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16 of the 48 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections) 25 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The United States Senate elections of 1824 and 1825 were elections for the United States Senate that saw the Jacksonians gain a majority over the Anti-Jacksonian National Republican Party.
The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, which along with the United States House of Representatives—the lower chamber—comprises the legislature of the United States. The Senate chamber is located in the north wing of the Capitol, in Washington, D.C.
Jacksonian democracy was a 19th-century political philosophy in the United States that expanded suffrage to most white men over the age of 21, and restructured a number of federal institutions. Originating with the seventh President Andrew Jackson, and his supporters, it became the nation's dominant political worldview for a generation.
The National Republican Party, also known as the Anti-Jacksonian Party and sometimes the Adams Party, was a political party in the United States that evolved from a faction of the Democratic-Republican Party that supported John Quincy Adams in the 1824 presidential election.
As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by state legislatures.
The Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution established the popular election of United States Senators by the people of the states. The amendment supersedes Article I, §3, Clauses 1 and 2 of the Constitution, under which senators were elected by state legislatures. It also alters the procedure for filling vacancies in the Senate, allowing for state legislatures to permit their governors to make temporary appointments until a special election can be held.
A state legislature is a legislative branch or body of a political subdivision in a federal system.
Senate Party Division, 19th Congress (1825–1827)
DRa1 Resigned | DRa2 Retired | DRa3 Unknown | DRa4 Retired | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DRc3 | DRc2 | DRc1 | DRa11 | DRa10 | DRa9 | DRa8 Ran | DRa7 Ran | DRa6 Unknown | DRa5 Ran |
DRc4 | DRc5 | DRc6 | DRc7 | DRc8 | DRc9 | DRc10 Ran | DRc11 Unknown | DRc12 Ran | DRc13 Ran |
DRj3 | DRj2 | DRj1 | DRc20 | DRc19 | DRc18 | DRc17 | DRc16 | DRc15 Retired | DRc14 Ran |
DRj4 | DRj5 | DRj6 | DRj7 | DRj8 | DRj9 | DRj10 | DRj11 | DRj12 Unknown | Fa5 Retired |
Fa1 | Fa2 | Fa3 | Fa4 |
AJ1 Gain | AJ2 Gain | AJ3 Gain | AJ4 Gain | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DRc3 | DRc2 | DRc1 | DRa11 | DRa10 | DRa9 | V2 Fa Loss | V1 DR Loss | AJ6 Gain | AJ5 Gain |
DRc4 | DRc5 | DRc6 | DRc7 | DRc8 | DRc9 | J1 Gain | J2 Gain | J3 Gain | J4 Gain |
DRj3 | DRj2 | DRj1 | DRc20 | DRc19 | DRc18 | DRc17 | DRc16 | J6 Gain | J5 Gain |
DRj4 | DRj5 | DRj6 | DRj7 | DRj8 | DRj9 | DRj10 | DRj11 | J7 Gain | J8 Gain |
Fa1 | Fa2 | Fa3 | Fa4 |
AJ1 | AJ2 | AJ3 | AJ4 | ||||||
AJ14 | AJ13 | AJ12 | AJ11 | AJ10 | AJ9 | AJ8 | AJ7 | AJ6 | AJ5 |
AJ15 | AJ16 | AJ17 | AJ18 | AJ19 | AJ20 | V1 | V2 | V3 | J25 |
Majority → | J24 | ||||||||
J15 | J16 | J17 | J18 | J19 | J20 | J21 | J22 | J23 | |
J14 | J13 | J12 | J11 | J10 | J9 | J8 | J7 | J6 | J5 |
J1 | J2 | J3 | J4 |
Key: |
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Bold states link to specific election articles.
