Zephyranthes rosea

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Cuban zephyr lily
Zephyranthes rosea1MTFL.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Amaryllidaceae
Subfamily: Amaryllidoideae
Genus: Zephyranthes
Species:
Z. rosea
Binomial name
Zephyranthes rosea
Synonyms [1] [2]
  • Amaryllis carnea Schult. & Schult.f.
  • Amaryllis rosea (Lindl.) Spreng. nom. illeg.
  • Atamasco rosea (Lindl.) Greene
  • Zephyranthes carnea (Schult. & Schult.f.) D.Dietr.

Zephyranthes rosea, commonly known as the Cuban zephyrlily, rosy rain lily, rose fairy lily, rose zephyr lily or the pink rain lily, is a species of rain lily native to Peru and Colombia. They are widely cultivated as ornamentals and have become naturalized in tropical regions worldwide. Like all rain lilies, they are known for blooming only after heavy rains.

Contents

They contain potentially lethal toxins.

Description

A pink rain lily from the Philippines Zephyranthes rosea (Mindanao, Philippines) 2.jpg
A pink rain lily from the Philippines
A pink Zephyranthes rosea from Kooveri, Kerala Zephyranthes rosea (2).jpg
A pink Zephyranthes rosea from Kooveri, Kerala
Several pink rain lilies in bloom Zephyranthes rosea.jpg
Several pink rain lilies in bloom
A pink Zephyranthes rosea from Chemmad, Kerala India Rain lilly rose.jpg
A pink Zephyranthes rosea from Chemmad, Kerala India
Botanical Register; Consisting of Coloured Figures of Exotic Plants Cultivated in British Gardens; with their History and Mode of Treatment. London 10: t. 821. 1824. Zephyranthes rosea 10.821.jpg
Botanical Register; Consisting of Coloured Figures of Exotic Plants Cultivated in British Gardens; with their History and Mode of Treatment. London 10: t. 821. 1824.

Zephyranthes rosea are perennial herbaceous monocots. They are small plants, reaching only 15 to 20 cm (5.9 to 7.9 in) in height. [3] They bear five to six narrow and flattened dark green linear leaves, about 3 to 4 mm (0.12 to 0.16 in) wide, from spherical tunicate bulbs around 1.5 to 2.5 centimetres (0.59 to 0.98 in) in diameter. [4] [5] [6]

The single funnel-shaped flowers are borne erect or slightly inclined on scapes around 10 to 15 cm (3.9 to 5.9 in) long. The spathes are around 2 to 2.8 cm (0.79 to 1.10 in) long and slightly divided only at the tip. [7] The fragrant six-petaled flowers are around 2.5 cm (0.98 in) in diameter and 3 to 3.5 cm (1.2 to 1.4 in) in length. The perianth is bright pink with a green central perianth tube that is less than 5 mm (0.20 in) long. [5] [8] [9] The six stamens are of different lengths – one of 11 mm (0.43 in), one of 16 mm (0.63 in), and four between 12 and 13 mm (0.47 and 0.51 in). [5] They are shorter than the style and inserted at the mouth of the perianth. [7] The anthers are 3 to 6 mm (0.12 to 0.24 in) long. [10]

The flowers develop into capsules that are divided deeply into three lobes. [11] The seeds are shiny black and flattened. [4]

Classification

Zephyranthes rosea belongs to the genus Zephyranthes (rain lilies) of the subtribe Zephyranthinea of the tribe Hippeastreae. [12] It is classified under the subfamily Amaryllidoideae of the Amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae). In broader classifications, they are sometimes included within the lily family (Liliaceae). [13]

Nomenclature

Zephyranthes rosea (like other rain lilies) are so named because they produce short-lived flowers only after seasonal heavy rains or storms. [5] [14] [15] In Z. rosea, this usually occurs during the late summer. [16] [17] The generic name Zephyranthes literally means "flowers of the west wind", from Greek ζέφυρος ( zéphuros , the god of the west wind) and ἄνθος (anthos, 'flower'). [18] Zephyrus, the Greek personification of the west wind, is also associated with rainfall. [16] The specific name comes from Latin for 'rosy'.

