Zephyranthes carinata

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Rosepink zephyr lily
Zephyranthes carinata.jpg
In Nishiizu, Japan
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Amaryllidaceae
Subfamily: Amaryllidoideae
Genus: Zephyranthes
Species:
Z. carinata
Binomial name
Zephyranthes carinata
Synonyms [1] [2] [3]
  • Amaryllis carinata(Herb.) Spreng.
  • Atamosco carinata(Herb.) P. Wilson
  • Atamosco carinata(Herb.) Standl. in Standl. & Calderón
  • Pogonema carinata(Herb.) Raf.
  • Zephyranthes grandifloraLindl.
Flowers; from Ault Park, Cincinnati Flowers 001.jpg
Flowers; from Ault Park, Cincinnati

Zephyranthes carinata, commonly known as the rosepink zephyr lily or pink rain lily, [4] is a perennial flowering plant native to Mexico, Colombia and Central America. It is also widely cultivated as an ornamental and naturalized in the West Indies, Peru, Argentina, Brazil, the southeastern United States from Texas to Florida, Zimbabwe, South Africa, China, Korea, the Ryukyu Islands, Assam, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Solomon Islands, Queensland, Society Islands, Kiribati, and Caroline Islands. [5]

Contents

Zephyranthes carinata has large bright pink flowers, around 10 cm (4 in), and green strap-like leaves. They are found naturally in moist, open areas, often near woodlands.

Like other rain lilies, their common name refers to their habit of blooming soon after a heavy rainfall. They are widely grown in gardens as annuals and as container plants, although they will overwinter in warm climates.

Zephyranthes carinata are often incorrectly referred to as Zephyranthes grandiflora, especially in horticulture.

Description

Zephyranthes carinata grows from tunicate globular bulbs 2 to 3 cm (0.8 to 1.2 in) in diameter. The tunics are wine-red in color. Four to six linear and flattened leaves are produced by each bulb. Each is 15 to 30 cm (6 to 12 in) long and 6 to 8 mm (0.24 to 0.31 in) wide, reddish at the bases and bright green for the rest of their lengths. [2] [6] [7]

The funnel-shaped flowers are solitary, with pink to rose red perianths. They are borne erect or slightly inclined on scapes 10 to 15 cm (4 to 6 in) long. The deep lilac to purplish spathes are 25 to 30 mm (1.0 to 1.2 in) long. There are two lengths of the stamen filaments - 15 mm (0.6 in) and 21 mm (0.8 in). The anthers are 6 mm (0.24 in) in length. The style is filiform. [2] [8]

The flowers develop into more or less spherical or three-lobed capsules. The seeds are shiny black and flattened. [7]

Classification

Zephyranthes carinata belongs to the genus Zephyranthes (rain lilies) of the tribe Hippeastreae. It is classified under the subfamily Amaryllidoideae of the Amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae). In broader classifications, they are sometimes included within the lily family (Liliaceae). [1]

Zephyranthes carinata is often referred to as Zephyranthes grandiflora, especially in horticulture. But the former was published earlier, hence Z. grandiflora is considered superfluous and illegitimate. Another name identified as an earlier synonym of Z. carinata is now considered to be a different species - Zephyranthes minuta . [1] [6] [8]

Nomenclature

Zephyranthes carinata is also known as the 'rosepink rain lily', 'rosepink magic lily', or 'pink magic lily'. Like other rain lilies, their common name refers to their habit of blooming soon after a heavy rainfall. However, cultivated specimens of Z. carinata can be induced to flower all throughout the year by maintaining humidity. [2]

They are one of the three species of Zephyranthes commonly known as 'pink rain lilies'. The other two are Zephyranthes rosea and Zephyranthes robusta . Z. rosea is a much smaller species with pink flowers that have green centers. H. robustus, on the other hand, have generally paler pink and more strongly bent flowers. [9]

Non-English common names of Z. carinata include: [1]

Distribution and habitat

Zephyranthes carinata is native to Central America, from Mexico to Colombia. They have been introduced elsewhere and have become widely naturalized. [8] [10] They are usually found in open pastures and hill slopes. [2]

Uses

Zephyranthes carinata are widely cultivated as ornamentals. They are able to survive colder temperatures than other species of Zephyranthes. [2]

Chemical composition

It contains lycorine, galanthine, tazettine, haemanthamine, pretazetine, carinatine, tortuosine, trisphaeridine, hamayne and pancratistatin. [11]

Toxicity

Like other species of Zephyranthes, Z. carinata contain toxic alkaloids including pretazettine, carinatine, lycorine, galantamine, and haemanthamine. If ingested, they can cause vomiting, convulsions, and death. [12]

See also

Related Research Articles

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<i>Zephyranthes</i> Genus of flowering plants

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<i>Lycoris</i> (plant) Genus of flowering plants

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<i>Sprekelia</i> Genus of plants

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<i>Zephyranthes candida</i> Species of plant

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<i>Zephyranthes robusta</i> Species of plant

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Habranthus (copperlily) was a formerly recognized genus of tender herbaceous flowering bulbs in the subfamily Amaryllidoideae of the family Amaryllidaceae. It is now included within a more broadly circumscribed genus Zephyranthes. The genus was first identified by pioneering bulb enthusiast William Herbert in 1824.

