Transcription into Korean

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Foreign words when used in Korean undergo transcription, to make them pronounceable and memorable. Transcription into Korean, for the most part, is very similar to or even influenced by transcription into Japanese, although the number of homophones resulted by imperfect mapping of foreign sounds onto native sounds is significantly smaller, as Korean has a larger phoneme inventory and a more inclusive phonotactics.

Contents

Practicalities of transcription

The typical syllable structure of Korean is CGVC, with C being "consonant", G "glide", and V "vowel". Consonants and glides are optional. A few English words may get irregular transcription treatment, likely due to the influence of Japanese. Eg: shirt → 샤츠 sya-cheu (Japanese シャツ sha-tsu); mother → 마더 ma-deo (Japanese マザー ma-za-a); dragon → 드래곤 deu-rae-gon (Japanese ドラゴン do-ra-gon); level → 레벨 re-bel (Japanese レベル re-be-ru).

For the most part, transcription into Korean is phonemic, i.e., based on the phonologies of both the source and the target languages (Korean itself). However, [l], an allophone of /r/ in Korean, is utilized syllable-finally and intervocalically to transcribe the foreign sound /l/. This makes the foreign sound /l/ more transcribable into Korean than it is into Japanese, which has no strategic differences between [l] and /r/. E.g.: ball → 볼 bol (Japanese ボール bo-o-ru); gallon → 갤런 gal-leon (Japanese ガロン ga-ron). Note that [l] is always geminated intervocallically in transcriptions. E.g.: Hellen → 헬렌 Hel-len. Syllable-initially, the foreign liquid sounds /r/ and /l/ are rendered as /r/. E.g.: right and light → 라이트 ra-i-teu (Japanese ライト ra-i-to)

Consonants and vowels are transcribed to the native ones that approximate them the most, because, of course, Korean does not have all the sounds of all languages, nor has it developed any new sounds due to recent linguistic contact like Japanese with new sounds like /f/ or even /v/. E.g.: father → 파더 pa-deo (Japanese ファザー fa-za-a. Particularly, transcription into Korean tend to be more conservative as it only employs available hangul syllables, rather than establishing new, non-native combinations like Japanese. For example, the English word "warrior" is transcribed into Korean as 워리어 wo-ri-eo using 워, a pre-existing syllable composed of ᅮ u and ᅥ eo, rather than with a combination of u and o; in contrast, it is transcribed into Japanese as ウォリアー wo-ri-a-a, using ウォ, a non-native combination. On another note, the foreign phoneme /v/ is always transcribed as ᆸ b(eu) (native) into Korean, but as either b(u) (native) or v(u) (non-native) into Japanese.

Consonants

Like Japanese, Korean does not allow any consonant clusters other than CG, therefore, when foreign words with such clusters are transcribed, the clusters are broken down and distributed among several syllables. For example, the English word brand is transcribed into Korean as 브랜드 beu-raen-deu (compare Japanese ブランド bu-ra-n-do), wherein the sequence bran is broken down into two syllables, beu-raen. In these cases, a vowel ㅡ eu is inserted in between the consonants of the cluster (compare Japanese u, o).

Korean has seven consonants that can occur at the end of a syllable and that are used in transcriptions. Those are /p/, /t/, /k/, /r/, /m/, /n/ and /ŋ/. /p/, /t/ and /k/ generally represent foreign voiceless consonants, although /p/ and /k/ (rendered using jamo ㅂ and ㄱ) occasionally denote voiced consonants, too. E.g.: lab and lap → 랩 raep; deck → 덱 dek. Foreign /t/ is variously rendered as ㅅ or 트 teu. E.g.: secret → 시크릿 si-keu-rit; set → 세트 se-teu. Foreign /p/, /t/, /k/ are rendered using jamo ㅂ, ㅅ, ㄱ if the preceding foreign vowel is short, but generally using 프 peu, 트 teu, 크 keu if that vowel is long or a diphthong. E.g.: map → 맵 maep (Japanese マップ ma-p-pu), but mark → 마크 ma-keu (Japanese マーク ma-a-ku) and type → 타이프 ta-i-peu (but also 타입 ta-ip) (Japanese タイプ ta-i-pu). Foreign /l/, /m/, /n/, /ŋ/ are always rendered using jamo ㄹ, ㅁ, ㄴ, ㅇ, regardless of the quality of the preceding vowel. E.g.: Tom → 톰 Tom; time → 타임 ta-im.

