Accor S.A. is a French multinational hospitality company that owns, manages and franchises hotels, resorts and vacation properties.[5] It is the largest hospitality company in Europe, and the sixth largest hospitality company worldwide.[6]
Accor operates 5,584 locations in over 110 countries. Its total capacity is approximately 821,518 rooms (end 2023).[2] It owns and operates brands in many segments of hospitality: Luxury (Raffles, Fairmont, Sofitel), premium (MGallery, Pullman, Swissôtel), midscale (Novotel, Mercure, Adagio), and economy (ibis, hotelF1). Accor also owns companies specialized in digital hospitality and event organization, such as onefinestay, D-Edge, ResDiary, John Paul, Potel & Chabot and Wojo.[4]
The company is headquartered in Issy-les-Moulineaux, France, and is a constituent of the CAC Next 20 index on the Paris stock exchange.[1]
In 1967, Paul Dubrule and Gérard Pélisson founded the hospitality group Société d'investissement et d'exploitation hôteliers (SIEH) and opened the first Novotel hotel outside Lille in northern France.[7][8]
In 1974, the first Ibis hotel was launched in Bordeaux, France. Ibis was then considered a light version of Novotel.[9] In 1975, Novotel-SIEH acquired the restaurant brand Courtepaille and the Mercure hotels. In 1980, Novotel-SIEH acquired the Sofitel hotels (43 hotels).[10] In 1981, Novotel-SIEH entered the Asian market with the opening of a Novotel in Singapore.[11]
1983: Birth of Accor
In 1983, Novotel-SIEH acquired and merged with the group Jacques Borel International to create the Accor group, which was introduced to the Paris stock exchange the same year.[7] Accor is based on the word "Accord" meaning "agreement" in French.[12]
In 1984, Accor bought the Quiberon thalassotherapy center, which became the first of the Thalasso Sea & Spa brand,[13] and acquired the fine catering company Lenôtre the following year.[14] In 1985, the firm launched Formule 1, a brand of low-cost hotels. The buildings themselves were modular blocks manufactured in factories and assembled onsite to minimise costs.[15]
In 1990, the firm acquired the economy lodging company Motel 6 (536 motels in the United States).[12] In 1991, it acquired the Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits, which owned Pullman Hotels and Resorts, Altea, and Europcar.[16] Accor also launched another economy hotel, Etap Hotel.[17] In 1994, it merged the Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits with Carlson Travel Network to create Carlson Wagonlit Travel (now CWT).[18][19]
"Asset-light" realignment
In the mid-90s, Accor shifted its interest towards luxury and premium brands, and moved towards an asset-light model to focus on brand and product management, rather than property management. Economy and midscale brands remained the group's cash cow and enabled it to invest in less profitable but strategic upscale and luxury brands.[20]
In 1997, the firm acquired the casino company SPIC, which became Accor Casino.[17] In 1999, it acquired the US-based economy lodging company Red Roof Inn (322 hotels), and announced the creation of Accor Economy Lodging to bring Motel 6 and Red Roof Inn under one roof.[21] Along with Colony Capital, it acquired the hotel brands Libertel and Demeure (40 properties in Europe).[22] Accor settled in the United Kingdom with the opening of a Sofitel in the previous Cox & Co bank in Central London.[23]
Accor launched the 3-star hotel brand SuiteHotel in 1999.[24] In 2000, Accor took full control of Century International Hotels and Zenith Hotels International in Asia, bringing its number of hotels to 200 in the Asia-Pacific zone.[25] The Sofitel Philadelphia (former Philadelphia Stock Exchange Building) was inaugurated, the first Sofitel to open in the US in a decade.[26] Accor bought 20% of the Polish hotel company Orbis.[27] In 2002, Accor settled in Mexico.[28] In 2004, Accor bought a 28.9% stake in the French all-inclusive holidays' company Club Méditerranée.[29]
In 2005, Gilles Pélisson, nephew of Accor's co-founder Gérard Pélisson, became chairman and CEO.[30] The investment firm Colony Capital invested 1 billion euros in Accor.[31] The firm sold its shares of Club Med in 2006[32] and Red Roof Inn in 2007.[33]
New multi-brand strategy
