Transportation in Mauritius is characterized by the network of roadways, ports, and airports. The island was originally only accessible by boat until 1922, when the first flight landed in Mauritius. [1]
A public and industrial railway system existed from the 1860s to the 1960s. [2] Due to persistent unprofitability from 1948 to 1953, it was finally closed in 1964. From 1964 to 2020, there were no railways in Mauritius.
To cope with increasing road traffic congestion, a light rail system, Metro Express, was built between Curepipe and Port Louis. The project consisted of a number of phases; the first phase, Port Louis to Rose Hill, went operational in January 2020. When completed, the system covered a distance of some 25 km, with some 19 stations, many located in town centres along the route with existing transport terminals. The end-to-end journey time would be approximately 41 minutes and coaches would be air-conditioned. Headways would vary by time of day, but are expected to be of the order of 6 minutes in peak periods. Access to stations would be by an integrated system of comfortable and reliable feeder buses. [3] A 3.4-km branch with two stations will be built as well. [4]
At the beginning of 1860, the transport of passengers and goods was undertaken by about 2,000 horses, 4,000 donkeys and 4,500 carriages and carts. [5] With the advent of the railways, and later of motorized transport, animal based transport systems declined on the island.
In January 1901, the first two-seater car, imported by Goupilles & Cies, was disembarked. In October of that same year, the Union Regnard sugar estate (Now F.U.E.L) received the first motorized truck of British origin, capable of transporting up to 5 tons. [6]
In 1930, the island had 3,016 vehicles: around 2,401 private cars, 300 taxis, 303 trucks, 92 buses and 220 motorcycles. In 1950, vehicles numbered in the 5,161 and went up to 13,291 in 1960 with the decline of the railways. In 1970, the number of vehicles nearly doubled, going to 25,389 motorised vehicles. This included 12,546 cars, 4,171 trucks, 722 buses and 5,383 motorcycles. [1] Public transport, in the form of buses, grew in line with the demographic and economic growth of the island; buses numbered 186 in 1950, 488 in 1960, 722 in 1970 and 1,490 in 1980. [7]
As of 2019 [update] , 580,629 vehicles were registered on the island. Of these, 299,998 were cars and dual-purpose vehicles (cars capable of carrying a certain load of goods), and 216,863 were motorcycles and autocycles (light motorcycles). [8]
The National Land Transport Authority (NTLA) is the governmental department established under the Road Traffic Act in 1980 whose main responsibility is the regulation and control of road transport in Mauritius and Rodrigues. It falls under the responsibility of the Ministry of Public Infrastructure, Land Transport and Shipping. The responsibility for the administration of the NTLA rests with the Road Transport Commissioner.
The NTLAA also has a board constituted under section 73 of the Road Traffic Act. The Board consists of a chairman appointed by the Minister and 10 other members. The board is responsible to hear and decide on the applications for licenses for the transport of goods and passengers; and disciplinary proceedings instituted against transport operators, drivers, and conductors of public service vehicles for offences committed under the Act. [9]
