Sophora

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Sophora
Starr 081014-0282 Sophora chrysophylla.jpg
Sophora chrysophylla flowers and leaves
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Faboideae
Tribe: Sophoreae
Genus: Sophora
L. (1753)
Type species
Sophora tomentosa
L. [1]
Species

59–116; see text

Synonyms [2] [3]
  • AmmothamnusBunge (1847)
  • Cephalostigmaton(Yakovlev) Yakovlev (1967)
  • Echinosophora Nakai (1923)
  • Edwardsia Salisb. (1808)
  • EdwarsiaDumort. (1829), orth. var.
  • Goebelia Bunge ex Boiss. (1872)
  • KeyserlingiaBunge ex Boiss. (1872)
  • PatriniaRaf. (1819), nom. illeg.
  • Pseudosophora(DC.) Sweet (1830), nom. superfl.
  • RadiusiaRchb. (1828)
  • Vexibia Raf. (1825)
  • VibexiaRaf. (1832)
  • ZanthyrsisRaf. (1838)

Sophora is a genus of about 45 species of small trees and shrubs in the pea family Fabaceae. The species have a pantropical distribution. [4] [5] The generic name is derived from sophera, an Arabic name for a pea-flowered tree. [6]

Contents

The genus formerly had a broader interpretation including many other species now treated in other genera, notably Styphnolobium (pagoda tree genus), which differs in lacking nitrogen fixing bacteria (rhizobia) on the roots, and Dermatophyllum (the mescalbeans). Styphnolobium has galactomannans as seed polysaccharide reserve, in contrast Sophora contains arabinogalactans, and Dermatophyllum amylose.

The New Zealand Sophora species are known as kowhai. [7]

The seeds of species such as Sophora affinis and Sophora chrysophylla are reported to be poisonous. [8]

Fossil record

One Sophora fossil seed pod from the middle Eocene epoch has been described from the Miller clay pit in Henry County, Tennessee, United States. [9]

Species

Sophora comprises the following species: [2] [7] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16]

Species names with uncertain taxonomic status

The status of the following species is unresolved: [16]

References

  1. ↑ "Sophora L." TROPICOS. Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 2010-01-28.
  2. 1 2 Sophora L. Plants of the World Online . Retrieved 8 August 2023.
  3. ↑ "Genus: Sophora L." Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2006-11-03. Archived from the original on 2010-05-28. Retrieved 2009-11-23.
  4. ↑ "PLANTS Profile Sophora nuttalliana B.L. Turner silky sophora". USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2011-03-20.
  5. ↑ "PLANTS Profile Sophora tomentosa L.yellow necklacepod". USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2011-03-20.
  6. ↑ Gledhill, D. (2008). The Names of Plants (4th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 356. ISBN   978-0-521-86645-3.
  7. 1 2 Heenan PB, de Lange PJ, Wilton AD (2001). "Sophora (Fabaceae) in New Zealand: taxonomy, distribution, and biogeography". New Zealand J Bot . 39 (1): 17–53. Bibcode:2001NZJB...39...17H. doi: 10.1080/0028825X.2001.9512715 .
  8. ↑ Little, Elbert L. (1980). The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees: Eastern Region. New York: Knopf. p. 529. ISBN   0-394-50760-6.
  9. ↑ The Fossil History of Leguminosae from the Eocene of Southeastern North America by Patrick S. Herendeen, Advances in Legume Systematics: Part 4, The Fossil Record, Ed. P.S. Herendeen & Dilcher, 1992, The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, ISBN   0 947643 40 0
  10. ↑ Tsoong P-C, Ma C-Y (1981). "A study on the genus Sophora Linn" (PDF). Acta Phytotaxon Sin . 19 (1): 1–22. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-05-19. Retrieved 2014-05-19.
  11. ↑ Tsoong P-C, Ma C-Y (1981). "A study on the genus Sophora Linn. (Cont.)" (PDF). Acta Phytotaxon Sin . 19 (2): 143–167. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2014-05-19.
  12. ↑ Hurr KA, Lockhart PJ, Heenan PB, Penny D (1999). "Evidence for the recent dispersal of Sophora (Leguminosae) around the Southern Oceans: molecular data". J Biogeogr . 26 (3): 565–577. Bibcode:1999JBiog..26..565H. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2699.1999.00302.x. JSTOR   2656144. S2CID   84721754.
  13. ↑ Michell AB, Heenan PB (2002). "Sophora sect. Edwardsia (Fabaceae): further evidence from nrDNA sequence data of a recent and rapid radiation around the Southern Oceans". Bot J Linn Soc . 140 (4): 435–441. doi: 10.1046/j.1095-8339.2002.00101.x .
  14. ↑ Staff writer(s); no by-line. "ILDIS LegumeWeb entry for Sophora". International Legume Database & Information Service. Cardiff School of Computer Science & Informatics. Retrieved 18 May 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  15. ↑ USDA; ARS; National Genetic Resources Program. "GRIN species records of Sophora". Germplasm Resources Information Network—(GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved 18 May 2014.
  16. 1 2 "The Plant List entry for Sophora". The Plant List . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and the Missouri Botanical Garden. 2013. Retrieved 18 May 2014.
  17. ↑ Heenan PB (2001). "The correct name for Chilean pelú (Fabaceae): the identity of Edwardsia macnabiana and the reinstatement of Sophora cassioides". New Zealand J Bot . 39 (1): 167–170. Bibcode:2001NZJB...39..167H. doi: 10.1080/0028825X.2001.9512725 .
  18. ↑ English Names for Korean Native Plants (PDF). Pocheon: Korea National Arboretum. 2015. p. 450. ISBN   978-89-97450-98-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 16 December 2016– via Korea Forest Service.
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