Wenchuan County

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Wenchuan County
汶川县
ཝུན་ཁྲོན་རྫོང་།
Kvusa
1 wenchuan county sichuan panorama 2013.jpg
Wenchuan panorama in 2013
Location of Wenchuan within Sichuan (China).png
Location of Wenchuan County (red) in Ngawa Prefecture (yellow) and Sichuan
China Sichuan adm location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Wenchuan
Location of the seat in Sichuan
China edcp location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Wenchuan
Wenchuan (China)
Coordinates: 31°28′37″N103°35′24″E / 31.477°N 103.590°E / 31.477; 103.590
Country China
Province Sichuan
Autonomous prefecture Ngawa
County seat Weizhou
Area
  Total4,804 km2 (1,855 sq mi)
Population
 (2020) [1]
  Total82,971
  Density17/km2 (45/sq mi)
  Major nationalities
Qiang - 39.5%
Han - 38.7%
Tibetan - 20.4%
Hui - 1.1%
Others - 0.3%
Time zone UTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code
623000
Area code 0837
Website www.wenchuan.gov.cn

On May 12, 2008, an earthquake with moment magnitude 7.9 hit the Sichuan Province, with epicentre located in the town of Yingxiu, in Wenchuan county. The county was therefore one of the areas most severely affected by the earthquake. In Chinese, the earthquake is named after the county (the Wenchuan earthquake, 汶川地震), which made its name resonate across the nation. In the county, 15,941 people died, 34,583 were injured, and 7,474 were still missing as of June 6, 2008. [11] [12] The seismic intensity was the highest, reaching level XI in the China Seismic Intensity Scale. [13] After the earthquake, the central government enforced stricter requirements for seismic design in this area. [14] The earthquake also caused many landslides, some of which remained active for years and generated destructive debris flows during the summer rainstorms, which increased the death toll and slowed reconstruction and recovery of the communities in the county. [7] [15]

Subdivisions

Wenchuan County administers nine towns: [16]

Wenchuan County
Chinese name
Chinese 汶川
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin Wènchuān [2] [3] [4]
NameSimplified ChineseHanyu Pinyin Tibetan Wylie Qiang Administrative division code
Towns
Weizhou Town 威州镇Wēizhōu Zhènཝེ་ཀྲོའུ་གྲོང་རྡལ།we krovu grong rdal513221100
Yingxiu Town 映秀镇Yìngxiù Zhènདབྱིངས་ཤིའུ་གྲོང་རྡལ།dbyings shivu grong rdal513221102
Wolong Town 卧龙镇Wòlóng Zhènཨོ་ལུང་གྲོང་རྡལ།o lung grong rdalVvolong513221103
Shuimo Town 水磨镇Shuǐmó Zhènཧྲུའི་མའོ་གྲོང་རྡལ།hruvi mavo grong rdal513221105
Xuankou Town 漩口镇Xuánkǒu Zhènཞོན་ཁོའུ་གྲོང་རྡལ།zhon khovu grong rdal513221106
Sanjiang Town 三江镇Sānjiāng Zhènསན་ཅང་གྲོང་རྡལ།san cang grong rdal513221107
Gengda Town 耿达镇Gěngdá Zhènཀུན་ཏ་གྲོང་རྡལ།kun ta grong rdal513221108
Miansi Town 绵虒镇Miánsī Zhènམེན་ཁྲི་གྲོང་རྡལ།men khri grong rdal513221109
Bazhou Town 灞州镇Bàzhōu Zhènབཱ་ཀྲོའུ་གྲོང་རྡལbā krovu grong rdal513221111

Demographics

Population census
YearPop.±% p.a.
1990 96,054    
1996 104,000+1.33%
2000 111,935+1.86%
2005 106,238−1.04%
2010 100,771−1.05%

According to a 2021 publication by the county government, Wenchuan County's ethnic composition is 39.5% Qiang, 38.7% Han, 20.4% Tibetan, 1.1% Hui, and 0.3% belonging to other ethnic minorities. [5]

The 2010 Chinese Census reported the county's population as 100,771 people. [6]

In 2005, the county reported a population of 106,238, with 34.16% of the population being ethnically Qiang. [17]

The 2000 Chinese Census reported the county's population as 111,935. [6]

In 1996, the county's population was estimated to be about 104,000, up from the 96,054 reported in 1990. [6]

The monumentale sculpture on the place is Yu the Great (Da Yu ), Qiang people hero and founder of the Xia dynasty. 1 wenchuan sichuan panorama 2013.jpg
The monumentale sculpture on the place is Yu the Great (大禹), Qiang people hero and founder of the Xia dynasty.