The other responsibilities of this governmental department are:
As of 2019 [update] , there are 2,772 kilometres (1,722 mi) of roads in Mauritius, of which 1,140 kilometres (710 mi) are main roads, 913 kilometres (567 mi) are secondary roads, 104 kilometres (65 mi) are motorways and the remaining 615 kilometres (382 mi) are made up of other types of roads. The percentage of paved roads is 98%. The number of vehicles per kilometre of road is 209. [8]
The motorway network includes three main motorways: [10]
Mauritius has a widespread bus network with around 220 bus lines and roughly 900 bus stops. [12] They are operated by major companies (Mauritius Bus Transport, National Transport Corporation (NTC), United Bus Service (UBS)), as well as smaller companies (Rose Hill Transport (RHT), Triolet Bus Service (TBS) and others) and various individual operators that are organized in regional Bus Owners Co-operative Societies (BOCS). The bus prices are regulated by the Government of Mauritius. However, there is no such thing as an operator independent ticket which could be used across the island.[ citation needed ]
The following is a list of the bus routes operated in Mauritius:
Route number | Origin | Destination | Via: | Operator: |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Port Louis/Victoria | Rose Hill | La Butte, Plaine Lauzun, GRNW, Coromandel, Beau Bassin | RHT/Rose Hill Transport |
1A | St Patrick | La Butte, Plaine Lauzun, GRNW, Coromandel, Barkly, Mont Roches, Roches Brunes, Stanley, Boundary | ||
1B | Rose Hill | La Butte, Plaine Lauzun, GRNW, Coromandel, Beau Bassin, Vandermeersch | ||
1C | St Patrick | La Butte, Plaine Lauzun, GRNW, Coromandel, Beau Bassin, Rose Hill | ||
2 | Port Louis/Victoria | Curepipe/North | La Butte, Plaine Lauzun, GRNW, Coromandel, Beau Bassin, Rose Hill, Belle Rose, Shoprite, Jumbo, Phoenix, St Paul, Castel, Eau Coulee | UBS/United Bus Service |
2A | Forest Side(UBS Depot) | La Butte, Plaine Lauzun, GRNW, Coromandel, Beau Bassin, Rose Hill, Belle Rose, Shoprite, Jumbo, Phoenix, St Paul, Castel, Eau Coulee, Curepipe/North, Morcellement Piat | ||
3 | Port Louis/Victoria | Vacoas | La Butte, Plaine Lauzun, GRNW, Coromandel, Beau Bassin, Rose Hill, Belle Rose, St Jean, Quatre Bornes, La Louise, Candos, Bonne Terre, La Caverne | NTC/National Transport Corporation |
3A | Phoenix | La Butte, Plaine Lauzun, GRNW, Coromandel, Beau Bassin, Rose Hill, Belle Rose, St Jean, Quatre Bornes, La Louise, Candos, Bonne Terre, La Caverne, Vacoas, Palmerstone | ||
3B | Bord Cascades/Henrietta | La Butte, Plaine Lauzun, GRNW, Coromandel, Beau Bassin, Rose Hill, Belle Rose, St Jean, Quatre Bornes, La Louise, Candos, Bonne Terre, La Caverne, Quinze Cantons, Diolle, Glen Park | ||
3C | Bassin | La Butte, Plaine Lauzun, GRNW, Coromandel, Beau Bassin, Rose Hill, Belle Rose, St Jean, Quatre Bornes, La Louise | ||
3D | La Marie | La Butte, Plaine Lauzun, GRNW, Coromandel, Beau Bassin, Rose Hill, Belle Rose, St Jean, Quatre Bornes, La Louise, Candos, Bonne Terre, La Caverne, Quinze Cantons, Diolle, Glen Park, Morcellement Pousson | ||
3E | Vacoas | Rose Hill | La Caverne, Bonne Terre, Candos, La Louise, Quatre Bornes, St Jean, Belle Rose | |
4 | Curepipe/North | Quatre Bornes | Eau Coulee, Castel, St Paul, Clarisse, Vacoas, La Caverne, Bonne Terre, Candos, La Louise | NTC |
