Jerzy Andrzej Szmajdziński was a Polish politician who was a Deputy Marshal of Polish Sejm and previously served as Minister of Defence. He was a candidate for President of Poland in the 2010 election.
Presidential elections were held in Poland on 25 November 1990, with a second round on 9 December. They were the first direct presidential elections in the history of Poland, and the first free presidential elections since the May Coup of 1926. Before World War II, presidents were elected by the Sejm. From 1952 to 1989—the bulk of the Communist era—the presidency did not exist as a separate institution, and most of its functions were fulfilled by the State Council of Poland, whose chairman was considered the equivalent of a president.
Presidential elections were held in Poland on 5 November 1995, with a second round on 19 November. The leader of Social Democracy, Aleksander Kwaśniewski, and incumbent President Lech Wałęsa advanced to the second round. Kwaśniewski won the election with 52% of the vote in the run-off against 48% for Wałęsa.
Parliamentary elections were held in Poland on 23 September 2001 to elect deputies to both houses of the National Assembly. The election concluded with an overwhelming victory for the centre-left Democratic Left Alliance – Labor Union, the electoral coalition between the Democratic Left Alliance (SLD) and the Labour Union (UP), which captured 41% of the vote in the crucial lower house Sejm. The 2001 election is recognized as marking the emergence of both Civic Platform (PO) and Law and Justice (PiS) as players in Polish politics, while also witnessing the outright collapse of the Solidarity Electoral Action (AWS) and its former coalition partner, the Freedom Union (UW).
The Constitutional Tribunal is the constitutional court of the Republic of Poland, a judicial body established to resolve disputes on the constitutionality of the activities of state institutions; its main task is to supervise the compliance of statutory law with the Constitution of the Republic of Poland.
Parliamentary elections were held in Poland on 19 September 1993. In the Sejm elections, 52.13% of citizens cast their votes, and 95.7% of them were counted as valid. In the Senate elections, 52.1% of citizens cast their votes, and 97.07% were valid. The elections were won by the left-wing parties of the Democratic Left Alliance and the Polish People's Party, who formed a coalition government. The coalition was just four seats short of a supermajority.
Parliamentary elections were held in Poland on 27 October 1991 to elect deputies to both houses of the National Assembly. The 1991 election was notable on several counts. It was the first parliamentary election to be held since the formation of the Third Republic, the first entirely free and competitive legislative election since the fall of communism, the first completely free legislative election of any sort since 1928. Due to the collapse of the Solidarity political wing, the Solidarity Citizens' Committee, the 1991 election saw deep political fragmentation, with a multitude of new parties and alliances emerging in its wake. Low voting thresholds within individual constituencies, along with a five percent national threshold allocated to a small portion of the Sejm, additionally contributed to party fragmentation. As a result, 29 political parties gained entry into the Sejm and 22 in the Senate, with no party holding a decisive majority. Two months of intense coalition negotiations followed, with Jan Olszewski of the Centre Agreement forming a minority government along with the Christian National Union, remnants of the broader Centre Civic Alliance, and the Peasants' Agreement, with conditional support from Polish People's Party, Solidarity list and other minor parties.
The Commissioner for Human Rights is a Polish ombudsman, an official appointed for a five year term by the Sejm with an approval of the Senate. Commissioner's responsibility is to protect civil and human rights implied by the Constitution of Poland and other legislative acts.
Sejm Constituency no. 4 is a constituency of the Sejm in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship electing twelve deputies. It consists of city county of Bydgoszcz and land counties of Bydgoszcz, Inowrocław, Mogilno, Nakło, Sępólno, Świecie, Tuchola and Żnin.
Sejm Constituency no. 39 is a constituency of the Sejm in the Greater Poland Voivodeship, which elects ten deputies. It covers geographical area of the city of Poznań and surrounding Poznań County.
Warsaw I, officially known as Constituency no. 19, is one of the 41 constituencies of the Sejm, the lower house of the Parliament of Poland, the national legislature of Poland. The constituency was established as Constituency no. 1 in 1991 following the re-organisation of constituencies across Poland. It was renamed Sejm Constituency no. 19 in 2001 following another nationwide re-organisation of constituencies. It is conterminous with the city of Warsaw. Electors living abroad or working aboard ships and oil rigs are included in this constituency. The constituency currently elects 20 of the 460 members of the Sejm using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2023 parliamentary election it had 1,993,723 registered electors.
Sejm Constituency no. 9 is a Polish constituency represented in the Sejm, lower house of Polish parliament, by ten members. It is located in the Łódź Voivodeship and comprises the city of Łódź, Brzeziny and Łódź East counties.
Sejm Constituency no. 25 is a constituency of the Sejm electing twelve deputies. It consists of city counties of Gdańsk and Sopot, and land counties of Gdańsk, Kwidzyn, Malbork, Nowy Dwór, Starogard, Sztum, Tczew. Constituency Electoral Commission's seat is the city of Gdańsk.
Sejm Constituency no. 21 is a constituency of the Sejm electing twelve deputies. It consists of entire Opole Voivodeship. Constituency Electoral Commission's seat is voivodeship's capital, city of Opole.
Sejm Constituency no. 2 is a constituency of the Sejm electing eight deputies. It is located within Lower Silesian Voivodeship covering area of Wałbrzych and land counties of Dzierżoniów, Kłodzko, Świdnica, Wałbrzych and Ząbkowice Śląskie. Constituency Electoral Commission's seat is the city of Wałbrzych.
A three-part referendum was held in Poland on 6 September 2015. Voters were asked whether they approved of introducing single-member constituencies for Sejm elections, maintaining state financing of political parties and introducing a presumption in favour of the taxpayer in disputes over the tax law.
Włodzimierz Czarzasty is a Polish politician who serves as the co-chairperson of the New Left party. He has been serving as a Deputy Marshal of the Sejm since 12 November 2019.
Jan Krzysztof Ardanowski is a Polish politician, farmer and member of the Sejm since 2011. He served as the Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development between 20 June 2018 and 6 October 2020.