Syllable-finally, foreign consonants not covered by the seven sounds above are transcribed as Cㅡ Ceu (C for "consonant"). E.g.: dead → 데드 de-deu (Japanese デッド de-d-do); speed → 스피드 seu-pi-deu (Japanese スピード su-pi-i-do); five → 파이브 pa-i-beu (Japanese ファイブ fa-i-bu); life → 라이프 ra-i-peu (Japanese ライフ ra-i-fu).

Vowels

Also, like Japanese, modern Korean lacks diphthongs (ancient diphthongs have all developed into monophthongs). Likewise, foreign diphthongs are broken down and distributed among two syllables. For example, English eye is transcribed into Korean as 아이 a-i (compare Japanese アイ a-i), wherein the diphthong /aɪ/ is rendered as a-i.

Korean has a larger phoneme inventory than Japanese, which allows broader coverage when transcribing foreign sounds. Whereas Japanese uses a single "a" sound for various English sounds such as /æ/, /ɑː/, /ə/, /ʌ/, Korean uses ㅐ ae for /æ/, ㅏ a for /ɑː/, ㅓ eo for /ə/ and /ʌ/. E.g.: hand → 핸드 haen-deu; card → 카드 ka-deu; hunter → 헌터 heon-teo. Occasionally, however, the choice of sounds for transcription is influenced by Japanese. E.g.: brother → 브라더 beu-ra-deo (Japanese ブラザー bu-ra-za-a); dragon → 드래곤 deuraegon (Japanese ドラゴン do-ra-go-n).

Like Japanese, transcription from English into Korean is largely based on Received Pronunciation (non-rhotic). However, while Japanese still denotes English vowels like /ɑː/ in car, /ɔː/ in course, /ə/ in monster as lengthened vowels (a-a, o-o, a-a respectively), Korean ignores vowel length almost entirely, although such length is still indirectly denoted in some cases mentioned above with the use of 프 peu, 트 teu, 크 keu. E.g.: car → 카 ka (Japanese カー ka-a); card → 카드 ka-deu (Japanese カード ka-a-do); course → 코스 ko-seu (Japanese コース ko-o-su); monster → 몬스터 mon-seu-teo (Japanese モンスター mo-n-su-ta-a).