Economy

As of 2019, Wenchuan County's gross domestic product totaled ¥7.264 billion, a 6.2% increase from the previous year. [5] Consumer retail sales totaled ¥1.082 billion. [5] The annual per capita disposable income of the county reached ¥34,513 for its urban residents, and ¥15,049 for its rural residents, an increase of 8.2% and 12.0%, respectively. [5]

According to the county government, there were 4,440 people in the county living in poverty in 2014. [5] The county government claims that all its citizens were lifted out of poverty in 2019. [5]

Tourism

A Giant panda cub in Wolong National Nature Reserve Panda Cub from Wolong, Sichuan, China.JPG
A Giant panda cub in Wolong National Nature Reserve

Wenchuan County is home to the Wolong National Nature Reserve, as well as the Sichuan Caopo Nature Reserve (Chinese :四川草坡自然保护区). [5] Other tourist attractions in the county include the AAAAA-rated Wenchuan Special Tourist Area (Chinese :汶川特别旅游区) and the AAAA-rated Yu the Great Cultural Tourist Area (Chinese :大禹文化旅游区). [5]

In 2019, the county received 6,277,800 visitors, bringing the county ¥2.87 billion in revenue. [5]

Transport

Road traffic in Wenchuan County is dominated by National Highway 213 and National Highway 317. In 2012, the 82 km long G4217 Duwen Expressway, which connects the city of Dujiangyan and leads to cities in the Sichuan basin, was fully opened to traffic, and the Wenchuan-Markang motorway, the Wenma Expressway, was fully opened to traffic on 31 December 2021. [18] Wenchuan County Bus Station is located in Weizhou Town, Wenchuan, with daily buses to Chengdu, Dujiangyan, Peng County, Li County, Markang, Jiuzhaigou and other places. All scenic spots can be reached by bus, except for Qipanggou Forest Park and Xiqiang Grand Canyon, which are not yet open to traffic. [19] In 2013, bus lines covering 11 towns and townships in the county, including Yingxiu, Xuankou, Shuimo and Sanjiang, were put into operation. [20] By the end of 2014, the total mileage of roads in Wenchuan County was 696 kilometers, 619 kilometers of high-grade highways and 51 kilometers of expressways.

Climate

Climate data for Wenchuan, elevation 1,370 m (4,490 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010)
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °C (°F)16.9
(62.4)
23.6
(74.5)
32.7
(90.9)
32.7
(90.9)
33.9
(93.0)
35.1
(95.2)
37.1
(98.8)
35.5
(95.9)
34.4
(93.9)
27.9
(82.2)
24.2
(75.6)
22.0
(71.6)
37.1
(98.8)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)8.9
(48.0)
11.8
(53.2)
16.4
(61.5)
21.7
(71.1)
24.6
(76.3)
26.8
(80.2)
29.2
(84.6)
29.1
(84.4)
24.6
(76.3)
19.7
(67.5)
15.5
(59.9)
10.4
(50.7)
19.9
(67.8)
Daily mean °C (°F)4.0
(39.2)
6.4
(43.5)
10.5
(50.9)
15.3
(59.5)
18.6
(65.5)
21.1
(70.0)
23.4
(74.1)
23.3
(73.9)
19.6
(67.3)
15.0
(59.0)
10.5
(50.9)
5.4
(41.7)
14.4
(58.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)0.6
(33.1)
2.9
(37.2)
6.7
(44.1)
11.1
(52.0)
14.4
(57.9)
17.1
(62.8)
19.3
(66.7)
19.3
(66.7)
16.4
(61.5)
12.0
(53.6)
7.1
(44.8)
2.0
(35.6)
10.7
(51.3)
Record low °C (°F)−7.0
(19.4)
−6.4
(20.5)
−4.4
(24.1)
2.5
(36.5)
6.6
(43.9)
10.5
(50.9)
13.4
(56.1)
12.6
(54.7)
9.3
(48.7)
3.2
(37.8)
−1.4
(29.5)
−7.4
(18.7)
−7.4
(18.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches)2.6
(0.10)
6.1
(0.24)
20.9
(0.82)
52.5
(2.07)
70.5
(2.78)
83.1
(3.27)
72.6
(2.86)
78.9
(3.11)
60.4
(2.38)
43.1
(1.70)
10.0
(0.39)
1.6
(0.06)
502.3
(19.78)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm)4.66.211.316.218.218.616.614.915.515.46.62.2146.3
Average snowy days7.64.20.70.10000000.22.215
Average relative humidity (%)62626263646869687172676366
Mean monthly sunshine hours 121.1112.3130.7148.8138.4109.8135.5140.498.493.5112.3118.71,459.9
Percent possible sunshine 38363538322632352727363833
Source: China Meteorological Administration [21] [22]

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