Timeline of Hanover

For history of the region, see History of Hanover (region).

Hanover in the 1640s

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Hanover, Germany.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by editing the page to add missing items, with references to reliable sources.

Prior to 19th century

• 1333 - Kreuzkirche (church) consecrated.
• 1347 - Aegidienkirche (church) built.
• 1366 - Marktkirche (church) built.
• 1369 - Welfs in power. ^[2]
• 1382 - Döhrener Tower  [ de ] built near city.
• 1400 - Public clock installed (approximate date). ^[3]
• 1410 - Town Hall building expanded (approximate date).^{(de) [4]}
• 1440 - Stadtbibliothek Hannover  [ de ] (library) founded. ^{[5] [6]}
• 1529 - Hanover Schützenfest established.
• 1550 - Alter Jüdischer Friedhof an der Oberstraße  [ de ] (cemetery) established.
• 1670 - Neustädter Kirche (church) built.
• 1676 - Herrenhausen Palace expansion begins. ^[2]
• 1689
  • Population: 11,373. ^[4]
  • Schlossopernhaus  [ de ] opens with premiere of Steffani's opera Henrico Leone . ^[7]
• 1698 - Leibniz house  [ de ] in use.

Marstall Gate decorated with a bas-relief with the 18th-century coat of arms of Great Britain

• 1720 - Royal Public Library  [ de ] active. ^[8]
• 1726 - Herrenhäuser Allee  [ de ] laid out.
• 1755 - Population: 17,432. ^[4]
• 1797 - Hanover Natural History Society  [ de ] founded. ^[9]
• 1798 - Adressbuch der Stadt Hannover  [ de ] (city directory) begins publication. ^[4]

19th century

• 1810 - Hanover becomes part of the Kingdom of Westphalia. ^[2]
• 1815 - City becomes capital of the Kingdom of Hanover. ^[2]
• 1821 - Population: 33,255. ^[4]
• 1824 - Calenberger Neustadt  [ de ] becomes part of city. ^[4]
• 1826 - Gas lighting installed. ^[10]
• 1832 - Kunstverein Hannover  [ de ] (art society) formed.
• 1835 - Historischer Verein für Niedersachsen  [ de ] (historical society) founded.
• 1838 - Artilleriekaserne am Steintor  [ de ] (military barracks) built.
• 1844 - Hanover–Braunschweig Railway in operation.
• 1847
  • Bremen–Hanover railway begins operating.
  • Development of Ernst-August-Stadt  [ de ] area begins. ^[4]
• 1851 - Thalia Society founded. ^[11]
• 1852
  • Royal Theatre built. ^{[2] [12]}
  • Hannoversches Tageblatt  [ de ] newspaper in publication. ^[4]
• 1853 - Hanoverian Southern Railway begins operating.
• 1854 - Hannoversche Courier  [ de ] newspaper begins publication.
• 1856 - Museum of Art and Science  [ de ] built.
• 1861 - Population: 71,170. ^[13]
• 1864
  • Hanover–Hamburg railway in operation.
  • Stadtfriedhof Engesohde  [ de ] and Jüdischer Friedhof An der Strangriede  [ de ] (cemeteries) established.
• 1865 - Hanover Zoo established. ^[14]
• 1866
  • Hanover becomes part of Prussia. ^[2]
  • Hanover Military Riding Institute  [ de ] active.
  • Welfenschloss (palace) built. ^[2]
  • X Army Corps headquartered in Hanover.
  • Hanover Chamber of Industry and Commerce  [ de ] established.
• 1870 - New Synagogue, Hanover  [ de ] built.
• 1871 - Continental rubber manufacturer in business.
• 1872
  • Horse-drawn tram begins operating.^(de)
  • Goethe Bridge  [ de ] built. ^[15]
• 1879 - Hannover Hauptbahnhof rebuilt.
• 1885 - Population: 139,731. ^[16]
• 1886 - Cumberlandsche Galerie  [ de ] built.
• 1888 - Photographischer Verein founded. ^[17]
• 1889
  • Mellini-Theater  [ de ] opens.
  • Kestner Museum established.
• 1891 - Hainholz  [ de ], Herrenhausen, List  [ de ], and Vahrenwald  [ de ] become part of city. ^[4]
• 1893
  • Electric tram begins operating.^(de)
  • Hannoverscher Anzeiger  [ de ] newspaper begins publication.
• 1895 - Lister Tower  [ de ] and Flusswasserkunst  [ de ] built.
• 1896
  • Hannover 96 football club formed.
  • Holzmarkt Fountain  [ de ] installed.
• 1897 - Music Conservatory established.
• 1898 - Hannoversche Waggonfabrik (manufacturer) in business.

