Timeline of Frankfurt

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by editing the page to add missing items, with references to reliable sources.

Prior to 19th century

• pre 475 CE – Roman town Nida was the capital of Civitas Taunensium and one of important fortresses near the Limes Germanicus
• 843 CE – City becomes capital of East Francia.
• 1180 – Staufenmauer built.
• 1241 – Judenschlacht – First of two pogroms of Jews in the city.
• 1333 – City expands.
• 1349 – Judenschlacht.
• 1360 – Schützenverein Frankfurt-Höchst (militia) formed. ^[1]
• 1370 – Public clock installed (approximate date). ^[2]
• 1372
  • Free City of Frankfurt becomes part of Holy Roman Empire.
  • City buys forest from Charles IV.
• 1405 – Römer converted into city hall.
• 1428 – Eschenheimer Turm built.
• 1462 – Frankfurter Judengasse established.
• 1493 – Passion play begins. ^[3]
• 1531 – Printing press in operation. ^[4]
• 1581 – Rumpolt's cookbook published. ^[5]
• 1585 – Bourse established.
• 1648 – Peace of Westphalia confirms Frankfurt as an Imperial Free City.
• 1681 – St. Catherine's Church built.
• 1719 – Fire.
• 1739 – Palais Thurn und Taxis built.
• 1742 – The Palais Barckhaus at Zeil in Frankfurt serves as residence of Emperor Charles VII until 1744
• 1748 – Gebrüder Bethmann formed.
• 1750 – Mainzer Landstraße built.
• 1759 – January: City occupied by French. ^[6]
• 1774 – Botanical garden laid out.
• 1790 – 9 October: Coronation of Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor.
• 1792 – City occupied by French.

19th century

• 1806
  • City occupied by French.
  • City becomes Principality of Frankfurt, under Karl Theodor Anton Maria von Dalberg.
• 1808 – Frankfurter Opern- und Museumsorchester (orchestra) established. ^[7]
• 1810 – City becomes part of Grand Duchy of Frankfurt.
• 1812 – City refortified.
• 1815 – Städel founded.
• 1816 – Free City of Frankfurt becomes part of German Confederation.
• 1817 – Population: 41,458 ^[8]
• 1829 – Frankfurter Kunstverein founded.
• 1833
  • Frankfurter Wachensturm. ^[9]
  • Paulskirche built.
• 1839 – Taunus Railway begins operating.
• 1840 – Population: 55,269 ^[8]
• 1843 – Alte Börse (Frankfurt am Main)  ( de ) (stock exchange) built.
• 1846 – International Penitentiary Congress held in Frankfurt. ^[10]
• 1848
  • September: "Uprising." ^[9]
  • Frankfurt Assembly formed.
• 1849 – Constitution of the German Empire proclaimed by Frankfurt Parliament.
• 1856 – Frankfurter Zeitung begins publication.
• 1858 – Frankfurt Zoological Garden founded. ^[11]
• 1859 – Frankfurt City Link Line begins operating.
• 1861 – Population: 71,462. ^[12]
• 1863 – Federation of German Workers Associations  ( de ) founded in Frankfurt. ^[13]
• 1864 – Population: 77,372 ^[8]
• 1866 – City becomes part of Hesse-Nassau, Prussia. ^[9]
• 1867 – Frankfurt Cathedral rebuilt.
• 1868 – Eiserner Steg (bridge) built. ^[14]
• 1871
  • Treaty of Frankfurt signed. ^[9]
  • Palmengarten opens.
• 1872 – Trams begin operating. ^[15]
• 1875 – Population: 103,136. ^[8]
• 1878 – Dr. Hoch's Konservatorium – Musikakademie founded.
• 1879 – Kleinmarkthalle Frankfurt  ( de ) (market) opens. ^[16]
• 1880 – Alte Oper inaugurated.
• 1881 – Metallgesellschaft founded.
• 1886 – Frankfurter Friedensverein (peace group) organized. ^[17]
• 1890 – Population: 179,985 ^[8]
• 1895
  • Bockenheim becomes part of city.
  • Stempel Type Foundry established.
  • Population: 229,279.
• 1897 – Frankfurt Motor Show begins.

