Sovremennyy-class destroyer

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Bezuprechnyy.jpg
Sovremennyy-class destroyer Bezuprechnyy
Class overview
Name:Sovremennyy class
Builders: Severnaya Verf (Zhdanov Shipyard)
Operators:
Preceded by:
Succeeded by:
In commission: 1980
Completed: 21
Active: 3 active, 1 ongoing modernization and 2 in reserve in Russia; 4 active in China
Retired: 10
General characteristics
Type: Anti-aircraft and anti-ship guided missile destroyer
Displacement: 6,600 tons standard, 8,480 tons full load
Length: 156 m (511 ft 10 in)
Beam: 17.3 m (56 ft 9 in)
Draught: 6.5 m (21 ft 4 in)
Propulsion: 2 shaft steam turbines, 4 boilers, 75,000 kW (100,000 hp), 2 fixed propellers, 2 turbo generators,and 2 diesel generators
Speed: 32.7 knots (60.6 km/h; 37.6 mph)
Range: 14,000 nmi (26,000 km; 16,000 mi) at 14 knots (26 km/h; 16 mph)
Complement: 350
Sensors and
processing systems:
  • Radar: Air target acquisition radar, 3 × navigation radars, 130 mm gun fire-control radars, 30 mm air-defence gun fire control radar
  • Sonar: Active and passive under-keel sonar
  • ES: Tactical situation plotting board, anti-ship missile fire control system, air defence, missile fire-control system, and torpedo fire control system
Electronic warfare
& decoys:		 2 PK-2 decoy dispensers (200 rockets)
Armament:
Aircraft carried: 1× Ka-27 'Helix'

The Sovremennyy-class destroyer is the principal anti-surface warship of the Russian Navy ("Sovremennyy" translates like "Modern"). The Soviet designation for the class was Project 956 Sarych (Buzzard).

Warship ship that is built and primarily intended for combat

A warship or combatant ship is a naval ship that is built and primarily intended for naval warfare. Usually they belong to the armed forces of a state. As well as being armed, warships are designed to withstand damage and are usually faster and more manoeuvrable than merchant ships. Unlike a merchant ship, which carries cargo, a warship typically carries only weapons, ammunition and supplies for its crew. Warships usually belong to a navy, though they have also been operated by individuals, cooperatives and corporations.

Russian Navy naval arm of the Russian military

The Russian Navy is the naval arm of the Russian Armed Forces. It has existed in various forms since 1696, the present iteration of which was formed in January 1992 when it succeeded the Navy of the Commonwealth of Independent States.

Contents

The primary role of this guided missile destroyer is to attack enemy warships while also providing sea and air defense for warships and transports under escort. It complements the Udaloy-class destroyers in anti-submarine operations.

Guided missile destroyer Destroyer equipped with guided missiles

A guided-missile destroyer is a destroyer designed to launch guided missiles. Many are also equipped to carry out anti-submarine, anti-air, and anti-surface operations. The NATO standard designation for these vessels is DDG. Nations vary in their use of destroyer D designation in their hull pennant numbering, either prefixing or dropping it altogether. The U.S. Navy has adopted the classification DDG in the American hull classification system.

<i>Udaloy</i>-class destroyer class of Russian destroyers

The Udaloy-class are a series of anti-submarine destroyers built for the Soviet Navy, eight of which are currently in service with the Russian Navy. The Russian designation is Project 1155 Fregat. Twelve ships were built between 1980 and 1991, while the thirteenth ship built to a modified design as the Udaloy II class followed in 1999. They complement the Sovremennyy-class destroyer in anti-aircraft warfare and anti-surface warfare operations.

Anti-submarine warfare Branch of naval warfare

Anti-submarine warfare is a branch of underwater warfare that uses surface warships, aircraft, or other submarines to find, track, and deter, damage, or destroy enemy submarines.