4A | Floreal, Cite Mangalkhan, Riverwalk, Vacoas, La Caverne, Bonne Terre, Candos, La Louise | |||
5 | Quatre Bornes | Baie du Cap | La Louise, Palma, Beau Songes, Geoffroy, Bambous, Cascavelle Mall, Casela, Tamarin, La Preneuse, Riviere Noire, Case Noyale, La Gaulette, Coteau Raffin, Le Morne, La Prairie, Maconde | Individual Operators |
6 | Curepipe/South | Riviere des Galets | Forest Side, Seizieme Mille, Nouvelle France, Pont Colville, Beau Climat, La Flora, Riviere Dragon, Britannia, Tyack, Riviere des Anguilles, Union Ducray, St Aubin, Souillac, Surinam, Belle Vue, Chemin Grenier | NTC |
6A | Chamouny | Forest Side, Seizieme Mille, Nouvelle France, Pont Colville, Beau Climat, La Flora, Riviere Dragon, Britannia, Tyack, Riviere des Anguilles, Union Ducray, St Aubin, Souillac, Surinam, Belle Vue, Chemin Grenier | ||
7 | Riviere des Galets | Rose Belle | Chemin Grenier, Belle Vue, Surinam, Souillac, St Aubin, Union Ducray, Riviere des Anguilles, Tyack, Britannia, Riviere Dragon, La Flora, Beau Climat, Wireless Road, Balisson | NTC |
8 | Souillac | Choisy | Surinam, Belle Vue, Chemin Grenier, Riviere des Galets, Beau Champ, Bel Ombre, St Martin, Baie du Cap | NTC |
9 | Curepipe/South | Mahebourg | Forest Side, Seizieme Mille, Nouvelle France, Union Park, Balisson, Rose Belle, JN Hospital, New Grove, Mare d'Albert, Plaine Magnien, SSR International Airport, Beau Vallon | Individual Operators/ |
10 | Riviere des Galets | Mahebourg | Chemin Grenier, Belle Vue, Surinam, Souillac, Union Ducray, St Aubin, Riviere des Anguilles, Batimarais, Benares, Camp Diable, La Sourdine, L'Escalier, Plein Bois, Trois Boutiques, Union Vale, Plaine Magnien, SSR International Airport, Beau Vallon | Individual Operators |
10A | Curepipe/South | L'Escalier | Forest Side, Seizieme Mille, Nouvelle France, Union Park, Balisson, Rose Belle, JN Hospital, New Grove, Mare d'Albert, Plaine Magnien, Union Vale, Trois Boutiques, Plein Bois | Individual Operators |
11 | Mahebourg | St Hubert | Ville Noire, Grand Bel Air, Riche en Eau, St Hilaire, Cent Gaulettes | Individual Operators |
12 | Port Louis/Victoria | Sebastopol | La Butte, Bell Village, Camp Chapelon, Pailles, Soreze, Montagne Ory, Moka Hospital, Bois Cheri, Petit Verger, Verdun, Alma, Quartier Militaire, Providence, Melrose, Montagne Blanche, Lesur | Individual Operators |
13 | Rose Hill | St Pierre | Ebene Cybercity, Reduit, MGI, Moka Hospital, Bois Cheri, Petit Verger | Individual Operators |
13A | Nouvelle Decouverte/Eau Bouille | Ebene Cybercity, Reduit, MGI, Helvetia, Gentilly, St Pierre, L'Avenir, Beau Bois, Ripailles | Individual Operators | |
13D | La Laura | Ebene Cybercity, Reduit, MGI, Helvetia, Gentilly, St Pierre, L'Avenir | Individual Operators | |
14 | Curepipe/South | Rose Belle | Forest Side, Seizieme Mille, Coriolis, Midlands, Bananes, Cluny, Cite Beemanique, Union Park, Balisson, JN Hospital | NTC |
15 | Rose Hill | Central Flacq | Ebene Cybercity, Reduit, MGI, Helvetia, Gentilly, St Pierre, Verdun, Alma, Quartier Militaire, Providence, Mont Ida, Medine, Bel Etang, Camp de Masque, Unite, Bonne Mere, Boulet Rouge | Individual Operators |
15D | L'Esperance | Ebene Cybercity, Reduit, MGI, Helvetia, Gentilly, St Pierre, Verdun, Alma, Quartier Militaire, Bonne Veine | ||
