14 Andromedae, abbreviated 14 And, also named Veritate /ˌvɛrɪˈteɪtiː/ , [10] is a single, [11] orange-hued giant star situated 248 light-years away [1] in the northern constellation of Andromeda. It is dimly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 5.22. [2] The star is moving closer to the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of −60 km/s. [2] In 2008 an extrasolar planet (designated 14 Andromedae b, later named Spe) was discovered to be orbiting the star. [4]
This is a red clump [3] giant with a stellar classification of K0 III, [4] a star that has past the first-giant branch and is now on the horizontal branch, generating energy through helium fusion at its core. The star has expanded to 12.7 times the Sun's radius and is radiating 58 times the Sun's luminosity from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,483 K. [6] Its exact mass and age are still uncertain. [6]
14 Andromedae is the star's Flamsteed designation. Following its discovery the planet was designated 14 Andromedae b.
In July 2014 the International Astronomical Union launched NameExoWorlds, a process for giving proper names to certain exoplanets and their host stars. [12] The process involved public nomination and voting for the new names. [13] In December 2015, the IAU announced the winning names were Veritate for this star and Spe for its planet. [14]
The winning names were based on those submitted by the Thunder Bay Centre of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada [15] ); namely 'Veritas' and 'Spes', Latin for 'truth' and 'hope', respectively. (Veritas was also the Roman goddess of truth and Spes was the Roman goddess of hope.) The IAU substituted the ablative forms 'Veritate' and 'Spe', which mean 'where there is truth' and 'where there is hope', respectively. This was because 'Veritas' is the name of an asteroid important for the study of the solar system. [16]
In 2016, the IAU organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN) [17] to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. In its first bulletin of July 2016, [18] the WGSN explicitly recognized the names of exoplanets and their host stars approved by the Executive Committee Working Group Public Naming of Planets and Planetary Satellites, including the names of stars adopted during the 2015 NameExoWorlds campaign. This star is now so entered in the IAU Catalog of Star Names. [10]
In 2008, a planet was announced to be orbiting the star. The planet was found to have a minimum mass of 4.8 Jupiter masses and to be orbiting in a circular orbit that takes 186 days to complete. The planet is one of the few known planets to be orbiting an evolved intermediate-mass star and one of the innermost (such planets have only been discovered around clump giants). [4]
Companion (in order from star) | Mass | Semimajor axis (AU) | Orbital period (days) | Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
b (Spe) | >5.33 ± 0.57 MJ | 0.83 [4] | 185.84 ± 0.23 | 0 | — | — |
Upsilon Andromedae is a binary star located 44 light-years from Earth in the constellation of Andromeda. The system consists of an F-type main-sequence star and a smaller red dwarf.
Gamma Cephei is a binary star system approximately 45 light-years away in the northern constellation of Cepheus. The primary is a stellar class K1 orange giant or subgiant star; it has a red dwarf companion. An exoplanet has been confirmed to be orbiting the primary.
Pollux is the brightest star in the constellation of Gemini. It has the Bayer designation β Geminorum, which is Latinised to Beta Geminorum and abbreviated Beta Gem or β Gem. This is an orange-hued, evolved red giant located at a distance of 34 light-years, making it the closest red giant to the Sun. Since 1943, the spectrum of this star has served as one of the stable anchor points by which other stars are classified. In 2006 an exoplanet was announced to be orbiting it.
51 Pegasi, formally named Helvetios, is a Sun-like star located 50.6 light-years from Earth in the constellation of Pegasus. It was the first main-sequence star found to have an exoplanet orbiting it.
Tau Boötis, Latinised from τ Boötis, is an F-type main-sequence star approximately 51 light-years away in the constellation of Boötes. It is a binary star system, with the secondary star being a red dwarf. In 1999, an extrasolar planet was detected orbiting the primary star.
Mu Arae, often designated HD 160691, officially named Cervantessur-VAN-teez, is a main sequence G-type star approximately 50 light-years away from the Sun in the constellation of Ara. The star has a planetary system with four known extrasolar planets, three of them with masses comparable with that of Jupiter. Mu Arae c, the innermost, was the first hot Neptune or super-Earth discovered.
