Tamsin Mather | |
---|---|
Born | Tamsin Alice Mather 15 December 1976 [1] [2] |
Alma mater | University of Cambridge (MSci, MPhil, PhD) |
Children | Two [4] |
Awards |
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Scientific career | |
Fields | Volcanology [5] Atmospheric chemistry [5] |
Institutions | University of Oxford |
Thesis | Near-source chemistry of tropospheric volcanic plumes (2004) |
Website | www |
Tamsin Alice Mather MAE (born 1976) [1] [2] [3] is a British Professor of Earth Sciences at the Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford [5] [6] [7] [8] and a Fellow of University College, Oxford. [9] She studies volcanic processes and their impacts on the Earth's environment [10] and has appeared on the television and radio.
Mather was born in Bristol on 15 December 1976, the daughter of William Mather and Felicity Mather. [3] She was educated at St John's College, Cambridge, where she was awarded a Master of Science degree in 1999, a Master of Philosophy (MPhil) degree in 2000 and a Doctor of Philosophy degree in 2004. [1] [11] As an undergraduate she studied the Natural Sciences Tripos before switching to the History and Philosophy of Science for her MPhil (in the same MPhil class as Helen Macdonald and Katherine Angel). [1] She spent a year working abroad before returning to science for her PhD which was completed in the Department of Earth Sciences and investigated the chemistry of volcanic plumes in the troposphere. [11] [12] [13] Her PhD involved working in Chile, Nicaragua and Italy. [13] [14]
Mather studies volcanic behaviour working to understand volcanoes as natural hazards, planetary scale processes and natural resources. [15] [16] Mather is a Professor of Earth Sciences at the University of Oxford and a fellow of University College, Oxford. [17]
She is part of the Centre for the Observation and Modeling of Earthquakes, Volcanoes and Tectonics (COMET) project, [18] which is a “collaborative centre for understanding tectonic and volcanic processes and hazards though the integrated application of Earth Observation (EO) data, ground-based measurements, and geophysical models”.
Other current/recent projects include: the European Research Council funded project Revealing hidden volcanic triggers for global environmental change events in Earth’s geological past using mercury (Hg); the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) funded RiftVolc project, [19] researching past and current volcanism and volcanic hazards in the main Ethiopian rift; the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) funded Volatiles, Geodynamics & Solid Earth Controls on the Habitable Planet programme researching deep Earth influences in the long-term evolution of the Earth; [20] the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) Strengthening Resilience in Volcanic Areas collaboration, (STREVA) which looked to establish a risk assessment framework for volcanoes. [21]
Her research into the role of volcanism in planetary scale processes [22] includes the discovery that volcanic vents perform nitrogen fixation making it available to for use by life, possibly a significant source on the early Earth as life was evolving. [23] [24]
Mather's other research includes investigations into volcanic plumes, [25] the effects of volcanic emissions and aerosols on the environment, and the structure and stability of volcanoes. [26] She has also studied the emissions from Buncefield fire at the Buncefield oil depot in 2005 [26] and is interested in the mercury cycle, [27] as well as other biogeochemical cycles.
Mather has led or collaborated on work studying volcanoes around the world, both in situ and using remote sensing data from ground or satellite based platforms. [4] Volcanoes Mather has studied include Bárðarbunga, [28] Hekla, [29] and Eyjafjallajökull in Iceland, [30] the Santorini caldera in Greece, [31] the Villarica, Lascar, Chaitén [32] and Calbuco volcanoes in Chile, [33] [13] [34] Masaya Volcano in Nicaragua [35] (where she was held up at gunpoint), [4] [36] Mount Etna in Italy, [37] Galeras in Colombia, [38] the Santiaguito lava dome complex in Guatemala, [39] and the Great Rift Valley, Ethiopia. [19] [40]
Mather's research has been funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), [41] the European Research Council and the Royal Society. [22]
In 2005 she served as a Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology (POST) Fellow [42] producing a POSTnote note on Carbon capture and storage, [43] she served as co-editor-in-chief of Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2014–2019, served on the board of directors of the Geochemical Society 2017–2019, [42] on the Natural Environment Research Council Science Board/Committee 2017–2021 and on the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program Science Advisory Group 2019–2022.
In 2016 Mather appeared on the BBC World Service discussing volcanoes and earthquakes. [44] Mather was interviewed on BBC Radio 4's The Life Scientific in 2017. [4] She has taken part in Pint of Science, lectured at the Royal Institution [45] [46] and appeared on podcasts. [4] She was a guest on The Infinite Monkey Cage alongside Jo Brand and Clive Oppenheimer in February 2018 [47] and spoke at New Scientist Live in 2018. [12]
Island arcs are long chains of active volcanoes with intense seismic activity found along convergent tectonic plate boundaries. Most island arcs originate on oceanic crust and have resulted from the descent of the lithosphere into the mantle along the subduction zone. They are the principal way by which continental growth is achieved.
Volcanic gases are gases given off by active volcanoes. These include gases trapped in cavities (vesicles) in volcanic rocks, dissolved or dissociated gases in magma and lava, or gases emanating from lava, from volcanic craters or vents. Volcanic gases can also be emitted through groundwater heated by volcanic action.
Elysium Mons is a volcano on Mars located in the volcanic province Elysium, at 25.02°N 147.21°E, in the Martian eastern hemisphere. It stands about 12.6 km (41,000 ft) above its base, and about 14.1 km (46,000 ft) above the Martian datum, making it the third tallest Martian mountain in terms of relief and the fourth highest in elevation. Its diameter is about 240 km (150 mi), with a summit caldera about 14 km (8.7 mi) across. It is flanked by the smaller volcanoes Hecates Tholus to the northeast, and Albor Tholus to the southeast.