20th century

1900-1945

• 1902 - Provincial museum built. ^[2]
• 1903 - Vaterländisches Museum  [ de ] opens.
• 1904 - Bismarck Tower erected.
• 1907 - Bothfeld  [ de ], Groß-Buchholz  [ de ], Klein-Buchholz, Döhren  [ de ], Kirchrode  [ de ], Mecklenheide, Stöcken, and Wülfel  [ de ] become part of city. ^[4]
• 1908 - Anti-noise society formed. ^[18]
• 1911 - Schauburg  [ de ] (theatre) opens.
• 1913 - New City Hall built in the Maschpark  [ de ].
• 1914
  • Stadthalle built.^(de)
  • Stadtpark (Hannover)  [ de ] opens.
• 1916
  • Kestnergesellschaft (modern art society) formed. ^[19]
  • Duve-Brunnen  [ de ] (fountain) installed in the Neustädter Markt.
• 1918
  • November: German Revolution of 1918–19.
  • Robert Leinert  [ de ] becomes mayor.
• 1919
  • Deutsche Luft-Reederei begins operating its Berlin-Hannover airplane route. ^[20]
  • Population: 310,431. ^[21]
• 1920
  • Linden becomes part of city. ^[4]
  • Hanover Cavalry School  [ de ] established.
• 1921
  • Nazi Party branch established. ^[22]
  • Überlandwerke und Straßenbahnen Hannover AG (public transit entity) active.
  • Hindenburg Villa  [ de ] in use.
• 1923
  • German Völkisch Freedom Party branch established. ^[22]
  • Nazi Niedersächsischer Beobachter  [ de ] weekly newspaper begins publication. ^[22]
• 1924 - Gustav Fink  [ de ] becomes mayor.
• 1925
  • Arthur Menge becomes mayor. ^[19]
  • Population: 422,745. ^[4]
• 1927 - Botanischer Schulgarten Burg (garden) established. ^[23]
• 1936 - Maschsee (lake) created.
• 1937 - Henricus Haltenhoff  [ de ] becomes mayor.
• 1938 - November: Kristallnacht pogrom against Jews.
• 1939
  • September: Bombing of Hanover in World War II by Allied forces begins.
  • Population: 472,527. ^[4]
• 1942 - Ludwig Hoffmeister  [ de ] becomes Staatskommissare.^(de)
• 1944
  • 24 June: Hanover-Limmer concentration camp  [ de ] begins operating. ^[24]
  • 26 June: Hanover-Misburg subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp established. The prisoners were mostly Polish women. ^[25]
  • 1 September: Hanover-Limmer concentration camp redesignated a subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp. ^[24]
  • September: Hanover-Stöcken (Continental) concentration camp  [ de ] begins operating.
  • Late September or early October: Hanover-Langenhagen subcamp of Neuengamme established. The prisoners were mostly Polish women. ^[26]
  • November: Hanover-Ahlem concentration camp  [ de ] established.
  • Egon Bönner  [ de ] becomes Staatskommissare.^(de)

Survivors of the Hanover-Ahlem concentration camp following liberation

• 1945
  • January: Hanover-Langenhagen subcamp of Neuengamme dissolved, surviving prisoners relocated to the Hanover-Limmer camp. ^[26]
  • February: Hanover-Mühlenberg concentration camp  [ de ] begins operating.
  • 6 April: Hanover-Limmer and Hanover-Misburg subcamps of Neuengamme dissolved, surviving prisoners sent on a death march. ^{[25] [24]}
  • 10 April: Allied forces arrive.
  • April–May: Mayor, Regierungspräsident, and Oberpräsident (local government officials) appointed. ^[27]

1946-1990s

• 1946 - February: Flood.^(de)
• 1947
  • 1 April: Food protest. ^[28]
  • Hannover Messe (trade fair) begins. ^[4]
• 1949
  • Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung (newspaper) in publication.
  • Europa-Haus  [ de ] built. ^[29]
• 1950s - Hannover War Cemetery established.
• 1951 - Youth House  [ de ] built.
• 1952
  • Landesbühne Hannover  [ de ] (theatre) established. ^[29]
  • Trade union building  [ de ] built.
• 1954
  • Niedersachsenstadion (stadium) opens.
  • Mannesmann Tower erected.
  • Frühlingsfest Hannover  [ de ] begins.
  • Markthalle Hannover  [ de ] rebuilt.
• 1965 - Oktoberfest Hannover  [ de ] begins.
• 1965 - Population: 555,228.
• 1969 - IBM-Haus  [ de ] built.
• 1970 - Norddeutsche Landesbank headquartered in city.
• 1972 - Herbert Schmalstieg  [ de ] becomes mayor. ^[29]
• 1974 - Ahelm, Anderten, Bemerode, Misburg, Vinnhorst, Wettbergen, and Wülferode  [ de ] become part of city. ^[4]
• 1975
  • Hanover Stadtbahn begins operating.
  • Eilenriedehalle built in the Hannover Congress Centrum  [ de ].
• 1979 - Sprengel Museum opens.
• 1987 - Klecks-Theater Hannover  [ de ] founded.
• 1991 - Hanover–Würzburg high-speed railway built.
• 1992 - Hanover City Archive  [ de ] moves to Bokemahle in Südstadt-Bult  [ de ]. ^[30]
• 2000
  • June: Expo 2000 opens.
  • Hanover S-Bahn commuter rail begins operating.

