big Boy Shoppes" Contest! [Advertisement]". Charleston Daily Mail. June 27, 1954. p. 38. Retrieved October 1, 2019– via newspaperarchive.com.
  8. 1 2 Moore, Kara (Spring 2012). "All-American Tradition". WV Living Magazine. Archived from the original on October 18, 2015.
  9. ↑ Frisch's Restaurant, Inc. v. Elby's Big Boy, 661F.Supp.971 (S.D. Ohio, E.D.1987).
  10. ↑ Shoney's Home of the Nationally Famous Big Boy [Menu]. 1959. back cover. Archived from the original on May 28, 2017. Retrieved October 1, 2019. In West Virginia... Elby's of Wheeling - 2 locations, Elby's of Moundsville... In Virginia... Lendy's of Roanoke, Lendy's of Lynchburg, Yoda's of RoanokeNote: This is a photograph of an early 1960s Shoney's menu cover, which lists then current Shoney's Big Boy restaurants including self-named subfranchises in Shoney's territory.
  11. ↑ "From the archives: Nostalgia on the menu". The News & Advance. Lynchburg, VA. July 22, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2019.
  12. ↑ Teague, Kipp (January 1, 1967), Lendy's Big Boy sign, Wards Road, Lynchburg - 1967 , retrieved July 23, 2019, ...briefly known as Adler's Big Boy (Abe Adler of Lynchburg sold the business to Leonard Goldstein of Roanoke within a year or so of building and opening the restaurant).
  13. ↑ Jolley, Harmon (July 16, 2002). "What Did That Building Used To Be? – Shap's". The Chattanoogan. Archived from the original on May 1, 2014. Retrieved September 30, 2013.
  14. ↑ Sculle, Keith A; Jakle, John A. (2002). Fast Food: Roadside Restaurants in the Automobile Age. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 79. ISBN   9780801869204. Through the 1970s and 1980s, Shoney's, Inc. doubled its size every four years.
  15. 1 2 3 4 ...
    • Zuckerman, David (May 7, 1984). "Shoney's secedes from Big Boy system". Nation's Restaurant News. Penton Media. Archived from the original on July 8, 2012. Retrieved April 15, 2014.
    • "Graph of Shoney's net income since 1974; At Shoney's, details count" . The New York Times. June 8, 1984. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved November 29, 2016. Shoney's started expanding outside of its franchise territory in 1982 by opening coffee shops without Big Boy markings in neighboring states. A fellow Big Boy franchisee sued to stop the move, but after Shoney's won a favorable court ruling in March, Marriott quickly agreed to scrap the franchise agreement for $13 million in cash.
  16. 1 2 3 4 Thompson, Jim (April 8, 1984). "Big Boy's big boy: One man's trek from West End to executive suite". The Courier-Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. p. E1, E3. Retrieved April 21, 2018– via Newspapers.com. part 2
  17. ↑ Cason, Albert (October 20, 1961). "Food firm expands Nashville outlets". Nashville Business. The Tennessean. Nashville, Tennessee. p. 49. Retrieved April 24, 2018– via Newspapers.com. Shoney's Big Boy Drive in Restaurant!, will open its fifth unit here in about four weeks.... Shoney's franchise owners here are Ray Danner and James Craft.... The Shoney's chain Includes approximately 40 restaurants In the southeast. Locally, Danner and Craft opened the first one in Madison Square Shopping Center three years ago.
  18. ↑ "Shoney's celebrates 25th". The Clarksdale Press Register. Clarksdale, Mississippi. January 31, 1984. p. 10. Retrieved April 25, 2018– via Newspapers.com.
  19. ↑ Cason, Albert (April 6, 1969). "Danner Foods, Inc. names financial aide". Nashville Business. The Tennessean (Second ed.). Nashville, Tennessee. p. 12–F. Retrieved April 25, 2018– via Newspapers.com.
  20. 1 2 "Serving the south [advertisement]". The Tennessean. Nashville, Tennessee. January 10, 1971. p. 7. Retrieved April 25, 2018– via Newspapers.com.
  21. ↑ "'Louisville, if you like Danner's you already like Shoney's' [advertisement]". The Courier-Journal (Metro ed.). Louisville, Kentucky. March 5, 1986. p. D–5. Retrieved April 26, 2018– via Newspapers.com.
  22. ↑ "Danner Foods, Inc. opens new chain". Business News. The Daily News-Journal. Murfreesboro, Tennessee. August 28, 1969. p. 5. Retrieved April 25, 2018– via Newspapers.com.
  23. 1 2 "Captain D's, seafood restaurant will open in Greenwood Sept. 7". The Index-Journal. Greenwood, South Carolina. August 31, 1977. p. 6. Retrieved May 9, 2019– via Newspapers.com.