16 | Rose Hill | Central Flacq | Ebene Cybercity, Reduit, MGI, Helvetia, Gentilly, St Pierre, Verdun, Alma, Quartier Militaire, Providence, Melrose, Montagne Blanche, Lesur, Sebastopol, Clavet, Belle Rive, Olivia, Deep River, Pont Lardier, Bel Air, Ecroignard, Bramsthan, Boulet Rouge | Individual Operators |
17 | Curepipe/North | Central Flacq | Eau Coulee, Rue Couvent, Wooton, Belle Rive, Valetta, Quartier Militaire, Providence, Mont Ida, Medine, Bel Etang, Camp de Masque, Unite, Bonne Mere, Boulet Rouge | Individual Operators/UBS(Only at night for Workers) |
18 | Central Flacq | Mahebourg | Boulet Rouge, Bramsthan, Ecroignard, Bel Air, Ernest Florent, Beau Champ, GRSE, Deux Frères, Quatre Soeurs, Grand Sable, Petit Sable, Bambous Virieux, Anse Jonchee, Bois des Amourettes, Vieux Grand Port, Riviere des Creoles, Petit Bel Air, Ville Noire | Individual Operators |
19 | Port Louis/Immigration | Creve Coeur | Nicolay, Abercrombie, Ste Croix, Le Hochet, Terre Rouge, Bois Pignolet, Notre Dame, Baillache, Long Mountain, Valton | MBT/Mauritian Bus Transport |
20 | Port Louis/Immigration | Triolet | Nicolay, Abercrombie, Ste Croix, Le Hochet, Terre Rouge, St Joseph, Arsenal, SSRN Hospital, Solitude, 7/8/9th Mile, Terminus | TBS/Triolet Bus Service |
20A | Pointe aux Piments | Nicolay, Abercrombie, Ste Croix, Le Hochet, Terre Rouge, St Joseph, Arsenal, Solitude, Triolet(7/8th Mile), Camp Lilas, Camp Bestel | ||
21 | Port Louis/Immigration | Goodlands | Nicolay, Abercrombie, Ste Croix, Le Hochet, Terre Rouge, St Joseph, Arsenal, SSRN Hospital, Morcellement St Andre, Plaine des Papayes, Belle Vue Pilot, Fond du Sac, The Vale, Petit Raffray, Trois Bras | Individual Operators |
22 | Port Louis/Immigration | Grand Gaube | Nicolay, Abercrombie, Ste Croix, Le Hochet, Terre Rouge, Khoyratty, Calebasses, Pamplemousses, Belle Vue Harel, Forbach, Trois Bras, Goodlands, Roche Terre | Individual Operators |
23 | Port Louis/Immigration | Riviere du Rempart | Nicolay, Abercrombie, Ste Croix, Le Hochet, Terre Rouge, Khoyratty, Calebasses, Pamplemousses, Mon Gout, The Mount, Piton, Esperance Trebuchet, Poudre d'Or, Ile d'Ambre, Panchvati, Hermitage, Pointe des Lascars, Haute Rive | NTC |
24 | Nicolay, Abercrombie, Ste Croix, Le Hochet, Terre Rouge, Khoyratty, Calebasses, Pamplemousses, Mon Gout, Grande Rosalie, Petite Julie, Amaury, Barlow, Belle Vue Maurel | |||
26 | Goodlands | Central Flacq | Belmont, Poudre d'Or, Ile d'Ambre, Panchvati, Hermitage, Haute Rive, Riviere du Rempart, Plaine des Roches, Roches Noires, Poste Lafayette, Poste de Flacq, Constance | Individual Operators/Divla Transport |
27 | Port Louis/Immigration | Riviere du Rempart | Nicolay, Abercrombie, Ste Croix, Le Hochet, Terre Rouge, Khoyratty, Calebasses, Pamplemousses, Belle Vue Harel, Mapou, Piton, Gokoolah, Amitie, Belle Vue Maurel | NTC |
28 | Triolet | 9/8/7th Mile, Solitude, Morcellement St Andre, Plaine des Papayes, Belle Vue Harel, Mapou, Piton, Gokoolah, Amitie, Belle Vue Maurel | TBS | |
29(Merged with Route 240 as of 13th March 2024) | Grand Baie | Central Flacq | Super U, La Croisette, Sottise, The Vale, Fond du Sac, Belle Vue Pilot, Plaine des Papayes, Belle Vue Harel, Piton, Gokoolah, Amitie, Belle Vue Maurel, Riviere du Rempart, Belle Vue Maurel, Bois Jacquot, Petite Retraite, Pont Blanc, Constance | TBS/Divla Transport |