21st century

• 2001 - Gehry Tower built.
• 2002 - Nord/LB headquarters  [ de ] built.
• 2005 - Regional Lower Saxony State Archives  [ de ] established, including its Hanover office  [ de ]. ^[31]
• 2006 - Stephan Weil (SPD) becomes mayor.
• 2008
  • Hannover City 2020 +  [ de ] urban planning process begins. ^[32]
  • Baitus Sami Mosque built.
• 2013 - Stefan Schostok becomes mayor.
• 2014 - Population: 523,642.
• 2019 - Belit Onay (Greens) becomes mayor.

Images

• 
  Herrenhäuser Allee, laid out in 1726 (postcard from 1906)
• 
  Vaterländisches Museum, opened in 1903
• 
  Crowd outside house of Hindenburg on day he becomes President of Germany, 12 May 1925
• 
  Bombed wreckage of Old Town Hall, 1943
• 
  Flood, 1946

See also

• Hanover history
• History of Hanover (city)  [ de ]
• History of Hanover (region)
• History of the Jews in Hannover
• List of mayors of Hanover
• Maps of Hanover  [ de ]
• List of former buildings in Hanover  [ de ]

Other cities in the state of Lower Saxony:^(de)

• Timeline of Braunschweig

References

1. Johannes Angelius Werdenhagen (1641). De rebuspublicis Hanseaticis (in Latin). Illustrator: Matthäus Merian the Elder (2nd ed.). Frankfurt: Matthäus Merian the Elder. pp. 1297–1298. OCLC   65321745. Wikidata   Q127276178.
2. Britannica 1910.
3. Gerhard Dohrn-van Rossum [in German] (1996). History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders. University of Chicago Press. ISBN   978-0-226-15510-4.
4. Mlynek 2009.
5. Julius Petzholdt [in German] (1853), "Hannover", Handbuch Deutscher Bibliotheken (in German), Halle: H.W. Schmidt, OCLC   8363581
6. "Ubersicht uber die Geschichte der Stadt-Bibliothek", Katalog der Stadt-bibliothek zu Hannover (in German), 1901, hdl:2027/mdp.39015065762273
7. "Nds. Staatstheater Hannover GmbH (NSH)". NLA Hannover (in German). Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv Hannover  [ de ]. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
8. "Über uns: Geschichte" (in German). Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Bibliothek. Retrieved 30 November 2015.
9. Jim Parrott (ed.). "Chronology of Scholarly Societies". Scholarly Societies Project. Canada: University of Waterloo. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
10. Chambers 1901.
11. Lindau 2000.
12. Fischer 1899.
13. "Germany: States of North Germany: Prussia". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1869. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590337.
14. Vernon N. Kisling, ed. (2000). "Zoological Gardens of Germany (chronological list)". Zoo and Aquarium History. USA: CRC Press. ISBN   978-1-4200-3924-5.
15. Magistrat 1908.
16. "German Empire". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1890. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590527.
17. Königliche Museen zu Berlin (1904). Kunsthandbuch für Deutschland (in German) (6th ed.). Georg Reimer.
18. Florence Feiereisen; Alexandra Merley Hill, eds. (2011). Germany in the Loud Twentieth Century. Oxford University Press. ISBN   978-0-19-987722-5.
19. Heine 1994.
20. Patrick Robertson (2011). Robertson's Book of Firsts. Bloomsbury. ISBN   978-1-60819-738-5.
21. "Germany". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440.
22. Farquharson 1973.
23. "Garden Search: Germany". London: Botanic Gardens Conservation International . Retrieved 30 November 2015.
24. "Hannover-Limmer". KZ-Gedenkstätte Neuengamme. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
25. "Hannover-Misburg". KZ-Gedenkstätte Neuengamme. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
26. "Hannover-Langenhagen". KZ-Gedenkstätte Neuengamme. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
27. Marshall 1986.
28. "March 24-April 6, 1947". Chronology of International Events and Documents. 3. London: Royal Institute of International Affairs. 1947. JSTOR   40545021.
29. Mlynek 1991.
30. "Stadtarchiv: Archivgeschichte". Hannover.de (in German). Retrieved 30 November 2015.
31. "Niedersächsische Landesarchiv: Geschichte des Landesarchivs". Niedersachsen.de (in German). Retrieved 30 November 2015.
32. "Hannover City 2020 +". Hannover.de (in German). Presse- und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit der Landeshauptstadt Hannover. Retrieved 30 November 2015.

