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As of 2015, there are at least two translations of the Tirukkural available in the Polish language. [1]
| Part of a series on |
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As of 2015, there are at least two translations of the Tirukkural available in the Polish language. [1]
The first Polish translation of the Kural text was made in prose in 1958 by Umadevi and Wandy Dynowskiej, [2] : 120 published by the Indo-Polish Library (Biblioteka Polsko-Indyjska). [3] With 141 pages, it was only a partial translation. During the same year, a parallel edition by the same translator appeared in Poland. [4] A verse translation was made by Bohdan Gębarski, published in 1977 under the title Tirukkural. Święta księga południowych Indii. [3] It is a complete translation. It was published again in 1998. [5]
| Translation | Chapter 26, O Mięsożerstwie | |
|---|---|---|
| Kural 254 (Couplet 26:4) | Kural 258 (Couplet 26:8) | |
| Bohdan Gębarski, 1977 | Wiele człowiek ma cech drapieżnego zwierzęcia, Przecież ubój to też mordowanie. | Niech więc śmierć ta przedwcześnie zwierzęciu zadana Nie obciąża twojego sumienia. |
Tirukkural, also known as the Kural, an ancient Indian treatise on the ethics and morality of the commoner, is one of the most widely translated non-religious works in the world. Authored by the ancient Tamil poet-philosopher Thiruvalluvar, the work has been translated into 57 languages, with a total of 350 individual translations, including 143 different renderings in the English language alone.
Tirukkural remains one of the most widely translated non-religious works in the world. As of 2014, there were at least 57 versions available in the English language alone. English, thus, continues to remain the language with most number of translations available of the Kural text.
Latin is the first foreign language into which the Tirukkuṟaḷ was translated. There are three known translations of the Kural text available in Latin.
Hindi perhaps has many translations of the Tirukkural. As of 2000, there were at least 19 translations of the Kural text available in Hindi. Many of these translations are in verse form.
As of 2024, there were at least five translations of the Tirukkural available in Arabic. The Kural text is the first, and so far the only, Tamil work to be translated directly into Arabic. It is also the first Tamil work to be released in the Arabian soil.
Among the European languages, German has the third highest number of translations of the Tirukkural, after English and French. As of 2015, there were at least eight translations of the Kural text available in German.
As of 2015, the Chinese language had two translations available of the Tirukkural.
As of 2015, the Japanese language has two translations available of the Tirukkural.
As of 2015, there were at least three Gujarati translations available of the Tirukkural.
As of 2015, there were at least five Sanskrit translations available of the Tirukkural 724 into sanskrit
As of 2015, there were at least four translations of the Tirukkural available in Bengali.
As of 2015, Tirukkural has been translated into Rajasthani only once.
As of 2015, Tirukkural has been translated into Saurashtra only once.
As of 2015, Tirukkural has been translated into Sinhalese at least twice.
As of 2015, Urdu has at least two translations available of the Tirukkural.
As of 2015, Tirukkural has been translated into Czech only once.
As of 2015, Tirukkural has been translated into Dutch only once.
As of 2015, there is only one translation of the Tirukkural available in Swedish.
As of 2023, Konkani has three translations available of the Tirukkural.
As of 2015, Fijian had at least two translations available of the Tirukkural.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2024 (link)