30 | Curepipe/North | Dubreuil | Eau Coulee, Rue Couvent, Wooton, Belle Rive, Piton du Milieu, La Chartreuse | UBS |
31 | Ebene Cybercity | Bassin | Rose Hill, Boundary, Trefles, Berthaud, La Louise | RHT |
33 | Plaine Verte | Pailles | Desforges Street, Pope Hennessy St, Labourdonnais St, Dr Jeetoo Hospital, La Butte, Bell Village, Camp Chapelon, Les Guibies | UBS |
33A | Cite Vallijee | Terre Rouge | Bell Village, La Butte, Casernes, Dr Jeetoo Hospital, Labourdonnais St, Pope Hennessy St, Desforges St, Plaine Verte, Cite Martial, Ste Croix, Le Hochet | UBS |
34 | Curepipe/South | Bois Cheri | Forest Side, Seizieme Mille, Nouvelle France, Pont Colville, Beau Climat, La Flora, Grand Bois | NTC |
35 | Vacoas | Hollyrood | La Caverne, Quinze Cantons | NTC |
39 | Rose Hill | Plaisance | Hugnin Road, Ratsitatane Avenue | UBS |
39A | Camp Levieux | Hugnin Road, Plaisance | ||
41/41A | Port Louis/Immigration | Vallee des Pretres | Desforges St, Plaine Verte St Francois Xavier St, Cite Martial, La Croisee, Carreau Lalo, Carolines | |
43 | Curepipe/North | Camp Levieux | Eau Coulee, Castel, St Paul, Phoenix, Jumbo, Shoprite, Belle Rose, Rose Hill, Hugnin Road, Roches Brunes, Mont Roches | |
44 | Curepipe/North | Camp les Juges | Forest Side, Cite Atlee, Labrasserie | |
45 | Rose Hill | Albion | Hugnin Road, Roches Brunes, Mont Roches, St Martin, Canot, Gros Cailloux, Petite Riviere, Camp Creoles, Belle Vue | |
45A | Rose Hill | Albion | Hugnin Road, Roches Brunes, Mont Roches, St Martin, Canot, Morcellement Chazal | |
46 | Mahebourg | Blue Bay | Cite la Chaux, Pointe Jerome, Pointe d'Esny, Preskil | Individual Operators |
47 | Port Louis/Immigration | Cite Vallijee | New Trunk Road, Bell Village, Cassis | UBS |
Port Louis is the main port in Mauritius. Port Mathurin is the main port on Rodrigues Island. [13] Mauritius was only accessible by boat until 1922, when the first flight landed in Mauritius. [1]
total: 8 ships (1,000 GT or over) totalling 550142 GT/90,017 tonnes deadweight (DWT)
ships by type: cargo 2, combination bulk 2, container 2, cargo 2[ clarification needed ]
note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Belgium 1, India 3, Norway 1, Switzerland 2 (2002 est.)[ citation needed ]
The first recorded flight taking off from Mauritius was undertaken on 2 June 1922 by Major F.W. Honnet. The plane, a mono-engine biplane, christened Maurice, had come by boat. For the inaugural flight, the land at the Gymkhana, Vacoas was converted into an improvised airport. [1]
On 10 September 1933, two French pilots, Maurice Samat and Paul Louis Lemerle, flew from Reunion Island to Mauritius on a Potez 43 plane called Monique. The pilots landed in Mon-Choisy in the north of the island. On 4 October of the same year, a Mauritian pilot, Jean Hily, took off from Mon-Choisy for Réunion island. However, he never made it and was lost at sea. [1] For some years that followed, the Mon-Choisy strip was used as an airport for the rare airplanes that landed on the island. However, in 1942, with the entry of Japan into the Second World War, the island gained a strategic importance in the Indian Ocean and thus the British government hastily built a new airport in the south of the island at Plaisance. On 24 November 1943, the first military airplane, a Dakota of the Royal Air Force (R.A.F) coming from Nairobi with a stopover at Madagascar, landed in Plaisance.