Table of transcription from English

English phonemesCommon English graphemes Korean transcription jamo with Revised Romanization in italicsExamples
Received Pronunciation General American If the English consonant is prevocalic and not postvocalic If the English consonant is intervocalic If the English consonant is not prevocalic
/æ/⟨a⟩; ⟨ae⟩; ⟨al⟩; ⟨au⟩ae; ㅏ a핸드 haendeu "hand"; 양키 Yangki "Yankee"
/ɒ//ɑː/; /ɔː/⟨a⟩; ⟨ach⟩; ⟨au⟩; ⟨o⟩; ⟨ou⟩o; ㅏ aTom "Tom"; 톱 top, 탑 tap "top"; 복스 bokseu, 박스 bakseu "box"
/ɑː//æ/; /ɑː/⟨a⟩; ⟨al⟩; ⟨au⟩a하프 hapeu "half"; 파더 padeo "father"
/ɑː(ɹ)//ɑːɹ/⟨ar⟩; ⟨ear⟩; ⟨er⟩ㅏㄹ ara카드 kadeu "card"
/aɪ/⟨ai⟩; ⟨ei⟩; ⟨eigh⟩; ⟨i⟩; ⟨ic⟩; ⟨ie⟩; ⟨igh⟩; ⟨is⟩; ⟨oy⟩; ⟨uy⟩; ⟨y⟩; ⟨ye⟩ㅏ이 ai다이스 daiseu "dice"; 타임 taim "time"
/aɪə(ɹ)//aɪɚ/; /aɪ/⟨ia(r)⟩; ⟨igher⟩; ⟨ire⟩; ⟨iro⟩ㅏ이어ㄹ aieorㅏ이어 aieo; ㅏ이아 aia파이어 paieo "fire"; 다이어리 daieori "diary"; 다이아몬드 daiamondeu "diamond"
/aɪl//l/⟨ile⟩ㅏ일 ail미사일 misail "missile"
/aʊ/⟨au⟩; ⟨ou⟩; ⟨ough⟩; ⟨ow⟩ㅏ우 au타운 taun "town"
/aʊə(ɹ)//aʊɚ/⟨our⟩; ⟨ower⟩ㅏ워ㄹ aworㅏ워 awo파워 pawo "power"
/b/⟨b⟩; ⟨bb⟩; ⟨be⟩; ⟨pb⟩bp; 브 beu벤치 benchi "bench"; 래빗 raebit "rabbit"; 레이크 beureikeu "brake"; 랩 raep "lab"; 태taebeu "tab"; 테이블 teibeul "table"
/d/⟨d⟩; ⟨dd⟩; ⟨de⟩ddeu도어 do-eo; 페이딩 peiding "fading"; 레이크 deureikeu "drake"; 베bedeu "bed"; 미들 mideul "middle"
/djuː//duː/⟨dew⟩; ⟨du⟩; ⟨due⟩dyudyueol "dual", "duel"; dyu "dew", "due"
/dz/⟨ds⟩; ⟨dds⟩jeu에이eijeu "AIDS"
/dʒ/⟨di⟩; ⟨dg⟩; ⟨dge⟩; ⟨g⟩; ⟨ge⟩; ⟨j⟩jjji점프 jeompeu "jump"; 버짓 beojit "budget"; 솔저 soljeo "soldier"; 에eji "edge"; 에인절 einjeol "angel"
/ð/⟨th⟩; ⟨the⟩ddeudeo, 디 di "the"; 마더 madeo "mother"; 알고리듬 algorideum "algorithm"
/ɛ/⟨e⟩; ⟨ea⟩; ⟨ie⟩; ⟨oe⟩e엔드 endeu "end"; 프렌드 peurendeu "friend"
/ɛə(ɹ)//ɛɹ/⟨ar⟩; ⟨aer⟩; ⟨air⟩; ⟨are⟩; ⟨ear⟩; ⟨eir⟩; ⟨ere⟩; ⟨ey're⟩ㅔ어ㄹ eeorㅔ어 eeo에어eeo "air"; 에어리어 eeorieo "area"
/ə/⟨a⟩eo; ㅏ a; ㅐ ae멀리건 meolligeon "mulligan"; 고섬 Goseom "Gotham"; 바우트 eobauteu "about"; 에어리eeorieo "area"; 아칸소 Akanso "Arkansas"; 오스트레일리Oseuteureillia "Australia"; 크리스마스 Keuriseumaseu "Christmas"; 잉글랜드 Inggeullaendeu "England"