History

Sovremennyy-class destroyer Osmotritelnyy Osmotritelny.jpg
Sovremennyy-class destroyer Osmotritelnyy

The project began in the late 1960s when it was becoming obvious in the Soviet Navy that naval guns still had an important role particularly in support of amphibious landings, but existing gun cruisers and destroyers were showing their age. A new design was started, employing a new 130 mm automatic gun turret. Single and twin mounts were developed, and the twin mount chosen for its superior rate of fire. In 1971 a go-ahead was given for the Severnaya design bureau to design "a ship capable of supporting amphibious landings". [1] At the same time, the United States Navy was constructing new large Spruance-class multi-role destroyers. To respond to this new threat, Project 956 was updated with new air defence suite and new, powerful 3M80 anti-ship missiles. Although the Soviet Navy had largely moved to gas turbine propulsion for its new warships, steam turbines were selected instead for Project 956: partly because production of naval gas turbines would have been insufficient for entire program. Lead ship of the class, Sovremennyy was laid down in 1976 and commissioned in 1980. A total of 18 have been built for the Russian Navy, but currently only 5 remain in service due to lack of funds and trained personnel. Additional 3 ships are ongoing modernization and overhaul and 2 are laid-up in reserve (the table lists 3 in service 2 in reserve and 1 being overhauled and 11 decommissioned + 4 Chinese). All the ships were built by Severnaya Verf 190 St. Petersburg.

Soviet Navy naval arm of the Soviet Armed Forces

The Soviet Navy was the naval arm of the Soviet Armed Forces. Often referred to as the Red Fleet, the Soviet Navy was a large part of the Soviet Union's strategic plan in the event of a conflict with opposing super power, the United States, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), or another conflict related to the Warsaw Pact of Eastern Europe. The influence of the Soviet Navy played a large role in the Cold War (1945-1991), as the majority of conflicts centered on naval forces.

Cruiser Type of large warships

A cruiser is a type of warship. Modern cruisers are generally the largest ships in a fleet after aircraft carriers and amphibious assault ships, and can usually perform several roles.

United States Navy Naval warfare branch of the United States Armed Forces

The United States Navy (USN) is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States. It is the largest and most capable navy in the world, with the highest combined battle fleet tonnage and the world's largest aircraft carrier fleet, with eleven in service, and two new carriers under construction. With 319,421 personnel on active duty and 99,616 in the Ready Reserve, the Navy is the third largest of the service branches. It has 282 deployable combat vessels and more than 3,700 operational aircraft as of March 2018, making it the second largest and second most powerful air force in the world.

These ships have a maximum displacement of 7,940 tons. The ships are 156 metres (511 ft 10 in) in length, with a beam of 17.3 metres (56 ft 9 in) and a draught of 6.5 metres (21 ft 4 in). They are armed with an anti-submarine helicopter, 48 air defence missiles, eight anti-ship missiles, torpedoes, mines, long-range guns and a sophisticated electronic warfare system.

Beam (nautical) width of a ship at its widest point measured at its nominal waterline

The beam of a ship is its width at the widest point as measured at the ship's nominal waterline. The beam is a bearing projected at right-angles from the fore and aft line, outwards from the widest part of ship. Beam may also be used to define the maximum width of a ship's hull, or maximum width including superstructure overhangs.

There are a total of three versions of this class: the original Project 956 armed with the 3M80 version of the Moskit anti-ship missile, and its successor, the Project 956A, which is armed with the improved 3M80M version of the Moskit with longer range. The main difference between the two is that the missile launching tubes on Project 956A are longer than that of Project 956 to accommodate the increased size of the newer missile, and these launching tubes can be used to fire / store the original 3M80 as well. A third version, Project 956EM, later developed for the People's Liberation Army Navy Surface Force was the latest development of this class. Chinese media called the ship "carrier killer".

P-270 Moskit anti-ship and land attack cruise missile

The P-270 Moskit is a Soviet supersonic ramjet powered anti-ship cruise missile. Its GRAU designation is 3M80, air launched variant is the Kh-41 and its NATO reporting name is SS-N-22 Sunburn. The missile system was designed by the Raduga Design Bureau during the 1970s as a follow up to the P-120 Malakhit. The Moskit was originally designed to be ship-launched, but variants have been adapted to be launched from land, underwater (submarines) and air, as well as on the Lun-class ekranoplan. The missile can carry conventional and nuclear warheads. The exact classification of the missile is unknown, with varying types reported. This uncertainty is due to the secrecy surrounding an active military weapon. The Moskit is one of the missiles known by the NATO codename SS-N-22 Sunburn. The missile has been purchased and exported to the People's Liberation Army Navy (China) and Indian Navy (India).