In 2007, Accor launched the serviced-apartments brand Adagio in a 50/50 venture with Pierre & Vacances,[34] relaunched Pullman as a premium hotel brand,[35] and the Australian All Seasons as a global midscale hotel brand. In 2008, it launched the MGallery collection of upscale "personality" hotels.[36]
In November 2010, Gilles Pélisson was replaced by Denis Hennequin as the head of Accor.[30] Accor split its hotel activities from its voucher activities, Accor Services (which became Edenred and was listed on the stock exchange).[37] Suitehotel was merged with Novotel.[38]
In 2011, Accor revamped the Ibis brand by creating ibis Styles (formerly All Seasons) and ibis budget (formerly Etap Hotel).[39] The group sold the fine catering group Lenôtre,[40] and the Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits. In 2012, the group launched the regional premium brand Grand Mercure in China (MeiJue),[41] and sold Motel 6.[42] In 2013, Accor redefined its group business model on two core competencies: hotel operator and brand franchisor (HotelServices), and hotel owner and investor (HotelInvest).[43] The group acquired the premier apartment hotel brand The Sebel.[44]
In August 2013, Sébastien Bazin became chairman and CEO of Accor.[45] He introduced a new economic model around two poles: HotelServices, which operates and franchises hotels, and HotelInvest, which owns hotels and leads investments.[46]
In 2014, Accor bought a 35% share in Mama Shelter (5 hotels) whose chief designer is Philippe Starck,[34] and signed a strategic alliance with the China Lodging Group (Huazhu Hotels Group - 1900 hotels) to develop its hotel brands in China.[47]
Lifestyle hospitality
In June 2015, Accor changed its name to AccorHotels and announced a new digital strategy to federate its brands.[48]
The firm acquired FRHI Hotels & Resorts in 2015, owner of the Fairmont, Raffles, and Swissôtel luxury hotels.[49] In 2016, AccorHotels acquired the concierge and loyalty service John Paul,[50] the London-based short-term vacation rental company onefinestay,[51] 30% of the German 25hours Hotels, and 30% of the Miami-based accommodations provider Oasis.[52] The firm also launched Jo&Joe in 2016, a new hotel brand aimed at millennials,[53] and signed a strategic alliance with Singapore's Banyan Tree.[54] HotelInvest was spun off.[55]
In 2017, AccorHotels acquired the B2B hotel service provider Gekko,[56] the private sales website for hotel deals VeryChic,[57] and merged Squarebreak and Travel Keys into onefinestay,[58] and launched the MoodMatch app on its website through a partnership with Travelsify.[59] On the same year, AccorHotels also acquired 50% of the Orient Express brand in a move to relaunch it as a luxury hotel brand.[60] the group announced its strategic intention (dubbed Accor Local) to broaden its marketing to locals, instead of targeting only visitors and travelers.[61] It also diversified its portfolio of assets with the acquisition of the fine catering company Potel & Chabot,[62] and the event and entertainment organization company Noctis (renamed Paris Society).[63]
In 2018, AccorHotels sold 55% of HotelInvest for €4.4 billion and renaming it AccorInvest[64] and launched a tender offer to take full control of Orbis.[65] It acquired the Mantra Group (134 hotels under the brands Mantra, Peppers, Breakfree, Art Series),[66] the Mövenpick Hotels & Resorts (84 hotels in 27 countries),[67] and the restaurant reservation and table management company ResDiary.[68] AccorHotels partnered with Katara Hospitality to set up a $1-billion Africa-focused investment fund.[69] China Lodging Group bought 4.5% of AccorHotels.[70]
In 2019, the 21c Museum Hotels that acquired in the previous year were added to the MGallery collection.[71] Its digital marketing companies for hotels (Availpro, Fastbooking) were merged into D-Edge Hospitality Solutions.[72] The group took full control of Orbis (Its subsidiary AccorInvest acquired 98.6% shares of Orbis).[73] Accor launched the new midscale hotel brand Tribe (born under the Mantra Group Management).[74] After buying 50% of the SBE Entertainment Group (owner of Mondrian Hotels) in October 2018, Accor and SBE jointly launched the luxury hotel brand The House of Originals,[75] and the premium hotel brand Hyde in Australia.[76] In September 2019, Accor launched its first environment-conscious hotel brand, greet, with the first hotel opened in April that year in Beaune.[77] On 3 December 2019, Accor repositioned its brand as ALL - Accor Live Limitless. The update merged Accor and its loyalty offering Le Club into one unified brand, ALL.[78]