⟨e⟩; ⟨gh⟩; ⟨ou⟩; ⟨ough⟩; ⟨u⟩eo테스타먼트 teseutameonteu "testament"; 세일럼 Seilleom "Salem"; 서러 seoreo "thorough"; 에든버러 Edinbeoreo "Edinburgh"; 앨범 aelbeom "album"; 바이러스 baireoseu "virus"; 앨버커키 Albeokeoki "Albuquerque"; 뉴펀들랜드 Nyupeondeullaendeu "Newfoundland"
⟨o⟩eo; ㅗ o커먼 keomeon "common"; 세컨드 sekeondeu "second"; 다이너소어 daineosoeo "dinosaur"; 킹덤 kingdeom "kingdom"; 오브 obeu; 포테이토 poteito "potato"; 스켈레톤 seukelleton "skeleton"; 드래곤 deuraegon "dragon"
/ə(ɹ)//ɚ/⟨ar⟩; ⟨er⟩; ⟨or⟩; ⟨our⟩; ⟨ure⟩ㅓㄹ eoreo; ㅓ르 eoreu컴퓨터 kompyuteo "computer"; 컬러 keolleo "color"; 커서 keoseo "cursor"; 멜버른 Melbeoreun "Melbourne"
/əl/; /l/⟨ael⟩; ⟨al⟩; ⟨el⟩; ⟨le⟩eol; eul; el스페셜 seupesyeol "special"; 패널 paeneol "panel"; 머슬 meoseul "muscle"; 사이클 saikeul "cycle"; 배틀 baeteul "battle"; 스테이플 seuteipeul "staple"; 퍼즐 peojeul "puzzle"; 마이클 Maikeul "Michael"; 레벨 rebel "level", "revel", "rebel"
/ən/; /n/⟨ain⟩in; eun마운틴 mauntin; 브리튼 Beuriteun "Britain"
⟨en⟩eun; in하이픈 haipeun "hyphen"; 세븐 sebeun "seven"; 토큰 tokeun "token"; 서든 seodeon "sudden"; 시즌 sijeun; 치킨 chikin "chicken"; 키친 kichin "kitchen"
/əʊ//oʊ/⟨au⟩; ⟨eau⟩; ⟨eaux⟩; ⟨o⟩; ⟨oa⟩; ⟨oe⟩; ⟨oh⟩; ⟨ough⟩; ⟨ow⟩; ⟨owe⟩o; ㅗ우 ousyo "show"; 포니 poni; 오하이오 Ohaio "Ohio"; 솔 sol, 소울 soul "soul"
/ɜː(ɹ)//ɜːɹ/⟨ear⟩; ⟨er⟩; ⟨ir⟩; ⟨olo⟩; ⟨ur⟩ㅓㄹ eoreo어스 eoseu "earth"; 웜 wom "worm"; 퍼리 peori "furry"
/eɪ/⟨a⟩; ⟨ae⟩; ⟨ai⟩; ⟨ait⟩; ⟨al⟩; ⟨au⟩; ⟨ay⟩; ⟨e⟩; ⟨ei⟩; ⟨eigh⟩; ⟨et⟩; ⟨ey⟩ㅔ이 ei게임 geim "game"
/f/⟨f⟩; ⟨fe⟩; ⟨ff⟩; ⟨gh⟩; ⟨ph⟩; ⟨u⟩ppeu파울 paul "foul"; 이펙트 ipekteu "effect"; 러reopeu "rough"; 러플 reopeul "ruffle"; peullik "flick"; 피시 pisi "fish"
Exception: 휘시 huisi "fish"
/ɡ/⟨g⟩; ⟨gg⟩; ⟨gh⟩; ⟨gu⟩; ⟨gue⟩gk; 그 geugeon "gun"; 백 baek "bag"; 버beogeu "bug"; 이글 igeul "eagle"; 글라스 geullaseu "glass"
/ɡz/⟨gs⟩; ⟨ggs⟩; ⟨x⟩; ⟨xh⟩그ㅈ geuj그스 geuseu이그잼 igeujaem "exam"; 이그조스트 igeujoseuteu "exhaust"; 에그스egeuseu "eggs"
/h/⟨gh⟩; ⟨h⟩; ⟨wh⟩h헌터 heonteo "hunter"
/ɪ/⟨a⟩; ⟨ae⟩; ⟨e⟩; ⟨ei⟩; ⟨i⟩; ⟨ie⟩; ⟨oe⟩i; ㅔ e인풋 input "input"; 메시지 mesiji "message"; 쵸콜레트 chyokolleteu "chocolate"; 스켈레톤 seukelleton "skeleton"
