Stylopidae

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Stylopidae
Temporal range: Priabonian–Recent
Stylops childreni male.png
Stylops childreni
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Strepsiptera
Family: Stylopidae
Kirby, 1813
Synonyms [1]
  • Hylecthridae Pierce, 1908

Stylopidae is a family in the order Strepsiptera. There are about 15 genera and more than 330 described species in Stylopidae. [1] [2] [3]

Contents

All Strepsiptera, including all members of Stylopidae are parasitic insects. Host insects of this family that are afflicted are referred to as being "stylopized". [4]

Stylopidae (not to be confused with the clade Stylopidia [5] ) are strictly parasites of bees [6] . [3] However, other strepsipteran families such as Corioxenidae, Elenchidae, Halictophagidae, Myrmecolacidae, and Xenidae are known to use members of Blattodea, Mantodea, Orthoptera, Hemiptera, Diptera, and other Hymenoptera as hosts. Stylopized hosts sometimes display a variety of physical and behavioral changes. [7]

Life cycle

As with others in the order Strepsiptera, Stylopidae larvae called triungulins, or more properly, planidia, enter their host and develop inside it. Females will remain inside the host. When females are ready to breed, they will push their head and brood canal opening, which is located just behind their head, out between the host insect's sclerites. Females draw males with pheromones who mate with them by means of the exposed brood canal. The eggs will hatch inside of their mother, and the larvae will feed on her body until it is time for them to exit through the brood canal and find their own hosts, [8] most often by exploiting phoresy.

Genera

References

  1. 1 2 "Stylopidae Report". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2019-05-24.
  2. ↑ "Stylopidae". GBIF. Retrieved 2019-05-24.
  3. ↑ Salt, George; Bequaert, Joseph (1929). "Stylopized Vespidae". Psyche: A Journal of Entomology. 36 (3): 249–282. doi: 10.1155/1929/78563 .
  4. ↑ Pohl, Hans; Beutel, Rolf Georg (July 2008). "The evolution of Strepsiptera (Hexapoda)" . Zoology. 111 (4): 318–338. Bibcode:2008Zool..111..318P. doi:10.1016/j.zool.2007.06.008. PMID   18356032.
  5. ↑ Cook, Jerry L. (2019-09-30). "Annotated Catalog of the Order Strepsiptera of the World" . Transactions of the American Entomological Society. 145 (2): 121. doi:10.3157/061.145.0202. ISSN   0002-8320.
  6. ↑ "Stylopidia Host Relationships". tolweb.org. Retrieved 2020-05-03.
  7. ↑ Will, Kip; Gross, Joyce; Rubinoff, Daniel; Powell, Jerry A. (2020). Field Guide to California Insects. Oakland, California: University of California Press. pp. 188–189. ISBN   9780520288744.
  8. ↑ R. Kulicka. 2001. New genera and species of Strepsiptera from the Baltic amber. Prace Muzeum Ziemi46:3-16


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