John Adrian Pyle is a British atmospheric scientist, Director of the Centre for Atmospheric Science in Cambridge, England. He is a Professor in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Cambridge, and since 2007 has held the 1920 Chair of Physical Chemistry in the Chemistry Department. He is also a Fellow of the Royal Society and of St Catharine's College, Cambridge.
Yanteles is an isolated stratovolcano composed of five glacier-capped peaks along an 8 km-long NE-trending ridge. It is located approximately 30 km (19 mi) south of the Corcovado volcano in the Chilean X Region within the Corcovado National Park. The name Yanteles can refer only to the main summit, which is also known as Volcán Nevado.
The surface of Venus is dominated by volcanic features and has more volcanoes than any other planet in the Solar System. It has a surface that is 90% basalt, and about 65% of the planet consists of a mosaic of volcanic lava plains, indicating that volcanism played a major role in shaping its surface. There are more than 1,000 volcanic structures and possible periodic resurfacing of Venus by floods of lava. The planet may have had a major global resurfacing event about 500 million years ago, from what scientists can tell from the density of impact craters on the surface. Venus has an atmosphere rich in carbon dioxide, with a density that is 90 times that of Earth's atmosphere.
The historical development of geophysics has been motivated by two factors. One of these is the research curiosity of humankind related to planet Earth and its several components, its events and its problems. The second is economical usage of Earth's resources and Earth-related hazards such as earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunamis, tides, and floods.
Huequi is a volcano located in Los Lagos Region of Chile. It lies at the centre of Ayacara Peninsula and close to the Gulf of Ancud. It has an elevation of 1,318 metres (4,324 ft) with a sharp summit and reportedly "smoked" in 1935 and is made up from a lava dome complex situated in a depression of unclear origin, a postglacial lava dome Calle and a Pleistocene Porcelana volcano with Holocene parasitic cones.
Volcanic lightning is an electrical discharge caused by a volcanic eruption rather than from an ordinary thunderstorm. Volcanic lightning arises from colliding, fragmenting particles of volcanic ash, which generate static electricity within the volcanic plume, leading to the name dirty thunderstorm. Moist convection currents and ice formation also drive the eruption plume dynamics and can trigger volcanic lightning. Unlike ordinary thunderstorms, volcanic lightning can also occur before any ice crystals have formed in the ash cloud.
Pål Wessel, pronounced as, and also known as, Paul Wessel, is a professor of the Department of Geology and Geophysics at the School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST) at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa. He has taught as a visiting professor at Sydney University in Australia and University of Oslo in Norway. Dr. Wessel is a Fellow of the Geological Society of America.
Derek Keir has been an associate professor of geophysics at the University of Southampton since 2015. In 2013 he received the Bullerwell Lecture award from the British Geophysical Association (BGA) for significant contributions to geophysics.
The 1808 mystery eruption refers to one or potentially multiple unidentified volcanic eruptions that resulted in a significant rise in stratospheric sulfur aerosols, leading to a period of global cooling analogous to the Year Without a Summer in 1816.
A multi-component gas analyzer system (Multi-GAS) is an instrument package used to take real-time high-resolution measurements of volcanic gases. A Multi-GAS package includes an infrared spectrometer for CO2, two electrochemical sensors for SO2 and H2S, and pressure–temperature–humidity sensors, all in a weatherproof box. The system can be used for individual surveys or set up as permanent stations connected to radio transmitters for transmission of data from remote locations. The instrument package is portable, and its operation and data analysis are simple enough to be conducted by non-specialists.
Marie Edmonds is a professor of volcanology and geology in the Department of Earth Sciences at the University of Cambridge whose research focuses on the physics and chemistry of volcanic eruptions and magmatism and understanding volatile cycling in the solid Earth as mediated by plate tectonics. She is interested in the social and economic impacts of natural hazards; and the sustainable use of Earth's mineral and energy resources. Professor Edmonds is the Vice President and Ron Oxburgh Fellow in Earth Sciences at Queens' College, Cambridge; and the Deputy Head of Department and Director of Research at the Earth Sciences Department, University of Cambridge.
Clive Oppenheimer is a British volcanologist, and Professor of Volcanology in the Department of Geography of the University of Cambridge.
The Rarotonga hotspot is a volcanic hotspot in the southern Pacific Ocean. The hotspot is claimed to be responsible for the formation of Rarotonga and some volcanics of Aitutaki but an alternative explanation for these islands most recent volcanics has not been ruled out. Recently alternatives to hotspot activity have been offered for several other intra-plate volcanoes that may have been associated with the Rarotonga hotspot hypothesis.
Jenni Barclay is a professor of volcanology at the University of East Anglia. She works on ways to mitigate volcanic risks, the interactions between rainfall and volcanic activity and the communication of volcanic hazards in the Caribbean. Barclay leads the NERC-ESRC funded Strengthening Resilience to Volcanic Hazards (STREVA) research project as well as a Leverhulme Trust programme looking at the volcanic history of the Ascension Islands.
Karen Aplin is a British atmospheric and space physicist. She is currently a professor at the University of Bristol. Aplin has made significant contributions to interdisciplinary aspects of space and terrestrial science, in particular the importance of electrical effects on planetary atmospheres. She was awarded the 2021 James Dungey Lectureship of the Royal Astronomical Society.
Juliet J. Biggs is a British geologist who is Professor of Earth Sciences at the University of Bristol. Her research uses satellite geodesy and interferometric synthetic-aperture radar (InSAR) to understand the physics of the Earth's crust. She was awarded the American Geophysical Union John Wahr Award in 2017 and a European Research Council (ERC) consolidator grant in 2020.
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