20th century

1900s–1940s

Frankfurt at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries

• 1904 – Museum der Weltkulturen founded.
• 1905 – Population: 334,978. ^[8]
• 1907 - May: City hosts the 1907 World Weightlifting Championships and 1907 World Wrestling Championships.
• 1909
  • Städtische Galerie Liebieghaus established.
  • Festhalle built.
• 1914 – University of Frankfurt established.
• 1919 – Population: 433,002. ^[18]
• 1923 – Institute for Social Research founded.
• 1925 – Husarendenkmal (Frankfurt am Main)  ( de ) (monument) installed.
• 1926 – Alte Brücke (Frankfurt) (bridge) rebuilt.
• 1928
  • Höchst becomes part of city. ^[19]
  • Großmarkthalle built.
  • Polish Consulate relocated from Cologne to Frankfurt. ^[20]
  • Population: 551,200.
• 1929
  • Frankfurt Radio Symphony formed. ^[21]
  • Holy Cross Church built.
• 1930 – IG Farben Building constructed.
• 1931 – Frankfurter Volksbank Stadion opens.
• 1934 – Adlerwerke vorm. Heinrich Kleyer established.
• 1936
  • Frankfurt Airport opens.
  • Grüneburgpark opens.
• 1937 – Nazi camp for Sinti and Romani people established (see also Porajmos ). ^[22]
• 1938 – Frankfurt University of Music and Performing Arts founded.
• 1942
  • Nazi camp for Sinti and Romani people dissolved. ^[22]
  • February: Forced labour camp established in the Heddernheim district. ^[23]
• 1944 – Bombing begins.

American troops in Frankfurt in 1945

• 1945
  • 18 March: Forced labour camp in Heddernheim dissolved. Prisoners deported to the Buchenwald concentration camp. ^[23]
  • 26–29 March: Battle of Frankfurt
  • July: American zone of Allied-occupied Germany headquartered in Frankfurt.
  • Frankfurter Rundschau begins publication.
• 1946 – Eschwege displaced persons camp set up.
• 1948
  • Hessischer Rundfunk begins broadcasting.
  • Bank deutscher Länder headquartered in Frankfurt. ^[24]
• 1949
  • Frankfurt Book Fair resumes.
  • Deutsches Institut für Filmkunde founded.
  • Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (newspaper) begins publication.

1950s–1990s

• 1951 – Opern- und Schauspielhaus Frankfurt built.
• 1953 – Population: 600,579.
• 1954 – Goethe House opens.
• 1955 – Frankfurt Egelsbach Airport opens.
• 1957 – Deutsche Bundesbank headquartered in Frankfurt. ^[24]
• 1958
  • Noor Mosque built. ^[25]
  • Museum für Kommunikation Frankfurt and Cinema Kino ^[26] open.
• 1959 – Justizvollzugsanstalt Frankfurt am Main IV  ( de ) (prison) begins operating.
• 1960
  • Sigmund-Freud-Institut  ( de ) founded.
  • City twinned with Lyon, France. ^[27]
• 1963 – Frankfurt Auschwitz Trials begin.
• 1966 – City twinned with Birmingham, United Kingdom. ^[27]
• 1967 – City twinned with Deuil-La Barre, France. ^[27]
• 1968 – Frankfurt U-Bahn begins operating.
• 1970
  • Peace Research Institute Frankfurt ^[28] and Frankfurter Autoren Theater  ( de ) founded.
  • City twinned with Milan, Italy. ^[27]
• 1974 – City-Haus built.
• 1978
  • Rhine-Main S-Bahn begins operating.
  • Historic Railway museum founded.
• 1979
  • Europaturm built.
  • Titanic magazine begins publication.
  • City twinned with Cairo, Egypt. ^[27]
• 1980 – City twinned with Tel Aviv, Israel. ^[27]
• 1981
  • Frankfurt Marathon begins.
  • Museum für Moderne Kunst founded.
• 1984 – German Architecture Museum opens. ^[29]
• 1987 – Neues Theater Höchst  ( de ) founded.
• 1988 – City twinned with Guangzhou, China. ^[27]
• 1989
  • City hosts Bundesgartenschau (garden show). ^[30]
  • City twinned with Toronto, Canada. ^[27]
• 1990
  • May: City hosts the 1990 European Judo Championships.
  • City twinned with Budapest, Hungary, and Prague, Czech Republic. ^[27]
• 1991
  • Andreas von Schoeler becomes mayor.
  • City twinned with Granada, Nicaragua, Kraków, Poland, and Leipzig. ^{[27] [31]}
• 1992 – Institut für Stadtgeschichte (Frankfurt am Main)  ( de ) (Institute for City History) established.
• 1993
  • Westendstrasse 1 built.
  • Deutsche Börse headquartered in Frankfurt.
• 1994 – European Monetary Institute headquartered in Frankfurt. ^[24]
• 1995
  • Deutscher Commercial Internet Exchange founded.
  • Petra Roth becomes mayor.
• 1996 – City website online (approximate date). ^[32]
• 1998 – European Central Bank headquartered in Frankfurt.
• 1999 – Main Tower built.
• 2000
  • Museum Giersch opens.
  • Population: 646,550.