In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, Accor created CEDA (Coronavirus Emergency Desk Accor), a platform centralizing needs and providing accommodation solutions in France for front-line medical staff and vulnerable populations.[79] The group allocated 70 million euros to launch the ALL Heartist Fund which was designed to assist employees and individual partners experiencing great financial difficulties.[80] Accor and the certification agency Bureau Veritas launched a label guaranteeing high safety and cleanliness measures in the group's hotels and restaurants,[81] and signed a strategic partnership with the insurance company Axa to provide medical assistance to the guests of its hotels worldwide.[82]
In 2020, Accor opened more than 200 new hotels including its flagship Raffles Bali.[83] On 24 November 2020, it announced that it is taking full ownership of SBE's Hotel assets (except Hudson Hotel in New York and Delano in Miami) as part of its simplification and asset-light strategy.[84] It introduced Mövenpick Living as an extension of Mövenpick brand for extended stay segment.[85] The company announced its strategic plan to focus on lifestyle hospitality.[86] In 2021, Accor introduced the SPAC Accor Acquisition Company (AAC) on the Paris stock exchange, raising 300 million euros to lead investments in hotel-related businesses,[87] sold a 1.5% share in the Chinese hotel management company Huazhu,[88] and invested in the Indian tech hospitality company Treebo.[89]
In October 2021, Qatar's Supreme Committee for Delivery & Legacy had signed an agreement with Accor to manage World Cup fan accommodation during the 2022 FIFA World Cup. According to the agreement Accor will provide staff to manage and operate more than 60,000 rooms in apartments and villas.[90] The same month, Accor and Ennismore finalized their joint-venture of 14 hotel brands. Accor was the majority stakeholder (then sold 10.8% to a consortium of Qatari investors[91]), and the founder of Ennismore Sharan Pasricha held a minority stake.[92] Accor and the Italian hotel group Arsenale announced the launch of the Orient Express La Dolce Vita luxury trains.[93] and the groups started to test urban autonomous cars with Citroën and JCDecaux.[94] Accor committed to decarbonize all its operations, aiming 46% emission reduction by 2030 and net zero by 2050, a plan validated by the Science Based Targets Initiative.[95] The group then issued its first sustainability-linked bonds for an amount of 700 million euros.[96]
In 2022, Accor bought Cunard'sQueen Elizabeth 2 from PCFC Hotels[97] and launched its All-Inclusive Collection.[98] In 2023, Accor restructured into two distinct business units: "Economy, Midscale & Premium" unit (Ibis, Novotel, Mercure, Swissôtel, Mövenpick, Pullman, TRIBE from October 2023) and the "Luxury & Lifestyle" organized in four brand collections (Raffles & Orient Express, Fairmont, Sofitel & MGallery, Ennismore).[99] The group sold its remaining stake in H World Group Limited[100] and announced the launch of Orient Express Silenseas, a luxury cruise built with Chantiers de l'Atlantique and planned for delivery March 2026.[101] The construction of the first ship started in March 2024.[102][103]
Sofitel Hotels & Resorts are a French hotel chain of luxury hotels based in Paris, France, and owned by Accor since 1980. Founded in 1964 in France, Sofitel quickly developed worldwide to reach more than 200 properties. In 2008, Sofitel became a brand of luxury hotels only, downsized its property count to 89, and created new brands. Sofitel had 130 properties by January 2023.
Red Roof Inn is an American economy hotel chain based in the United States with over 600 properties globally, primarily in the Midwest, Southern, and Eastern United States. Red Roof Inn is a pet-friendly hotel chain.
Mövenpick Hotels & Resorts is a Swiss hotel management company headquartered in Baar, Switzerland. It is fully owned by Accor since the September 2018 acquisition from former shareholders Mövenpick Holding (66.7%) and the Saudi-based Kingdom Group (33.3%). It operates over 80 properties, including hotels, resorts and Nile cruisers, with another 30 resorts planned or under construction across the Middle East and Asia. The hotel chain serves 5.8 million people per year.