In 1945, with the end of the war, the airport was opened to the civil aviation. Thus, on 10 February of that year, a Junker 52 of the Réseau des Liaisons Aériennes Francaises (R.L.A.F), later known as Air France, landed in Plaisance. Since 1945, the R.L.A.F operated the Paris-Mauritius line. The journey of 6 days and 7 stops included Antananarivo and Reunion island. In 1946, the R.A.F handed over the Plaisance airport to the Mauritian authorities.
Air France became the first commercial aviation company to come to Mauritius. As from 1947, it's DC4, transporting 44 passengers, undertook the Paris-Mauritius in 3 days, including night time flight, with 12 stops in between. The following year, the British company SkyWays initiated a weekly flight on the Plaisance-Nairobi line. The introduction of Boeings as from 1961 sensibly reduced the travel time on this line. Even though Mauritius was a British colony, the British Overseas Airways Corporation (B.O.A.C) began to come to Mauritius only from 1962. The Mauritius-London itinerary took 26 hours, with 4 stops. In 1967, a Boeing 707, capable of carrying 160 passengers was introduced on the Paris-Mauritius line, decreasing the travel time to 18 hours. [1]
Initially, Mauritian civil and commercial aviation developed under the impulsion of Rogers & Co Company. The aviation department within Rogers was created by Amédée Maingard on his return from the Second World War. In June 1967, the national company, Air Mauritius was created. The Mauritian government, British Airways, Air France and Air India were the initial stakeholders in this initiative, with Rogers an active supporter. Amédée Maingard became the first president of Air Mauritius and Jean Ribet the general manager. [7] In December 1972, Air Mauritius landed a Piper-Navajo (twin-engined plane of 6 places), rented from Air Madagascar, in Rodrigues. Then, as from 1975, a Havilland Twin Otter of 16 places was used on the Mauritius-Rodrigues route. [14]
As of 2014, there are 2 airports in Mauritius and its dependencies.
Runways and length | Number | Airport(s) |
---|---|---|
Paved, over 3,047 meters | 1 | Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam International Airport, Plaine Magnien |
Paved, 914 to 1,523 meters | 1 | Plaine Corail Airport, Plaine Corail, Rodrigues Island |
Mauritius, officially the Republic of Mauritius, is an island country in the Indian Ocean, about 2,000 kilometres off the southeastern coast of East Africa, east of Madagascar. It includes the main island, as well as Rodrigues, Agaléga, and St. Brandon. The island of Mauritius along with nearby Réunion, are part of the Mascarene Islands. The main island of Mauritius, where the population is concentrated, hosts the capital and largest city, Port Louis. The country spans 2,040 square kilometres (790 sq mi) and has an exclusive economic zone covering 2,300,000 square kilometres.
The known and sometimes formally documented history of Mauritius begins with its possible discovery by Austronesians under the Austronesian expansion from pre-Han Taiwan, circa 1500 to 1000 BC, and then by Arabs,, followed by Portuguese and its appearance on European maps in the early 16th century. Mauritius was successively colonized by the Netherlands, France and Great Britain, and became independent on 12 March 1968.