/ɪə(ɹ)//ɪɹ/⟨aer⟩; ⟨e're⟩; ⟨ear⟩; ⟨eer⟩; ⟨er⟩; ⟨ere⟩; ⟨ier⟩; ⟨ir⟩ㅣ어ㄹ ieorㅣ어 ieo기어 gieo "gear"; 히어로 hieoro "hero"
/i/⟨ay⟩; ⟨e⟩; ⟨ea⟩; ⟨ee⟩; ⟨ey⟩; ⟨i⟩; ⟨y⟩i시티 siti "city"; 양키 Yangki "Yankee"; 허니 heoni "honey"
/iː/⟨ae⟩; ⟨e⟩; ⟨ea⟩; ⟨ee⟩; ⟨i⟩; ⟨ie⟩; ⟨oe⟩i; ㅔ etim "team"; 하이haiena "hyena"
/j/⟨y⟩y옐로 yello "yellow"
/ju(ː)/; /jʊ//ju(ː)/; /jə/⟨eu⟩; ⟨u⟩; ⟨you⟩; ⟨yu⟩; ⟨ut⟩yu니언 yunieon "union"; 더블deobeuryu "W"; 새뮤얼 Samyueol "Samuel"
/jʊə(ɹ)/; /jəɹ//jʊɹ/; /jəɹ/⟨eu(r)⟩; ⟨u(r)⟩; ⟨you(r)⟩; ⟨you're⟩; ⟨yu(r)⟩; ⟨uh(r)⟩유ㄹ yur; 유어ㄹ yueor유어 yueo유럽 Yureop "Europe"; 유어yueo "your", "you're"; 머큐리 Meokyuri "Mercury"
/k/⟨c⟩; ⟨cc⟩; ⟨ch⟩; ⟨che⟩; ⟨ck⟩; ⟨k⟩; ⟨ke⟩; ⟨kh⟩; ⟨qu⟩; ⟨que⟩kk; 크 keukik "kick"; 스파이seupaikeu "spike"; 로니클 keuronikeul "chronicle"
/ks/⟨cc⟩; ⟨cs⟩; ⟨chs⟩; ⟨cks⟩; ⟨ks⟩; ⟨khs⟩; ⟨x⟩; ⟨xe⟩ㄱㅅ ksㄱ스 kseu멕시코 Meksiko "Mexico"; 콤플렉스 kompeullekseu "complex"
/kʃ/⟨cti⟩; ⟨xi⟩ksy커넥션 keoneksyeon "connection", "connexion"
/kʃuəl/⟨xual⟩ksyueol섹슈얼 seksyueol "sexual"
/kw/⟨cqu⟩; ⟨qu⟩kwkwin "queen"
/kwɔː(ɹ)//kwɔːɹ/⟨quar⟩kwokwokeu "quark"
/l/⟨l⟩; ⟨le⟩; ⟨ll⟩r; ㄹㄹ llㄹㄹ lll루프 rupeu "loop"; 밸런스 baelleonseu "balance"; 세일 seil "sale", "sail"; 블랙 beullaek "black"; 걸 geol "girl"; 캐슬 kaeseul "castle"
/m/⟨m⟩; ⟨mb⟩; ⟨me⟩; ⟨mm⟩; ⟨mn⟩mㅁㅁ mmm마임 maim "mime"; 서몬 seomon "summon"; 감마 gamma "gamma"
/n/⟨n⟩; ⟨nd⟩; ⟨ne⟩; ⟨nn⟩n나인 nain "nine"; 베넷 Benet "Bennett"
/njuː/; /njʊə(ɹ)//nuː/; /nʊɹ/⟨new(r)⟩; ⟨neur⟩; ⟨nu(r)⟩; ⟨nure⟩뉴(ㄹ) nyu(r)nyu "new"; 뉴런 nyureon "neuron"
/ŋ/⟨n⟩; ⟨ng⟩ng싱어 sing-eo "singer"; 핑거 pinggeo "finger"; 킹 king "king"; 랭크 raengkeu "rank"
/ɔː/⟨al⟩; ⟨au⟩; ⟨aw⟩; ⟨oa⟩; ⟨ough⟩o; ㅗ우 ou토크 tokeu "talk"; 스트리아 Oseuteuria "Austria"; 드로우 deurou "draw"
/ɔːl/⟨al⟩; ⟨aul⟩; ⟨awl⟩ollol터너티브 olteoneotibeu "alternative"
Exceptions: 왈츠 walcheu "waltz"; 어썰트 eosseolteu "assault"
/ɔː(ɹ)//ɔːɹ/⟨ar⟩; ⟨aur⟩; ⟨oar⟩; ⟨or⟩; ⟨our⟩; ⟨wor⟩o; ㅗ어 o-eo; ㅗ르 oreu; ㅏ apo "four"; 오어o-eo "or"; 노르웨이 Noreuwei "Norway"; 호그와트 Hogeuwateu
⟨oor⟩; ⟨ore⟩ㅗ어 o-eo코어 ko-eo "core"; 도어 do-eo "door"
/ɔɪ/⟨eu⟩; ⟨oi⟩; ⟨oy⟩ㅗ이 oi코인 koin "coin"
/p/⟨p⟩; ⟨pe⟩; ⟨ph⟩; ⟨pp⟩pp; 프 peupap "pop"; 타입 taip, 타이taipeu "type"; 커플 keopeul "couple"; 루프 peurupeu "proof"