Other common names of Z. rosea include 'pink rain lily', 'pink fairy lily', 'pink magic lily', 'pink zephyr lily', 'rain flower', and 'rose rain lily'. [19] [20] [21] It is also commonly known as duende rojo ('red dwarf') and leli de San Jose in Spanish; [4] and rosafarbene and Windblume in German. [13]

Zephyranthes rosea is one of the two Zephyranthes species known as the 'pink rain lily'. The other species is Zephyranthes carinata , usually referred to incorrectly as Zephyranthes grandiflora. Z. carinata is often mislabeled as Z. rosea by merchants. [16] [22] Z. carinata can be distinguished from true Z. rosea by their much larger flowers with a deeper pink coloration. [23] [24] [25] Z. rosea also has 24 chromosomes in diploid somatic cells, in contrast to 48 in Z. carinata. [26]

Another similar species known under the same common names is Zephyranthes robusta . They can be differentiated from Z. rosea by having paler pink and larger flowers.

Distribution and habitat

Zephyranthes rosea is native to Peru and Colombia. It is widely planted in warmer regions around the world and is reportedly naturalized in Florida, India, the West Indies, many of the islands of the Pacific and Indian Oceans [13] [27] They are common in recently disturbed land and grassy areas (like lawns and meadows) that receive periodical rainfall. [8] [9] [28]

Uses

Zephyranthes rosea are usually propagated by dividing clumps of bulbs, but can also be grown from seeds. They are widely cultivated as ornamental plants. [7] They are relatively low-maintenance, becoming dormant during extended periods of drought. They are less tolerant of colder temperatures than other species of Zephyranthes, however. [16]

In India, they are also used in folk medicine, along with Zephyranthes flava . [29]

Toxicity

The bulbs of Z. rosea, like other members of Zephyranthes and Habranthus, contain various toxic alkaloids including lycorine and haemanthamine. [30] They can cause vomiting, convulsions, and death to humans, livestock, and poultry. [16]

Pests and diseases

Pests of Z. rosea include chewing insects. They are also vulnerable to the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea . [17]

See also

Related Research Articles

<i>Hippeastrum</i> Genus of flowering plants in the family Amaryllidaceae

Hippeastrum is a genus of about 90 species, and over 600 hybrids and cultivars, of perennial, herbaceous and bulbous plants, native to tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas, from Mexico south to Argentina and on some islands in the Caribbean. The majority have large, fleshy bulbs—usually about the size of a softball—and tall, broad, strap-like leaves that are (generally) evergreen, and large red or purple flowers. Numerous colors and cultivars have been created over the past hundred years.

<i>Amaryllis belladonna</i> Species of flowering plant in the family Amaryllidaceae

Amaryllis belladonna, the Jersey lily, belladonna-lily, naked-lady-lily, or March lily, is a plant species native to Cape Province in South Africa but widely cultivated as an ornamental. It is reportedly naturalized in many places: Corsica, Portugal, the Azores, Madeira, the Canary Islands, the Scilly Isles of Great Britain, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ascension Island, Australia, New Zealand, Mexico, Cuba, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Chile, California, Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Michigan and the Juan Fernández Islands.

<i>Zephyranthes</i> Genus of flowering plants

Zephyranthes is a genus of temperate and tropical bulbous plants in the Amaryllis family, subfamily Amaryllidoideae, native to the Americas and widely cultivated as ornamentals. Following the expansion of the genus in 2019, which now includes the genera Habranthus and Sprekelia, there are about 200 recognized species, as well as numerous hybrids and cultivars. Common names for species in this genus include fairy lily, rainflower, zephyr lily, magic lily, Atamasco lily, and rain lily.

<i>Zephyranthes carinata</i> Species of plant

Zephyranthes carinata, commonly known as the rosepink zephyr lily or pink rain lily, is a perennial flowering plant native to Mexico, Colombia and Central America. It is also widely cultivated as an ornamental and naturalized in the West Indies, Peru, Argentina, Brazil, the southeastern United States from Texas to Florida, Zimbabwe, South Africa, China, Korea, the Ryukyu Islands, Assam, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Solomon Islands, Queensland, Society Islands, Kiribati, and Caroline Islands.

<i>Zephyranthes candida</i> Species of plant

Zephyranthes candida, with common names that include autumn zephyrlily, white windflower, white rain lily, and Peruvian swamp lily, is a species of rain lily native to South America including Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, and Brazil. The species is widely cultivated as an ornamental and reportedly naturalized in many places.

<i>Zephyranthes robusta</i> Species of plant

Zephyranthes robusta, synonym Habranthus robustus, commonly known as the Brazilian copperlily, pink fairy lily or the pink rain lily, is a species of herbaceous flowering bulb. It is native to Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay, but is now naturalized in Florida, Colombia, South Africa, and Mauritius.