In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1824 or before March 4, 1825; ordered by election date.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Delaware (Class 2) | Vacant | Legislature had failed to elect. Incumbent was re-elected late January 7, 1824. Federalist gain. | √ Nicholas Van Dyke (Federalist (Adams-Clay faction), later Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.] | ||
Delaware (Class 1) | Vacant | Caesar A. Rodney (DR) had resigned January 29, 1823 in the previous Congress. Winner elected January 8, 1824. Federalist gain. | √ Thomas Clayton (Federalist (Adams-Clay faction), later Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.] | ||
Connecticut (Class 2) | Henry W. Edwards | Democratic-Republican (Jackson faction) | 1823 (Appointed) | Interim appointee elected May 5, 1824. | √ Henry W. Edwards (Democratic-Republican (Jackson faction), later Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Louisiana (Class 2) | Henry Johnson | Democratic-Republican (Adams-Clay faction) | 1818 (Appointed) 1823 (Special) | Incumbent resigned May 27, 1824 to become Governor of Louisiana. Winner elected November 19, 1824. Democratic-Republican hold. | √ Charles Dominique Joseph Bouligny (Democratic-Republican (Adams-Clay faction), later Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Illinois (Class 3) | Ninian Edwards | Democratic-Republican (Adams-Clay faction) | 1818 1819 | Incumbent resigned March 3, 1824. Winner elected November 24, 1824, but not to next term. Democratic-Republican hold. | √ John McLean (Democratic-Republican (Crawford faction)) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Georgia (Class 2) | Nicholas Ware | Democratic-Republican (Crawford faction) | 1821 (Special) 1823 | Incumbent died September 7, 1824. Winner elected December 6, 1824. Democratic-Republican hold. | √ Thomas W. Cobb (Democratic-Republican (Crawford faction), later Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Virginia (Class 2) | John Taylor | Democratic-Republican (Crawford faction) | 1792 (Special) 1793 | Died August 21, 1824. Winner elected December 7, 1824. Democratic-Republican hold. | √ Littleton Tazewell (Democratic-Republican (Jackson faction), later Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.] |
In these general elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1825 (except where noted due to late election); ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Alabama | William Kelly | Democratic-Republican (Jackson faction) | 1822 (Special) | [Data unknown/missing.] Winner elected in 1824 or 1825. Jacksonian gain. | √ Henry H. Chambers (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Connecticut | James Lanman | Democratic-Republican (Crawford faction) | 1818 | Re-elected, but disqualified. Vacant. | √ James Lanman ([Data unknown/missing.]) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Georgia | John Elliott | Democratic-Republican (Crawford faction) | 1819 | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Jacksonian gain. | √ John M. Berrien (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Illinois | Ninian Edwards | Democratic-Republican (Adams-Clay faction) | 1818 1819 | Winner elected to next term. Jacksonian gain. | √ Elias Kane (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Indiana | Waller Taylor | Democratic-Republican (Adams-Clay faction) | 1816 1818 | Incumbent retired. Anti-Jacksonian gain. | √ William Hendricks (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Kentucky | Isham Talbot | Democratic-Republican (Adams-Clay faction) | 1815 (Special) 1819 ([Data unknown/missing.]) 1820 (Special) | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Winner elected in 1824 or 1825. Jacksonian gain. | √ John Rowan (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Louisiana | Josiah S. Johnston | Democratic-Republican (Adams-Clay faction) | 1824 (Appointed) | Interim appointee elected to a full term. Anti-Jacksonian gain. | √ Josiah S. Johnston (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Maryland | Edward Lloyd | Democratic-Republican (Crawford faction) | 1819 | Re-elected as a Jacksonian. Jacksonian gain. | √ Edward Lloyd (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Missouri | David Barton | Democratic-Republican (Adams-Clay faction) | 1821 | Re-elected as an Anti-Jacksonian. Anti-Jacksonian gain. | √ David Barton (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.] |
New Hampshire | John F. Parrott | Democratic-Republican (Adams-Clay faction) | 1818 | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Winner took office late, on March 16, 1825. Jacksonian gain. | √ Levi Woodbury (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.] |
New York | Rufus King | Federalist (Adams-Clay faction) | 1789 1795 1796 (Resigned) 1813 1819/1820 | Retired. Vacant due to a deadlock in the New York State Legislature. Vacant. | 17 candidates |
North Carolina | Nathaniel Macon | Democratic-Republican (Crawford faction) | 1815 (Special) 1818 | Re-elected as a Jacksonian. Jacksonian gain. | √ Nathaniel Macon (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Ohio | Ethan Allen Brown | Democratic-Republican. (Adams-Clay faction) | 1822 (Special) | Lost re-election. Anti-Jacksonian gain. | √ William Henry Harrison (Anti-Jacksonian) Ethan Allen Brown (Democratic-Republican (Adams-Clay faction)) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Pennsylvania | Walter Lowrie | Democratic-Republican. (Crawford faction) | 1819 | Retired. Winner elected in 1824/25. Anti-Jacksonian gain. | √ William Marks (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.] |
South Carolina | John Gaillard | Democratic-Republican (Crawford faction) | 1804 (Special) 1806 1812 1818 | Re-elected as a Jacksonian. Jacksonian gain. | √ John Gaillard (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Vermont | William A. Palmer | Democratic-Republican (Adams-Clay faction) | 1818 (Special) 1818 | Retired. Anti-Jacksonian gain. | √ Dudley Chase (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.] |
In these special elections, the winners were seated in 1825 after March 4; ordered by election date.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Connecticut (Class 3) | Vacant | Vacant due to credentials challenge. Winner elected May 4, 1825. Anti-Jacksonian gain. | √ Calvin Willey (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.] |
The Eighteenth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1823, to March 4, 1825, during the seventh and eighth years of James Monroe's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Fourth Census of the United States in 1820. Both chambers had a Democratic-Republican majority.