Telecommunications had an early beginning in Mauritius, with the first telephone line installed in 1883, seven years after the invention of the telephone. Over the years, the network and telephony improved. By the late 20th century, the rapid development and convergence of information and telecommunications technologies gave rise to an ICT industry on the island along with many incentives provided by the government. The government thus aims to make the ICT sector the 5th pillar of the Mauritian economy and Mauritius a Cyber Island. Historically, the country is known for tourism, rather than its call centers and business process outsourcing.
Mauritius is a multi-ethnic, multilingual and a plural society with a population composed mainly of four major ethnic and religious groups. It is often depicted as a "rainbow nation".
Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam International Airport is the primary international airport serving the island nation of Mauritius. It is located at Plaine Magnien, 48 km (30 mi) southeast of the capital city of Port Louis. The airport was previously known as the Plaisance Airport. It has direct flights to several destinations in Africa, Asia, Australia and Europe, and is home to the country's national airline, Air Mauritius. Airports of Mauritius Co. Ltd (AML) is the owner and operator of the airport, and the Government of Mauritius is the major shareholder of AML. It is named after Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam, the first Prime Minister of Mauritius.
Indo-Mauritians are Mauritians who trace their ethnic ancestry to the Republic of India or other parts of the Indian subcontinent in South Asia.
Jean Margéot was Mauritian Roman Catholic priest, bishop and cardinal.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Mauritius:
The history of rail transport in Mauritius began in the 1860s. The Mauritian rail network was quickly built and it soon provided service to most of the island. It was a key factor in the social-economic development of Mauritius during its period of operation. However, due to persistent unprofitability from 1948 to 1953, it was closed in 1964. In 2019, the Metro Express light rail system opened, bringing rail passenger traffic back to Mauritius.
Auguste Toussaint (1911–1987) was the Archivist in Chief of Mauritius and a historian of his island, the Mascarene Islands, and the Indian Ocean.
The following is an index of Mauritius-related topics by alphabetical order. For a list by topic, see list of Mauritius-related topics
The Episcopal Conference of the Indian Ocean is the episcopal conference of the Catholic Church which includes the following Indian Ocean archipelagic states: Comoros, Mauritius, Réunion, Mayotte and Seychelles.
Guy Rozemont (1915–1956) was a Mauritian trade unionist and the third leader of the Mauritius Labour Party. He fought for workers' rights and voiced against the injustice done against them. He played a crucial role in shaping the government, political culture and foreign policy of modern Mauritius.
Maryse Justin-Pyndiah was a Mauritian long-distance runner. She died of cancer.
Nicolas Louis Antoine Bestel was a French lawyer and colonial politician. Arriving in the French colony of Isle de France as a young prosecutor, he took a prominent part in the island's administration at the time of the French Revolution and remained active in public affairs under British rule.
Mauritian nationality law is regulated by the Constitution of Mauritius, as amended; the Mauritius Citizenship Act, and its revisions; and various international agreements to which the country is a signatory. These laws determine who is, or is eligible to be, a national of Mauritius. The legal means to acquire nationality, formal legal membership in a nation, differ from the domestic relationship of rights and obligations between a national and the nation, known as citizenship. Nationality describes the relationship of an individual to the state under international law, whereas citizenship is the domestic relationship of an individual within the nation. In Britain and thus the Commonwealth of Nations, though the terms are often used synonymously outside of law, they are governed by different statutes and regulated by different authorities. Mauritian nationality is typically obtained under the principle of jus sanguinis, i.e. by birth in Mauritius or abroad to parents with Mauritian nationality. It can be granted to persons with an affiliation to the country, or to a permanent resident who has lived in the country for a given period of time through naturalisation.
Pierre Léoville Arthur L'Homme (1857–1928) was a Mauritian poet, literary critic, journalist, newspaper editor and librarian who wrote in French. He is considered the foremost Mauritian poet of the late nineteenth century and the first Mauritian writer to produce an extensive body of work and to establish an overseas literary reputation.