  24. ↑ Cason, Albert (March 25, 1975). "Shoney's Launches Seafood Franchise". Nashville Business. The Tennessean. Nashville. p. 19. Retrieved May 9, 2019– via Newspapers.com.
  25. ↑ "Restaurant Executive [advertisement]". Classifieds. The Atlanta Constitution. June 21, 1987. p. 87–L. Retrieved May 9, 2019– via Newspapers.com. ...one of the nation's leading fast seafood chains with over 550 restaurants in 25 states...
  26. ↑ "5 good reasons [advertisement]". The Tennessean. Nashville, Tennessee. January 11, 1970. p. B+I 3. Retrieved April 25, 2018– via Newspapers.com.
  27. ↑ Tharpe, Gene (October 10, 1971). "Shoney's still a growing 'Big Boy'". The Atlanta Constitution. p. 24–C. Retrieved April 25, 2018– via Newspapers.com.
  28. ↑ "'Involvement' Danner Foods growth secret". The Tennessean. Nashville, Tennessee. January 10, 1971. p. 16. Retrieved April 25, 2018– via Newspapers.com.
  29. ↑ Haas, Richard (December 12, 1975). "End of an era: Shoney's locks doors to 1950s teeny boppers spot". The Charleston Daily Mail. p. 7–A. Retrieved April 26, 2018– via Newspapers.com. The closing was mandated by a 1971 agreement with the Securities and Exchange Commission made at the time Shoney's Big Boy Enterprises sold a public stock issue. Under the agreement, Schoenbaum, Shoney's chairman, and Ray Danner, the company president, agreed to divest themselves of the Shoney's restaurants they owned personally. The SEC would not permit the two to act as both company officials and franchisers[ sic ].
  30. ↑ "Shoney's Changes Corporate Name". The Charleston Daily Mail. October 30, 1976. p. 5B. Retrieved December 17, 2017– via Newspapers.com. Top management ... believes Shoney's is much more than the southern reincarnation of the Frisch's Big Boy.... 'Our company is quite diversified within the food service business ... We believe the new name is less restrictive and more appropriate to the broader operations we have developed'
  31. ↑ Statement of assumed name (PDF), Commonwealthh of Kentucky, Office of Secretary of State, February 27, 1978, archived from the original (PDF) on April 29, 2018, retrieved April 20, 2018, Shoney's ... intends to conduct and transact business in the assumed name of Danner Town and Country
  32. ↑ "Enjoy two delicious Danners dinners for only $7.49 [advertisement]". The Courier-Journal (Indiana ed.). Louisville, Kentucky. January 27, 1982. p. C-15. Retrieved April 20, 2018– via Newspapers.com.
  33. ↑ "12th anniversary specials [advertisement]". The Courier-Journal (Metro ed.). Louisville, Kentucky. March 20, 1983. p. I–5. Retrieved April 25, 2018– via Newspapers.com.
  34. ↑ "Shoney's new chicken supreme dinner $4.99 [advertisement]". Tallahassee Democrat. August 28, 1983. p. 9C. Retrieved April 22, 2018– via Newspapers.com. 2014 Apalachee Pkwy., 2833 N. Monroe St.
  35. 1 2 Silverstein, Stuart (May 20, 1984). "Shoney's going after new markets". The Atlanta Constitution. pp. 1–K, 6–K, 7–K. Retrieved April 22, 2018– via Newspapers.com. part 2, part 3
  36. ↑ Frisch's Restaurant, Inc. v. Elby's Big Boy, 661F.Supp971 , 1265-6(S.D. Ohio1987).
  37. 1 2 "Frisch's denied injunction request". The Cincinnati Enquirer. March 10, 1984. p. C-10. Retrieved April 23, 2018– via Newspapers.com.
  38. ↑ Frisch's Restaurant, Inc. v. Shoney's Inc., 759F.2d1261 (6th Cir.1985)("In the case at bar, the district court concluded that the "Big Boy" mark was neither an indicator of origin nor distinctive, but was "a relatively weak mark".... By emphasizing "Shoney's Big Boy Restaurants", as it did in its advertising, Shoney's has identified itself as the source of the services.").
  39. ↑ "Shoney's Big Boy combination [advertisement]". The Bee. Danville, Virginia. February 6, 1974. p. 12–B. Retrieved April 24, 2018– via Newspapers.com.
  40. ↑ "Shoney's Big Boy special — Tuesday [advertisement]". The Charleston Daily Mail. February 12, 1968. p. 17. Retrieved April 24, 2018– via Newspapers.com.