55 Cancri is a binary star system located 41 light-years away from the Sun in the zodiac constellation of Cancer. It has the Bayer designation Rho1 Cancri (ρ1 Cancri); 55 Cancri is the Flamsteed designation. The system consists of a K-type star and a smaller red dwarf.
47 Ursae Majoris, formally named Chalawan, is a yellow dwarf star approximately 45.3 light-years from Earth in the constellation of Ursa Major. As of 2011, three extrasolar planets are believed to orbit the star.
Epsilon Tauri or ε Tauri, formally named Ain, is an orange giant star located approximately 146 light-years from the Sun in the constellation of Taurus. An exoplanet is believed to be orbiting the star.
Xi Andromedae, officially named Adhil, is a solitary star in the northern constellation of Andromeda. It has an apparent magnitude of +4.9. Based on parallax measurements obtained during the Gaia mission, it lies at a distance of roughly 223 light-years from the Sun.
Xi Aquilae, officially named Libertas, is a red-clump giant star located at a distance of 186 light-years from the Sun in the equatorial constellation of Aquila. As of 2008, an extrasolar planet has been confirmed in orbit around the star.
Pi1 Cygni (π1 Cygni, abbreviated Pi1 Cyg, π1 Cyg) is a binary star in the northern constellation of Cygnus. It is visible to the naked eye, having a combined apparent visual magnitude of 4.66. The distance to this system can be roughly gauged by its annual parallax shift of 1.89 mas, which yields a separation of around 1,700 light years from the Sun, give or take a hundred light years.
Upsilon Andromedae d, formally named Majriti, is a super-Jupiter exoplanet orbiting within the habitable zone of the Sun-like star Upsilon Andromedae A, approximately 44 light-years away from Earth in the constellation of Andromeda. Its discovery made it the first multiplanetary system to be discovered around a main-sequence star, and the first such system known in a multiple star system. The exoplanet was found by using the radial velocity method, where periodic Doppler shifts of spectral lines of the host star suggest an orbiting object.
HD 104985, formally named Tonatiuh, is a solitary star with a exoplanetary companion in the northern constellation of Camelopardalis. The companion is designated HD 104985 b and named Meztli. This star has an apparent visual magnitude of 5.78 and thus is dimly visible to the naked eye under favorable seeing conditions. It is located at a distance of approximately 329 light years from the Sun based on parallax, but is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −20 km/s.
41 Lyncis, also designated HD 81688 and named Intercrus, is a fifth-magnitude star located in the northern constellation of Ursa Major. An extrasolar planet is thought to be orbiting the star.
14 Andromedae b, formally named Spe, is an exoplanet approximately 249 light years away in the constellation of Andromeda.
81 Ceti is a star located approximately 331 light years away from the Sun in the equatorial constellation of Cetus. 81 Ceti is the Flamsteed designation for this object. It is visible to the naked eye as a dim, yellow-hued point of light with an apparent visual magnitude of 5.65. The star is drifting further away from the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of +9 km/s.
42 Draconis, formally named Fafnir, is a 5th magnitude K-type giant star located approximately 295 light years away in the constellation of Draco. As of 2009, an extrasolar planet is thought to be orbiting the star.
HD 32518 is a star with an orbiting exoplanet in the northern circumpolar constellation Camelopardalis. It has an apparent magnitude of 6.42, placing it near the limit of naked eye visibility. Located 397 light years away based on parallax measurements, it is receding with a heliocentric radial velocity of −7.02 km/s.
HD 146389, is a star with a yellow-white hue in the northern constellation of Hercules. The star was given the formal name Irena by the International Astronomical Union in January 2020. It is invisible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 9.4 The star is located at a distance of approximately 446 light years from the Sun based on parallax, but is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −9 km/s. The star is known to host one exoplanet, designated WASP-38b or formally named 'Iztok'.