Anti-ship missile guided missile that is designed for use against surface ships

Anti-ship missiles are guided missiles that are designed for use against ships and large boats. Most anti-ship missiles are of the sea skimming variety, and many use a combination of inertial guidance and active radar homing. A good number of other anti-ship missiles use infrared homing to follow the heat that is emitted by a ship; it is also possible for anti-ship missiles to be guided by radio command all the way.

Peoples Liberation Army Navy Surface Force branch of the Peoples Liberation Army Navy

The People's Liberation Army Navy Surface Force is a branch of the People's Liberation Army Navy. It consists of all surface warships in operational service with the PLAN. It operates 661 ships. The ships are organized into three fleets: the North Sea Fleet, the East Sea Fleet, and the South Sea Fleet. The People's Liberation Army Navy is turning away from its traditional focus on coastal and littoral warfare and instead prioritising the development of blue water capabilities. This has led to a significant reduction in fleet numbers as the PLAN has replaced a larger number of smaller ships with a smaller number of larger and more capable ships, including destroyers, frigates, corvettes, amphibious warfare ships and large auxiliary ships.

Design

Command and control

The ship's combat systems can use target designation data from the ship's active and passive sensors, from other ships in the fleet, from surveillance aircraft or via a communications link from the ship's helicopter. The multi-channel defence suite is capable of striking several targets simultaneously.

Missiles

Midships view. Otlichnyy2.jpg
Midships view.

The ship is outfitted with the Raduga Moskit anti-ship missile system with two four-cell launchers installed port and starboard of the forward island and set at an angle about 15°. The ship carries a total of eight Moskit 3M80E missiles, NATO designation SS-N-22 Sunburn. The missile is sea-skimming with a velocity of Mach 2.5, armed with a 300-kilogram (660 lb) high-explosive or a nuclear 200 kt warhead. The range is from 10 to 120 kilometres (6.2 to 74.6 mi). The launch weight is 4,000 kg (8,800 lb).

Two Shtil surface-to-air missile systems are installed, each on the raised deck behind the twin-barrelled 130 mm guns. Shtil is the export name of the SA-N-7, NATO reporting name Gadfly. (From the 9th ship onwards, same launcher is used for SA-17 Grizzly/SA-N-12 Yezh.) The system uses the ship's three-dimensional circular scan radar for target tracking. Up to three missiles can be aimed simultaneously. The range is up to 30 km (19 mi) against targets with speeds up to 830 metres per second (2,700 ft/s). The ship carries 48 Shtil missiles.

Guns

Bow view. Otlichnnyy1.jpg
Bow view.

The ship's 130-millimetre (5.1 in) guns are the AK-130-MR-184. The system includes a computer control system with electronic and television sighting. The gun can be operated in fully automatic mode from the radar control system, under autonomous control using the turret mounted Kondensor optical sighting system and can also be laid manually. Rate of fire is disputed, but various Russian sources credit the weapon with a cyclic rate of 30–40 rounds per minute per barrel, in line with the French Creusot-Loire 100 mm or the Italian OTO Melara 127 mm/54, but faster than the US Mark 45.

The ship has four six-barreled 30 mm AK-630 auto-cannon systems. The maximum rate of fire is 5,000 rounds/min. Range is up to 4,000 m for low flying anti-ship missiles and 5,000 m for light surface targets. The gun is outfitted with radar and television detection and tracking. The latest Sovremennyys carry the Kashtan CIWS system instead of AK-630.

Anti submarine systems

Helicopter pad. Otlichnyy3.jpg
Helicopter pad.

The destroyer has two double 533 mm (21 in) torpedo tubes and two six-barrel RBU-1000 anti-submarine rocket launchers, with 48 rockets. Range is 1,000 metres (1,100 yd). The rocket is armed with a 55 kg (121 lb) warhead.

Helicopter

The ship's helicopter pad and telescopic hangar accommodates one Kamov Ka-27 anti-submarine warfare helicopter, NATO codename Helix. The helicopter can operate in conditions up to Sea State 5 and up to 200 km (120 mi) from the host ship.

Countermeasures

The Project 956 destroyer is fitted with an electronic countermeasures system and carries a store of 200 rockets for the two decoy dispensers, model PK-2.

Sensors

Radar

Sovremennyy-class destroyer Bezuderzhnyy underway. Destroyer Bezuderzhnyy.jpg
Sovremennyy-class destroyer Bezuderzhnyy underway.