This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia.

Bibliography

in English

• Abraham Rees (1819), "Hanover", The Cyclopaedia, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown, hdl:2027/mdp.39015057241179
• Edward Augustus Domeier (1830), "Hanover", Descriptive Road-Book of Germany, London: Samuel Leigh, hdl:2027/hvd.hx167e
• "Hanover". Handbook for North Germany. London: J. Murray. 1886. hdl:2027/hvd.hn1imr.
• "Hanover". Chambers's Encyclopaedia. London. 1901. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t1fj2r624.
• "Hanover", Northern Germany (15th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1910, OCLC   78390379 + 1873 ed.
• "Hanover (city)"  . Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 12 (11th ed.). 1910. pp. 926–927.
• Robert E Dickinson (1951). "Structure of the German City: Hanover". West European City: a Geographical Interpretation. Routledge. ISBN   978-1-136-25970-8.
• John Farquharson (1973), "The NSDAP in Hanover and Lower Saxony 1921-26", Journal of Contemporary History, 8 (4): 103–120, doi:10.1177/002200947300800406, JSTOR   260130, S2CID   159784977
• Barbara Marshall (1986), "Democratization of Local Politics in the British Zone of Germany: Hanover 1945-47", Journal of Contemporary History, 21 (3): 413–451, doi:10.1177/002200948602100304, JSTOR   260436, S2CID   154840068
• Werner Heine & Annette Haxton (1994), "'Futura' without a Future: Kurt Schwitters' Typography for Hanover Town Council, 1929-1934", Journal of Design History, 7 (2): 127–140, doi:10.1093/jdh/7.2.127, JSTOR   1316081

in German

published in the 19th century

• Hoppe (1845). Geschichte der Stadt Hannover (in German).
• Friedrich Wilhelm Andreae (1859). Chronik der residenzstadt Hannover (in German). Hildesheim: Finckesche Buchhandlung.
• Adressbuch, Stadt- und Geschäfts-Handbuch der königlichen Residenzstadt Hannover (in German). 1872 – via HathiTrust. + 1884 ed.
• Hannoversche Geschichtsblätter  [ de ] (in German). Vereins für die Geschichte der Stadt Hannover. 1898. ongoing
• "Hannover (Stadt)". Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon (in German). Vol. 8 (14th ed.). Leipzig: Brockhaus. 1896. hdl:2027/njp.32101064064585.
• Georg Fischer [in German] (1899). Opern und Concerte im Hoftheater zu Hannover bis 1866 (in German). Hanover: Hahn.

published in the 20th century

• Otto Jürgens [in German] (1907). Hannoversche chronik. Veröffentlichung zur niedersächsischen geschichte,6 (in German). Hanover: Geibel. (chronology)
• Verwaltungsbericht des Magistrats der Koniglichen Haupt- und Residenzstadt Hannover, 1906-07 [Management report of the magistrate of the royal residence and capital city of Hanover] (in German). Hanover: Aug. Eberlein & Co. 1908.
• P. Krauss; E. Uetrecht, eds. (1913). "Hannover". Meyers Deutscher Städteatlas [Meyer's Atlas of German Cities] (in German). Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut.
• Hannover und Hildesheim. Griebens Reiseführer (in German). Vol. 151 (2nd ed.). Berlin: Albert Goldschmidt. 1914 – via HathiTrust.
• Adelheid von Saldern, ed. (1989). Stadt und Moderne: Hannover in der Weimarer Republik (in German). Ergebnisse. ISBN   978-3-925622-51-9.
• Klaus Mlynek; Waldemar R. Röhrbein, eds. (1991). Hannover Chronik (in German). Schlütersche Verlagsgesellschaft  [ de ]. ISBN   978-3-87706-319-4. (chronology)
• Klaus Mlynek; Waldemar R. Röhrbein, eds. (1994). Geschichte der Stadt Hannover (in German). Schlütersche. ISBN   978-3-87706-364-4.
• Friedrich Lindau (2000). Hannover: Wiederaufbau und Zerstörung; die Stadt im Umgang mit ihrer bauhistorischen Identität (in German) (2nd ed.). Schlütersche. ISBN   978-3-87706-659-1.

published in the 21st century

• Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon  [ de ] (in German). 2002.
• Hannover. Kunst- und Kultur-Lexikon  [ de ] (in German) (4th ed.). 2007.
• Klaus Mlynek; et al., eds. (2009), Stadtlexikon Hannover (in German), Schlütersche, ISBN   9783842682078 – via Google Books^(de)

External links

• "Stadtgeschichte". Hannover.de (in German). Landeshauptstadt Hannover.