The Nineteenth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1825, to March 4, 1827, during the first two years of the administration of U.S. President John Quincy Adams. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Fourth Census of the United States in 1820. The Senate had a majority of Jackson Men, while the House had an Anti-Jackson (pro-Adams) majority.
Elections to the United States House of Representatives for the 20th Congress were held at various dates in each state in 1826 and 1827 during John Quincy Adams' term in office.
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The United States Senate elections of 1808 and 1809 were elections that had the Federalist Party gain one seat in the United States Senate, and which coincided with the 1808 presidential election. The Federalists had gone into the elections with such a small share of Senate seats that even if they had won every election, they would have still remained a minority caucus.
The United States Senate elections of 1876 and 1877 had the Democratic Party gain five seats in the United States Senate, and coincided with Rutherford B. Hayes's narrow election as President. Republicans remained in the majority, however.
The United States Senate elections of 1888 and 1889 were elections that coincided with Benjamin Harrison's victory over incumbent President Grover Cleveland. Both parties were unchanged in the general elections, but later special elections would give Republicans an eight-seat majority, mostly from newly admitted states.
The United States Senate elections of 1840 and 1841 were elections which, corresponding with their Party's success in the 1840 presidential election, had the Whig Party take control of the United States Senate.
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The United States Senate elections of 1816 and 1817 were elections for the United States Senate that had the Democratic-Republican Party gain a net of two seats from the admission of a new state, and which coincided with the presidential election.
The United States Senate elections of 1820 and 1821 were elections for the United States Senate that, corresponding with James Monroe's landslide re-election, had the Democratic-Republican Party gain seven seats, assuming almost complete control of the Senate.
The United States Senate elections of 1796 and 1797 were elections for the United States Senate which, coinciding with John Adams's election as President, had the ruling Federalist Party gain one seat.
The United States Senate elections of 1792 and 1793 were elections of United States Senators that coincided with President George Washington's unanimous re-election. In these elections, terms were up for the ten senators in class 2.
The United States Senate elections of 1836 and 1837 were elections that had the Jacksonian coalition emerge as the Democratic Party, and the Adams, or Anti-Jackson, coalition emerge as the Whig Party
The United States Senate elections of 1794 and 1795 were elections that had the formation of organized political parties in the United States, with the Federalist Party emerging from the Pro Administration coalition, and the Democratic-Republican Party emerging from the Anti-Administration coalition.
The United States Senate elections of 1834 and 1835 were elections that had the Anti-Jackson coalition maintain control of the United States Senate. However, during the 24th Congress, the Jacksonian coalition gained control of the Senate.
The United States Senate elections of 1832 and 1833 were elections that had the Anti-Jackson coalition assume control of the United States Senate from the Jacksonian coalition, despite Andrew Jackson's victory in the presidential election.
The United States Senate elections of 1830 and 1831 were elections that had Jacksonians gain one seat in the United States Senate from the Anti-Jacksonian coalition, but lose one seat to the short-lived Nullifier Party. By the time Congress first met in December 1831, however, the Jacksonians had a net loss of one seat.
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The United States Senate elections of 1826 and 1827 were elections that had the majority Jacksonians gain a seat in the United States Senate.
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