21st century

• 2001 – Cinestar  ( de ) Metropolis (movie theatre) in business. ^[26]
• 2002 – Köln–Frankfurt high-speed rail line begins operating.
• 2003
  • Bikeshare program launched. ^[33]
  • Adorno-Denkmal  ( de ) (monument) installed.
• 2005 - Wikimania conference held in city.
• 2007
  • Holy Cross – Centre for Christian Meditation and Spirituality of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Limburg in the Holy Cross Church in Bornheim founded.
  • City twinned with Dubai, United Arab Emirates. ^[31]
• 2009 – Zeil renovated.
• 2011
  • June–July: City co-hosts the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup.
  • City twinned with Yokohama, Japan. ^[31]
• 2012 - Peter Feldmann becomes mayor. ^[34]
• 2013 – City twinned with Eskişehir, Turkey. ^[31]
• 2014 – Population: 714,241.
• 2015
  • Economic unrest. ^[35]
  • City twinned with Philadelphia, United States. ^[31]

See also

• History of Frankfurt am Main
• List of mayors of Frankfurt

Other cities in the state of Hesse:^(de)

• Timeline of Kassel

References

1. Hermann Tallau (2008). "Alteste (100) Schützenvereinigungen 799-1392". Ein Kaleidoskop zum Schützenwesen (in German). Duderstadt: Mecke Druck und Verlag. ISBN   978-3-936617-85-6.
2. Gerhard Dohrn-van Rossum [in German] (1996). History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders. University of Chicago Press. ISBN   978-0-226-15510-4.
3. William Grange (2006). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of German Theater. Scarecrow Press. ISBN   978-0-8108-6489-4.
4. Henri Bouchot (1890). "Topographical index of the principal towns where early printing presses were established". In H. Grevel (ed.). The book: its printers, illustrators, and binders, from Gutenberg to the present time. London: H. Grevel & Co.
5. Alan Davidson (2014). Oxford Companion to Food (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN   978-0-19-104072-6.
6. Franz A.J. Szabo (2013). "Chronology of Major Events". The Seven Years War in Europe: 1756–1763. Routledge. ISBN   978-1-317-88697-6.
7. Colin Lawson, ed. (2003). "Orchestras Founded in the 19th Century (chronological list)". Cambridge Companion to the Orchestra. Cambridge University Press. ISBN   978-0-521-00132-8.
8. Britannica 1910.
9. Ernest F. Henderson (1937). "Chronological Table: 1658-1914". A Short History of Germany. New York: Macmillan. hdl:2027/uc1.b3851058 – via HathiTrust.
10. Mitchel P. Roth (2006). "Chronology". Prisons and Prison Systems: A Global Encyclopedia. Greenwood. ISBN   978-0-313-32856-5.
11. Führer durch den zoologischen Garten in Frankfurt-am-Main (in German), Frankfurt a.M, 1870, OL   24532112M
12. Georg Friedrich Kolb [in German] (1862). "Deutschland: Frankfurt am Main". Grundriss der Statistik der Völkerzustands- und Staatenkunde (in German). Leipzig: A. Förstnersche Buchhandlung.
13. Masao Nishikawa (2010). Socialists and International Actions for Peace 1914–1923. Frank & Timme. ISBN   978-3-86596-296-6.
14. Tiefbauwesen 1903.
15. Leclerc, Florian (19 May 2022). "Frankfurt: Die Pferdetram wird 150 Jahre alt". Nachrichten aus Deutschland und der Welt, Frankfurter Rundschau (in German). Retrieved 9 July 2022.
16. Ursula Heinzelmann (2008). "Timeline". Food Culture in Germany. Greenwood Press. ISBN   978-0-313-34495-4.
17. Alfred Hermann Fried (1905). Handbuch der Friedensbewegung [Handbook of the Peace Movement] (in German). Vienna: Verlag der Oesterreichischen Friedensgesellschaft.
18. "Germany: Principal Towns". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440 – via HathiTrust.
19. "Die Entwicklung zur modernen Großstadt 1866–1945", Chronik der Stadt Frankfurt am Main (in German), Frankfurt: Institut für Stadtgeschichte, retrieved 30 September 2015
20. Chałupczak, Henryk (2004). "Powstanie i działalność polskich placówek konsularnych w okresie międzywojennym (ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem pogranicza polsko-niemiecko-czechosłowackiego)". In Kaczmarek, Ryszard; Masnyk, Marek (eds.). Konsulaty na pograniczu polsko-niemieckim i polsko-czechosłowackim w 1918–1939 (in Polish). Katowice: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego. p. 20.
21. Colin Lawson, ed. (2003). "Orchestras Founded in the 20th Century (chronological list)". Cambridge Companion to the Orchestra. Cambridge University Press. ISBN   978-0-521-00132-8.
22. "Lager für Sinti und Roma Frankfurt am Main". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 20 August 2022.
23. "Arbeitserziehungslager Frankfurt-Heddernheim". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 20 August 2022.
24. Glyn Davies; Roy Davies (2002). "Comparative Chronology of Money" – via University of Exeter.
25. Jocelyne Cesari, ed. (2014). Oxford Handbook of European Islam. Oxford University Press. ISBN   978-0-19-960797-6.
26. "Movie Theaters in Frankfurt, Germany". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
27. "Die Zeitgeschichte 1945–2000", Chronik der Stadt Frankfurt am Main (in German), Frankfurt: Institut für Stadtgeschichte, retrieved 30 September 2015
28. "Organizations". International Relations and Security Network . Switzerland: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich . Retrieved 30 October 2014.
29. Deutsches Architekturmuseum. "About Us" . Retrieved July 22, 2012.
30. "Bisherige Gartenschauen" [Previous Garden Shows] (in German). Bonn: Deutsche Bundesgartenschau-Gesellschaft. Retrieved 2 December 2013.
31. Frankfurts Partnerstädte (in German), Stadt Frankfurt am Main, retrieved 30 September 2015
32. "Stadt Frankfurt Online" (in German). Archived from the original on 1996-12-31 – via Internet Archive, Wayback Machine.
33. "Exploring Bike-Shares In Other Cities". New York Bike Share Project. Storefront for Art and Architecture . Retrieved 30 November 2014.
34. "German mayors". City Mayors.com. London: City Mayors Foundation . Retrieved 27 April 2013.
35. "Germany riot targets new ECB headquarters in Frankfurt". BBC News. 18 March 2015. Retrieved 23 July 2024.