/ɹ/; /(ɹ)//ɹ/⟨lo⟩; ⟨r⟩; ⟨re⟩; ⟨rh⟩; ⟨rps⟩; ⟨rr⟩; ⟨rt⟩romitted; 르 reuraep "rap"; 애로호 aerou; 노웨이 Noreuwei "Norway"
/s/⟨'s⟩; ⟨c⟩; ⟨ce⟩; ⟨s⟩; ⟨s'⟩; ⟨sc⟩; ⟨se⟩; ⟨ss⟩; ⟨st⟩; ⟨sw⟩s; ㅆ ssseu어썰트 eosseolteu "assault"; 키kiseu "kiss"; 슬립 seullip "slip"; 캐슬 kaeseul "castle"
/ʃ/⟨ch⟩; ⟨che⟩; ⟨ci⟩; ⟨s⟩; ⟨sc⟩; ⟨sch⟩; ⟨sh⟩; ⟨si⟩; ⟨sti⟩; ⟨ti⟩s; sy; swsi; 슈 syusip "ship"; 셰프 syepeu "chef"; 애aesi "ash"; 위wisyu "wish"; 셸 syel, 쉘 swel "shell"
/ʃuəl/⟨sual⟩슈얼 syueol컨센슈얼keonsensyueol "consensual"
/t/⟨bt⟩; ⟨ct⟩; ⟨t⟩; ⟨te⟩; ⟨th⟩; ⟨tt⟩; ⟨tte⟩tt; 트 teu; 츠 cheu타이트 taiteu "tight"; 키kiteu "kit"; 세seteu "set"; 핏 pit "fit", "pit"; 럼프 teureompeu "trump"; 배틀 baeteul "battle"; 셔syeocheu "shirt"
/tjuː//tuː/⟨tew⟩; ⟨tu⟩tyutyuneo "tuner"; 스디오 seutyudio "studio"; 스어드 seutyueodeu "steward"
/ts/⟨t's⟩; ⟨ts⟩; ⟨tts⟩cheuicheu "it's", "its"
/tʃ/⟨ch⟩; ⟨tch⟩chchi치킨 chikin "chicken"; 키친 kichin "kitchen"; 매maechi "match"
/tʃʊə(ɹ)//tʃʊɹ/⟨ture⟩추어 chueo; 츄어 chyueo츄어meochueo "mature"
/tʃuəl/⟨tual⟩추얼 chueol; 츄얼 chyueol추얼beochueol, 버츄얼beochyueol "virtual"
/θ/⟨th⟩; ⟨the⟩sseu시프 sipeu "thief"; 고섬 Goseom "Gotham"; 배baeseu "bath"; 레드 seuredeu "thread"
/ʊ/⟨oo⟩; ⟨u⟩ubuk "book"; 불 bul "bull"
/ʊə(ɹ); /ɔː(ɹ)//ʊɹ/⟨oor⟩; ⟨our⟩; ⟨ure⟩ㅜㄹ ur; ㅜ어ㄹ ueorㅜ어 ueo무어 mueo "moor"; 투어 tueo "tour"; 투어리스트 tueoriseuteu "tourist"; 미주리 Mijuri "Missouri"
/uː/⟨ew⟩; ⟨o⟩; ⟨oe⟩; ⟨oo⟩; ⟨ou⟩; ⟨ough⟩; ⟨ue⟩; ⟨ui⟩u블루머 beullumeo "bloomer"
/v/⟨ph⟩; ⟨v⟩; ⟨ve⟩; ⟨w⟩bbeu바이킹 Baiking "Viking"; 러reobeu "love"
/ʌ/⟨o⟩; ⟨oo⟩; ⟨ou⟩; ⟨u⟩eo런던 Reondeon "London"
/w/⟨w⟩; ⟨ou⟩w위치 wichi "witch"; 어웨이큰 eoweikeun "awaken"
⟨wh⟩hw화이트 hwaiteu "white"; 훼일 hweil "whale"
/wɔː(ɹ)//wɔːɹ/⟨war⟩; ⟨wore⟩wowo "war"; wopeu "warp"
/wʊ/⟨wo⟩; ⟨woo⟩uudeu "wood"; umeon "woman"
/z/⟨'s⟩; ⟨s⟩; ⟨sc⟩; ⟨se⟩; ⟨ss⟩; ⟨z⟩; ⟨ze⟩; ⟨zz⟩jjeu; 스 seu제브러 jebeureo "zebra"; 퀴kwijeu "quiz"; 퍼즐 peojeul "puzzle"; 뉴nyuseu "news"; 블루beulluseu "blues"
/ʒ/⟨g⟩; ⟨ge⟩; ⟨si⟩; ⟨ti⟩; ⟨zi⟩j텔레비전 telleobijeon "television"
/ʒuəl/⟨sual⟩주얼 jueol주얼bijueol "visual"

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