Ibis is a French brand of budget hotels owned by Accor. Created in 1974, Ibis became Accor's "economy megabrand" in 2011 with the rebranding of Ibis Styles and Ibis Budget from All Seasons and Etap Hôtel respectively. As of December 2019, there were 1,218 hotels under the Ibis brand, with 159,180 rooms in total across 70 countries.
HotelF1, stylised as hotelF1 and branded Formule 1 until 2007, is a French budget hotel chain solely operating domestically. It its owned and had been created by Accor in 1984.
Novotel is a French midscale hotel brand owned by Accor. Created in 1967 in France, the company grew into what became the Accor group in 1983, and Novotel remained a pillar brand of Accor's multi-brand strategy. Novotel manages 559 hotels in 65 countries (2021). Since 2010, Novotel also includes the apartment hotel brand Novotel Suites.
Mercure is a French midscale hotel chain owned by Accor. Created in 1973 in France, the brand was acquired by Accor in 1975, and subsequently became a major part of the company's midscale hotel portfolio, alongside Novotel. As of 2021, Mercure operated 949 hotels in 63 countries. Outside Europe, Accor additionally uses the Grand Mercure brand, an upscale subsidiary in currently 12 countries.
The Ascott Limited is a Singaporean real estate and lodging company and a subsidiary of CapitaLand.
onefinestay is a British hospitality company founded in 2009. The company provides a service to homeowners of distinctive and upmarket properties, by enabling them to let out their home to guests while their home is unoccupied.
Ibis Budget is a French budget hotel brand owned by Accor. Created in 1992 in France under the name Etap Hôtel, the brand was renamed Ibis Budget in 2011. As of 2018, Ibis Budget managed 614 hotels in 20 countries.
Orbis is the oldest travel agency in Poland, founded in 1920 in Lwów. Currently, it is the largest hotel group in Poland and Central Europe, and parent company of Orbis S.A. Capital Group, which has nine subsidiaries. Its name comes from a Latin language word Orbis, which means world.
H World Group Limited, formerly Huazhu Hotels Group in English, is a hotel management company in China. In 2010, H World Group was listed on Nasdaq; in September 2020, H World Group achieved a secondary listing on the Main Board of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. and in January 2023, H World was listed in the Hurun China 500 Most Valuable Private Companies 2022 and ranked No. 126. Its headquarters are in Jiading District, Shanghai.
Pullman Hotels and Resorts is a French multinational upscale hotel brand owned by Accor. Pullman has 145 hotels and resorts in 42 countries spread across Africa, the Americas, Asia, Europe, the Middle-East and Oceania.
Ibis Styles is a French budget hotel brand owned by Accor. Created in 1980 in Australia with the name All Seasons, the brand was acquired by Accor in 1999 and renamed Ibis Styles in 2011. As of April 2023, Ibis Styles manages 642 hotels in 51 countries.
Grey Investment Group is a private Samoan tourism company that has assets throughout the Pacific Region. Grey is a dominant company in the Samoan investment market. Some assets are jointly-held with the Government of Samoa; for example, the investments in Virgin Samoa were jointly held with the Government as co-shareholders.
Novotel Manila Araneta City, formerly named Novotel Manila Araneta Center, is a 5-star Hotel located at the Araneta Center in Quezon City, Philippines. The mid-scale, full-service hotel is part of AccorHotels, and the first hotel under the Novotel brand in the Philippines.
Katara Hospitality, formerly known as Qatar National Hotels Company, is the largest hotel owner, developer and operator in Qatar. It is government-owned. As of 2016, the company owns properties in Qatar, Egypt, Morocco, the United Kingdom, France, Italy, Singapore, the Netherlands, the United States, Switzerland, Spain and Thailand. The company has a portfolio of 40 hotels in mid-2019.
Raffles Hotels & Resorts is a Singaporean chain of luxury hotels which traces its roots to 1887 with the opening of the original Raffles Hotel in Singapore. The company started to develop internationally in the late 1990s. Since 2015, Raffles is part of Accor.
Sundukovy Sisters Design Studio is an interior design studio founded by twin sisters Ira and Olya Sundukovy.
1 2 Luciano Segreto; Carles Manera; Manfred Pohl (1 April 2009). Europe at the Seaside: The Economic History of Mass Tourism in the Mediterranean. Berghahn Books. ISBN9781845459116.
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€5.1 billion (2023) [2] 