The complete sensor suite and ECM comprises: 3D radar 'Top Steer', replaced later with 'Top Plate' (MR-760), 230 km range vs fighters and 50 km vs missiles and a total of 40 targets can be simultaneously tracked; Mineral system ('Band Stand') to allow the SS-N 22 guidance; 3 navigation and surface control radar MR-201 e 212; 2 'Bass Tilt' (MR-123) for CIWS; 6 'Front Dome'(MR-90) radar for SA-N-7 guidance (a very large arrangement to assure an effective defense against saturation attacks), linked with 3D radar and two SAM launcher (5 missile min each); 1 'Kite Screech' radar for 130 mm (MR-184 Lev). ECM and ESM are many: 2 ESM MR-410 or MP-405; 2 ECM MRP-11M or 12M ('Bell Shroud'), 2 'Bell Squat', 4 'Football B' and one MR-407; 2 PK-2M rocket launchers (140 mm), and 8 PK-10 (120 mm), 2–8 laser warning receiver systems Spektr-F, one Squeeze Box (TV, laser and IR system).

Sonar

Medium and high frequences (M/HF) MGK-355 Platina integrated sonar system with NATO reporting name Bull Horn, including the MG-335 hull mounted array. Type 956 originally only carries the hull mounted array because the ASW gear of this class is primarily for self-defense. For Type 956A, an improved MGK-355MS Platina is carried, which include hull mounted array, VDS, and towed array, with NATO reporting names Bull Nose / Mare Tail / Steer Hide respectively. It is reported that Type 956EM equipped with the successor of MGK-355/355MS, the MGK-355TA integrated sonar system which includes both the hull mounted and towed arrays (with NATO reporting name Horse Jaw & Horse Tail respectively).

Propulsion

The ship's propulsion system is based on two steam turbine engines each producing 37,000 kW (50,000 hp) together with four high-pressure boilers. There are two fixed-pitch propellers. The ship's maximum speed is just under 33 knots (61 km/h; 38 mph). At a fuel-economic speed of 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph) the range is 3,920 nautical mile s (7,260 km; 4,510 mi). Several ships of this class suffered from problems regarding their propulsion system that were so severe that they had to be retired. [2]

PLAN variants

The Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy Surface Force (PLAN) had two modified Sovremennyy destroyers delivered in December 1999 and November 2000. In 2002, the PLAN ordered two improved versions designated 956-EM. The first vessel was launched in late 2005, while the second was launched in 2006. All four vessels were commissioned to the East Sea Fleet.

On the improved Project 956EM the aft AK-130 main gun was removed. The four AK-630 CIWS were replaced by two sets of Kashtan CIWS short-range air defence gun/missile systems. Each Kashtan system comprises a 3R86E1 command module and two 3R87E combat modules. Each 3R87E combat module has two 30 mm GSh-30k six-barrel automatic guns (range 0.5–4 km (0.31–2.49 mi)) and two SA-N-11 air defence missiles. The missile is armed with a 9 kg (20 lb) warhead and has a range of 1.5–8 km (0.93–4.97 mi). This improved 956EM version is also the first to be armed with the newer version of SS-N-22, which reported has a designation of 3-M80MBE and possibly funded by China (according to Russian sources), and the new missile differs from the older ones mainly in that the range is increased from 120 km (75 mi) to 200 km (120 mi). The air defense software is upgraded to accommodate the newer SA-N-12/SA-17 SAM system, but since China had already joined Russia in developing an even newer successor, it is not clear if SA-N-12/SA-17 has entered Chinese service in large numbers.

In 2006, the extra spheres (painted white as the mid-2006) added atop of the superstructures of the Chinese ships appearing in latest photographs of the Chinese units have shown that these Chinese ships had been upgraded with the domestic HN-900 Data link (Chinese equivalent of Link 11A/B, to be upgraded) and SATCOM (probably the SNTI-240).