Habranthus (copperlily) was a formerly recognized genus of tender herbaceous flowering bulbs in the subfamily Amaryllidoideae of the family Amaryllidaceae. It is now included within a more broadly circumscribed genus Zephyranthes. The genus was first identified by pioneering bulb enthusiast William Herbert in 1824.

<i>Rhodophiala</i> Former genus of flowering plants

Rhodophiala was a genus of herbaceous, perennial and bulbous plants in the Amaryllis family. It consisted of about 30 South American species distributed in southern Brazil, Argentina, and, specially, in Chile. Most of the species are known colloquially as añañuca. It has now been submerged in Zephyranthes.

Zephyranthes puertoricensis, known commonly as the Puerto Rico zephyr lily, is a species of flowering plant in the amaryllis family, Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae. It is native to the West Indies, Panama, Colombia, Suriname and Venezuela. It is a member of low elevation grasslands communities and moist forest habitat.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pink rain lily</span> Index of plants with the same common name

Pink rain lily, pink fairy lily, pink zephyr lily, and pink magic lily are the common names of several species of flowering plants belonging to the genera Zephyranthes and Habranthus :

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zephyranthinae</span> Subtribe of flowering plants

Zephyranthinae was a subtribe of plants classified under the tribe Hippeastreae. It belonged to the subfamily Amaryllidoideae of the Amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae). They are generally small plants with solitary flowers. Spathes are fused forming a tube surrounding the pedicel of the flower. Most of its members were commonly known as rain lilies. It included four genera:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hippeastreae</span> Tribe of flowering plants

Hippeastreae is a tribe of plants belonging to the subfamily Amaryllidoideae of the Amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae). Species in this tribe are distributed in South America. Flowers are large and showy, zygomorphic, with the stamens in varying lengths, inflorescence bracts are often fused basally. The seeds are flattened, winged or D-shaped. Reported basic chromosome numbers are x= 8-13, 17, and higher. All the species in this tribe present a remarkable aesthetic interest and horticultural value.

<i>Zephyranthes tubispatha</i> Species of flowering plant

Zephyranthes tubispatha, synonym Habranthus tubispathus, the Rio Grande copperlily or Barbados snowdrop, is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaryllidaceae. It is a perennial bulb native to southern South America. It is widely cultivated as an ornamental and reportedly naturalized in the southeastern United States, much of the West Indies as well as Bermuda, eastern Mexico, India, Easter Island, and central Chile.

<i>Pyrolirion</i> Genus of flowering plants

Pyrolirion, commonly known as fire lilies or flame lilies, is a small genus of herbaceous, bulb-forming South American plants in the Amaryllis family, native to Chile, Peru, and Bolivia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hippeastrinae</span> Subtribe of flowering plants

Hippeastrinae is a subtribe of plants classified under the tribe Hippeastreae. It belongs to the subfamily Amaryllidoideae of the Amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae).

<i>Zephyranthes minuta</i> Species of plant

Zephyranthes minuta is a plant species very often referred to as Zephyranthes grandiflora, including in Flora of North America. The latter is, however, an illegitimate name because the original author in coining the name Zephyranthes grandiflora listed the older name Amaryllis minuta as a synonym. This makes "minuta" the acceptable epithet under the ICN. In the UK it is a recipient of the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

<i>Zephyranthes chlorosolen</i> Species of plant

Zephyranthes chlorosolen, known by a number of common names including Drummond's rain‑lily, evening rain‑lily, evening star rain lily, Brazos rain‑lily, Texas rainlily, and cebolleta, is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaryllidaceae. It is found from Kansas to Mexico, and has been introduced to southern Brazil. A geophytic perennial typically 18 to 35 cm tall, its lone flower opens in the evening and lasts only a few days.

<i>Zephyranthes drummondii</i> Species of flowering plant

Zephyranthes drummondii, commonly known as Evening rain lily, evening star rain lily, giant rain lily, hill country rain lily, prairie lily, or rain lily, is a perennial species of flowering plant in the amaryllis family. It is found from northwest Florida to northeast Mexico.