Zephyranthes puertoricensis, known commonly as the Puerto Rico zephyr lily, is a species of flowering plant in the amaryllis family, Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae. It is native to the West Indies, Panama, Colombia, Suriname and Venezuela. It is a member of low elevation grasslands communities and moist forest habitat.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pink rain lily</span> Index of plants with the same common name

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<i>Zephyranthes rosea</i> Species of plant

Zephyranthes rosea, commonly known as the Cuban zephyrlily, rosy rain lily, rose fairy lily, rose zephyr lily or the pink rain lily, is a species of rain lily native to Peru and Colombia. They are widely cultivated as ornamentals and have become naturalized in tropical regions worldwide. Like all rain lilies, they are known for blooming only after heavy rains.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zephyranthinae</span> Subtribe of flowering plants

Zephyranthinae was a subtribe of plants classified under the tribe Hippeastreae. It belonged to the subfamily Amaryllidoideae of the Amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae). They are generally small plants with solitary flowers. Spathes are fused forming a tube surrounding the pedicel of the flower. Most of its members were commonly known as rain lilies. It included four genera:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hippeastreae</span> Tribe of flowering plants

Hippeastreae is a tribe of plants belonging to the subfamily Amaryllidoideae of the Amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae). Species in this tribe are distributed in South America. Flowers are large and showy, zygomorphic, with the stamens in varying lengths, inflorescence bracts are often fused basally. The seeds are flattened, winged or D-shaped. Reported basic chromosome numbers are x= 8-13, 17, and higher. All the species in this tribe present a remarkable aesthetic interest and horticultural value.

<i>Zephyranthes tubispatha</i> Species of flowering plant

Zephyranthes tubispatha, synonym Habranthus tubispathus, the Rio Grande copperlily or Barbados snowdrop, is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaryllidaceae. It is a perennial bulb native to southern South America. It is widely cultivated as an ornamental and reportedly naturalized in the southeastern United States, much of the West Indies as well as Bermuda, eastern Mexico, India, Easter Island, and central Chile.

<i>Pyrolirion</i> Genus of flowering plants

Pyrolirion, commonly known as fire lilies or flame lilies, is a small genus of herbaceous, bulb-forming South American plants in the Amaryllis family, native to Chile, Peru, and Bolivia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hippeastrinae</span> Subtribe of flowering plants

Hippeastrinae is a subtribe of plants classified under the tribe Hippeastreae. It belongs to the subfamily Amaryllidoideae of the Amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae).

<i>Zephyranthes minuta</i> Species of plant

Zephyranthes minuta is a plant species very often referred to as Zephyranthes grandiflora, including in Flora of North America. The latter is, however, an illegitimate name because the original author in coining the name Zephyranthes grandiflora listed the older name Amaryllis minuta as a synonym. This makes "minuta" the acceptable epithet under the ICN. In the UK it is a recipient of the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

<i>Zephyranthes citrina</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Zephyranthes chlorosolen</i> Species of plant

Zephyranthes chlorosolen, known by a number of common names including Drummond's rain‑lily, evening rain‑lily, evening star rain lily, Brazos rain‑lily, Texas rainlily, and cebolleta, is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaryllidaceae. It is found from Kansas to Mexico, and has been introduced to southern Brazil. A geophytic perennial typically 18 to 35 cm tall, its lone flower opens in the evening and lasts only a few days.

<i>Zephyranthes drummondii</i> Species of flowering plant

Zephyranthes drummondii, commonly known as Evening rain lily, evening star rain lily, giant rain lily, hill country rain lily, prairie lily, or rain lily, is a perennial species of flowering plant in the amaryllis family. It is found from northwest Florida to northeast Mexico.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Zephyranthes carinata Herb". Germplasm Resources Information Network . Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture . Retrieved August 7, 2011.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 José Luis Fernández-Alonso & Jeroen P. Groenendijk (2004). "A New Species of Zephyranthes Herb. S. L. (Amaryllidaceae, Hippeastreae), with Notes on the Genus in Colombia" (PDF). Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. 28 (107): 177–186. ISSN   0370-3908 . Retrieved August 7, 2011.
  3. "Zephyranthes carinata Herb". Tropicos. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
  4. "Zephyranthes carinata". European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO). Retrieved May 20, 2021.
  5. Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  6. 1 2 "Zephyranthes carinata Herbert, Bot. Mag. 52: t. 2594. 1825". Flora of China, www.eFloras.org. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
  7. 1 2 Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez & Mark T. Strong (2005). "Monocotyledons and Gymnosperms of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands" (PDF). Contributions from the United States National Herbarium. Smithsonian Institution. 52: 1–415. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
  8. 1 2 3 Ji Zhanhe & Alan W. Meerow (2000). "Amaryllidaceae" (PDF). Flora of China (中国植物志). Science Press & the Missouri Botanical Garden. 24: 264–273. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
  9. "Rain Lily Log - June". YuccaDo Nursery Inc. Archived from the original on September 2, 2011. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
  10. R. Govaerts. "Zephyranthes carinata Herb". Kew Royal Botanic Gardens. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
  11. "Katoch D and Singh B, Med Aromat Plants" (PDF).
  12. Lucie Cahlíková; Irena Valterová; Kateřina Macáková & Lubomír Opletal (2010). "Analysis of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids from Zephyranthes grandiflora by GC/MS and their cholinesterase activity" (PDF). Brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy (Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia). Sociedade Brasileira de Farmacognosia. 5 (8): 1201–1204. ISSN   0102-695X . Retrieved August 7, 2011.