  41. ↑ Statement of assumed name (PDF), Commonwealthh of Kentucky, Office of Secretary of State, October 14, 1981, archived from the original (PDF) on April 29, 2018, retrieved April 20, 2018, Shoney's ... intends to conduct and transact business in the assumed name of Shoney's Restaurant
  42. ↑ "Louisville if you like Danner's you already like Shoney's [advertisement]". The Courier-Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. March 5, 1986. p. D5. Retrieved April 20, 2018– via Newspapers.com.
  43. ↑ Boyer, Mike (November 20, 1985). "Shoney's squaring off with Frisch's in tristate". The Cincinnati Enquirer. p. D1. Retrieved April 21, 2018– via Newspapers.com.
  44. 1 2 Haynes v. Shoney's, 803F. Supp.393 (N.D. Fla.March 12, 1992).
  45. 1 2 3 Haynes v. Shoney's, WL 19915 (N.D. Fla.January 25, 1993).
  46. ↑ Crawford, J. Craig (April 5, 1989). "Shoney's slapped with job bias suit". The Orlando Sentinel. pp. A-1, A-4. Retrieved April 15, 2018– via Newspapers.com.
  47. ↑ Altman, Burt. "Haynes et al. v. Shoney's, Inc. Papers, 1959-1997". Florida State University Special Collections & Archives. Retrieved April 15, 2018.
  48. 1 2 3 4 Coates, Rodney D. (2004). Race and Ethnicity: Across Time, Space, and Discipline. BRILL. p. 257. ISBN   9004139915 – via Google Books.
  49. ↑ Watkins, Steve (2013). The Black O: Racism and Redemption in an American Corporate Empire. University of Georgia Press. p. 216. ISBN   9780820344034 – via Google Books.
  50. ↑ Kaczor, Bill (January 26, 1993). "Judge approves racial discrimination settlement". Tallahassee Democrat. p. 7B. Retrieved April 15, 2018– via Newspapers.com.
  51. 1 2 Bagli, Charles V. (July 20, 1997). "Siege at the Neighborhood Salad Bar" . The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved April 15, 2018.
  52. ↑ Duke, Lynne (February 5, 1993). "Shoney's bias settlement sends $105 million signal". Washington Post. ISSN   0190-8286 . Retrieved April 15, 2018.
  53. ↑ "Notice of proposed class action settlement and consent decree [legal advertisement]". The Times. Munster, Indiana. November 25, 1992. p. C5. Retrieved April 15, 2018– via Newspapers.com.
  54. ↑ Baxter, Emme Nelson (April 5, 1989). "Suit charges Shoney's with 'hostile, racist' policy towards workers". The Tennessean. p. 6-B. Retrieved April 15, 2018– via Newspapers.com.
  55. ↑ Martin, Tim (July 1, 1993). "Shoney's sparks Danner's anger". The Tennessean. pp. 1-A, 2-A. Retrieved April 15, 2018– via Newspapers.com.
  56. ↑ "Lone Star Funds buys Shoney's restaurant chain" . Business News. The New York Times. January 25, 2002. p. C–1. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved July 15, 2016.
  57. ↑ "Royal Hospitality Acquires Shoney's" (Press release). Business Wire. January 2, 2007. Retrieved April 28, 2018.
  58. ↑ Lee, Wendy (November 26, 2007). "New owner would like to see Shoney's restaurant revived". NWTN Today.
  59. 1 2 3 Williams, G. Chambers (June 11, 2014). "Coming soon to a Shoney's near you – beer and wine". The Tennessean. Nashville, Tennessee. Archived from the original on April 28, 2018. Retrieved April 28, 2018.
  60. ↑ Gentry, Connie (March 2014). "Shoney's Grows its Big-Boy Image with New Prototype". FSR Magazine.
  61. ↑ Snyder, Eric (November 18, 2016). "Nashville-based Shoney's unveils new restaurant design". bizjournals.com. Biz Journals.
  62. ↑ "Multi-Unit Operator Reopens Shoney's Showing Off New Design". Franchising.com. March 27, 2019.
  63. 1 2 Fox, Carrington (August 27, 2009). "Once a beloved brand, Shoney's takes aim at a comeback with new look and menu". Nashville Scene.
  64. ↑ Marsh, Charles (2010). Welcoming Justice: God's Movement Toward Beloved Community. InterVarsity Press. p. 58. ISBN   9780830878390 – via Google Books.
  65. ↑ Rigsby, Sharon (June 26, 2019). "Strawberry pies forever: Chill out with classic summer dessert". Tallahassee Democrat.
  66. ↑ "Shoney's Inns Chain To Become Guesthouse Inns & Suites". Hotel Business. ICD Publications. May 21, 2002. Archived from the original on August 4, 2020. Retrieved August 4, 2020.
  67. ↑ Freed, Jason (January 4, 2011). "Boomerang to relaunch Shoney's Inns". Hotel News Now. Retrieved October 4, 2016.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.