References

  1. ↑ "Zephyranthes rosea Lindl". Tropicos.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
  2. ↑ "Zephyranthes rosea Lindl". The Plant List. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
  3. ↑ Kirti Mathura (2007). The Arizona Low Desert Flower Garden: A Seasonal Guide to Bloom, Height, Color, and Texture. Gibbs Smith. p. 134. ISBN   978-1-58685-896-4.
  4. 1 2 3 Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez & Mark T. Strong (2005). "Monocotyledons and Gymnosperms of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands" (PDF). Contributions from the United States National Herbarium. 52. Smithsonian Institution: 1–415. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 27, 2009. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
  5. 1 2 3 4 José Luis Fernández-Alonso & Jeroen P. Groenendijk (2004). "A New Species of Zephyranthes Herb. S. L. (Amaryllidaceae, Hippeastreae), with Notes on the Genus in Colombia" (PDF). Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. 28 (107): 177–186. ISSN   0370-3908. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 1, 2011. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
  6. ↑ "Zephyranthes rosea Lindl". Hortus Camdensis. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
  7. 1 2 3 Stuart Max Walters (1986). The European Garden Flora: Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae, Angiospermae. Cambridge University Press. p. 294. ISBN   978-0-521-24859-4.
  8. 1 2 Rita Buchanan & Roger Holmes (2001). Taylor's Master Guide to Gardening. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 521. ISBN   978-0-618-15907-9.
  9. 1 2 David W. Nellis (1997). Poisonous plants and animals of Florida and the Caribbean. Pineapple Press Inc. p. 7. ISBN   978-1-56164-111-6.
  10. ↑ "Zephyranthes rosea Lindley, Bot. Reg. 10: plate 821. 1824". Flora of North America, eFloras.org. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
  11. ↑ "Zephyranthes rosea (Spreng.) Lindl., Bot. Reg. 10: t. 821 (1824)". Flora of Australia Online, Australian Biological Resources Study. Archived from the original on October 26, 2012. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
  12. ↑ Pascal Vigneron. "Hippeastreae". Amaryllidaceae.org. Archived from the original on October 24, 2008. Retrieved August 9, 2011.
  13. 1 2 3 "Zephyranthes rosea Lindl". Germplasm Resources Information Network . Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture . Retrieved August 7, 2011.
  14. ↑ "Zephyranthes rosea". College of Micronesia – FSM. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
  15. ↑ "The Rain Lily". Types of Lilies. Archived from the original on March 7, 2012. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 Gary W. Knox (2005). "Rainlily, Zephyranthes and Habranthus spp.: Low Maintenance Flowering Bulbs for Florida Gardens" (PDF). Enh1151. Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Extension, University of Florida. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
  17. 1 2 Edward F. Gilman (1999). "Rainlily, Zephyranthes spp" (PDF). Fact Sheet FPS-621. IFAS Extension, University of Florida. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
  18. ↑ Bobby J. Ward. "Flowers of the West Wind: Rain Lilies". www.bobbyjward.com. Archived from the original on May 6, 2012. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
  19. ↑ "Zephyranthes rosea Lindl. – Cuban zephyrlily". USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
  20. ↑ "Zephyranthes rosea". Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants, Institute for Systematic Botany. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
  21. ↑ "Rose Rain Lily". Cook Islands Biodiversity & Natural Heritage. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
  22. ↑ "Zephyranthes grandiflora". Gay Gardener. Archived from the original on February 2, 2013. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
  23. ↑ William Lanier Hunt (1992). Southern Gardens, Southern Gardening. Duke University Press. p. 57. ISBN   978-0-8223-1223-9.
  24. ↑ "Zephyranthes grandiflora Lindl". Zanthan Plant Profile. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
  25. ↑ "Zephyranthes grandiflora Lindl". Hortus Camdenensis. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
  26. ↑ Puangpaga Soontornchainaksang & Kanyarat Chaiyasut (1996). "Cytogenetic study of Some Thai Species of Flowering Plants" (PDF). Thai For. Bull. (Bot.). 24: 50–61. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 16, 2012. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
  27. ↑ "Zephyranthes rosea Lindl". Discover Life. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
  28. ↑ Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  29. ↑ Lucie Cahlíková; Irena Valterová; Kateřina Macáková & Lubomír Opletal (2010). "Analysis of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids from Zephyranthes grandiflora by GC/MS and their cholinesterase activity" (PDF). Brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy (Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia). 5 (8). Sociedade Brasileira de Farmacognosia: 1201–1204. ISSN   0102-695X. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 13, 2012. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
  30. ↑ Julia F. Morton (1962). "Ornamental Plants With Toxic And/Or Irritant Properties. II" (PDF). Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society. 75. Florida State Horticultural Society: 484–491. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 20, 2012. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
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