From mid-2014, all four Chinese Sovremennyy-class destroyers are planned to undergo a midlife upgrade program. Hangzhou is currently undergoing refit with the removal of its original components, and are expected to be replaced with domestic systems. In addition to replacement of electronics and sensors, armament upgrades include replacing the AK-130 with the longer-range H/PJ38 130mm cannon, the replacement of 3M80E Moskit anti-ship missiles with YJ-12A supersonic missiles, and swapping two launchers for 48 SA-N-12 SAMs with 2–3 sets of 8-cell vertical launch systems totaling 32–48 cells for HQ-16C or HQ-9 anti-aircraft missiles, YJ-18 anti-ship missiles, and CJ-10 cruise missiles. [3] [4]

Ships

Nastoychivyy (DD 610) underway in the Baltic Sea off the coast of Ventspils, Latvia (2005). US Navy 050606-N-5258M-011 Russian destroyer RFS Nastoychivyy (DD 610) is currently underway participating in Baltic Operations (BALTOPS) 2005.jpg
Nastoychivyy (DD 610) underway in the Baltic Sea off the coast of Ventspils, Latvia (2005).
Overhead view of Stoykiy. Stoykiy.jpg
Overhead view of Stoykiy.
PLANS Ningbo (139) PLANS Ningbo (DDG-139).jpg
PLANS Ningbo (139)
NameMeaning of
name		Laid downLaunchedCommissionedStatus
Naval Ensign of Russia.svg  Russian Navy
SovremennyyModern3 March 197618 November 197825 December 1980Decommissioned in 1998
OtchayannyyReckless1 March 197729 March 198030 September 1982Decommissioned in 1998
OtlichnyyExcellent22 April 197821 March 198130 September 1983Decommissioned in 1998
OsmotritelnyyCircumspect27 October 197824 April 198230 September 1984Decommissioned in 1998
BezuprechnyyImpeccable29 January 198125 July 19836 November 1985Decommissioned in 2001
BoyevoyMilitant26 March 19824 August 198428 September 1986Decommissioned in 2010
StoykiySteadfast28 September 198227 July 198531 December 1986Decommissioned in 1998
OkrylennyyWinged16 April 198331 May 198630 December 1987Decommissioned in 1998
BurnyyImpetuous4 November 198330 December 198630 September 1988Ongoing modernization and overhaul
Gremyashchiy
(ex-Vedushchiy)		Thunderous23 November 198430 May 198730 December 1988Decommissioned in 2006
BystryyQuick29 October 198528 November 198730 September 1989In service with the Pacific Fleet
RastoropnyyPrompt15 August 19864 June 198830 December 1989Decommissioned in 2012
BezboyaznennyyFearless8 January 198718 February 198928 December 1990With the Pacific Fleet. Laid up for repairs
Gremyashchiy
(ex-Bezuderzhnyy)		Thunderous24 February 198730 September 198925 June 1991Decommissioned in 2012
BespokoynyyRestless18 April 19879 June 199028 December 1991Museum ship in Kronstadt [7]
Nastoychivyy
(ex-Moskovskiy Komsomolets)		Persistent7 April 198819 January 199130 December 1992In service with the Baltic Fleet
Admiral Ushakov
(ex-Besstrashnyy)		6 May 198828 December 199130 December 1993In service with the Northern Fleet
Naval ensign of China.svg  People's Liberation Army Navy
Hangzhou
(ex-Vazhnyy)		4 November 198827 May 199425 December 1999In service with the East Sea Fleet
Fuzhou
(ex-Vdumchivyy)		22 April 198916 April 199920 November 2000In service with the East Sea Fleet
Taizhou
(ex-Vnushitelnyy)		3 July 200227 April 200428 December 2005In service with the East Sea Fleet
Ningbo
(ex-Vechnyy)		15 November 200223 July 200427 September 2006In service with the East Sea Fleet

China reportedly also holds the option to purchase an additional two Project 956EM in the future, but this now seems unlikely with the decision to proceed with the development of the Type 052 destroyer in 2005.

See also

Related Research Articles

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References

  1. ↑ "956 Sovremenny class | Russian Military Analysis". Warfare.ru. Retrieved 2011-12-28.
  2. ↑ John Pike (2004-05-06). "Sovremenny Class – Project 956". Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 2011-12-28.
  3. ↑ China's PLAN Upgrading its Project 956E Destroyers with VLS and YJ-12A Anti-Ship Missiles – Navyrecognition.com, 15 April 2016
  4. ↑ China Refits Older Warships for a Bigger Punch – Popsci.com, 29 April 2016
  5. ↑ "Defence & Security Intelligence & Analysis - Jane's 360". www.janes.com. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
  6. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2006-08-22. Retrieved 2006-08-22.
  7. ↑ "Музей-корабль "Беспокойный" открылся для посещения в Кронштадте" (in Russian). TASS. 27 July 2018. Retrieved 15 December 2018.
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