This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia.

Bibliography

in English

Published in 18th–19th centuries

• Thomas Nugent (1749), "Frankfort", The Grand Tour, vol. 2: Germany and Holland, London: S. Birt, hdl:2027/mdp.39015030762572
• Edward Augustus Domeier (1830), "Frankfort on the Maine", Descriptive Road-Book of Germany, London: Samuel Leigh, hdl:2027/hvd.hx167e
• Webster, Hugh Alexander (1879). "Frankfort-on-the-Main"  . Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 9 (9th ed.).

Published in 20th century

• Frankfurt am Main. City Engineers Dept. (1907). Guide to Some of the Public Works of Frankfort-am-Main.
• Frankfurter Verkehrsverein (1908). Official guide for Frankfort-on-Main and vicinity. Frankfort-on-Main: R. Th. Hauser & Co.
• "Frankfort-on-Main"  . Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 11 (11th ed.). 1910. pp. 17–21.
• "Frankfort", The Rhine, Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1911, OCLC   21888483 + 1882 ed.
• Nathaniel Newnham Davis (1911), "Frankfort-am-Main", The Gourmet's Guide to Europe (3rd ed.), London: Grant Richards
• Martin Herbert Dodge (1920), The government of the city of Frankfort-on-the Main, [New York?], OCLC   2056934, OL   6632558M
• Robert E Dickinson (1951). "Structure of the German City: Frankfurt". West European City: a Geographical Interpretation. Routledge. ISBN   978-1-136-25970-8.
• Carl-Ludwig Holtfrerich [in German] (1999). "Chronicle of Frankfurt as a financial centre (chronology)". Frankfurt as a Financial Centre: From Medieval Trade Fair to European Banking Centre. C.H.Beck. ISBN   978-3-406-45671-8. (chronology)

in German

• Zeiller, Martin (1646). "Franckfurt". Topographia Hassiae et Regionum Vicinarum. Topographia Germaniae (in German). Frankfurt. p. 27+. circa 1646/1655
• "Frankfurt a.M.". Biblioteca geographica: Verzeichniss der seit der Mitte des vorigen Jahrhunderts bis zu Ende des Jahres 1856 in Deutschland (in German). Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann. 1858. (bibliography)
• Stadtgemeinde Frankfurt a.M. (1903). Das städtische Tiefbauwesen in Frankfurt a.M. (in German). Schirmer & Mahkau.
• Frankfurt a.M. Griebens Reiseführer (in German). A. Goldschmidt. 1912.
• P. Krauss und E. Uetrecht, ed. (1913). "Frankfurt a.M.". Meyers Deutscher Städteatlas[Meyer's Atlas of German Cities] (in German). Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut.
• Karl Enslin (1861). Frankfurter Sagenbuch. Sagen und sagenhafte Geschichten aus Frankfurt am Main. Neue Ausgabe (in German). Frankfurt a. M., H. L. Brönner.

External links

• Tourismus+Congress GmbH. Frankfurt City History

50°06′43″N8°41′09″E / 50.111806°N 8.685944°E / 50.111806; 8.685944