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Parliamentary elections will be held in Poland by 11 November 2027 at the latest to elect members of the Sejm and Senate, although they can be held sooner if a snap election is called. The last snap election was in 2007. The previous elections in 2023 saw the Law and Justice party win the most seats but fail to form a governing coalition, with a coalition government led by Civic Platform's Donald Tusk formed.
The election succeeds a declining vote share for the Law and Justice (PiS) party since the 2023 parliamentary election. The election follows the 2025 presidential election, where the party's candidate, Karol Nawrocki, scored a major upset victory against Rafał Trzaskowski of the Civic Coalition.
Following a warming of relations between PiS, led by Jarosław Kaczyński, and the far-right Confederation (KWiN), led by libertarian Sławomir Mentzen and nationalist Krzysztof Bosak, during the 2025 presidential election, PiS changed course to clash with the Confederation. The turn of relations began with PiS issuing and asking the Confederation to sign onto the "Polish Declaration" (Polish : Deklaracja Polska), which included points such as "housing as a right, not a commodity" that conflicted with KWiN's economically liberal policies, as well as promises to never form a coalition with the ruling Civic Coalition. [1] On 12 September 2025, Kaczyński condemned the inclusion of Mentzen in a possible coalition, comparing the worldview promoted by the Confederation to Pinochetism. [2]
In late 2025, Law and Justice saw the reignition of the factional conflict between moderate faction of former prime minister Mateusz Morawiecki and the radical faction of Przemysław Czarnek. Despite attempts by Morawiecki to regain his power, the party shifted further to the right, and Morawiecki's faction became increasingly marginalized. [3] The radical faction of the party led by Czarnek [f] was given initiative over the party's electoral program for the upcoming parliamentary election. [4]
The Sejm is elected by party-list proportional representation with seats allocated via the d'Hondt method in multi-seat constituencies, [5] with a 5% threshold for single parties and 8% threshold for coalitions (requirements waived for national minorities).
The date of the election will be set by the President of Poland. If the election is not called early, it has to take place within 30 days before the expiration of the current term and fall on a non-working day. The possible dates are:
The Civic Coalition is a coalition made up of Civic Coalition (merger of Civic Platform, Modern, and Polish Initiative) and the Greens. The PO had been Poland's second largest party in the Sejm since 2015, and earned the largest number of votes in the 2024 EP election. They were the leading party of government from 2007 to 2015 and were members of the European People's Party Group (EPP Group). In October 2025, PO and its minor partners within the Civic Coalition merged into a single party of the same name, while the Greens opted to remain separate.
Law and Justice is a right-wing populist party that governed Poland following its electoral list alone gaining a majority of seats between 2015 and 2023 and was also the leading party of a minority and later coalition government from 2005 to 2007. It is a member of the European Conservatives and Reformists Group.
Poland 2050 is a centre-right party led by Szymon Hołownia, who was a journalist and presenter before entering politics in 2020. It is a Christian democratic party with socially conservative, liberal-conservative and pro-European views. In the 2023 election, it ran together with the Polish People's Party in the Third Way alliance, which was dissolved in June 2025. It represents the conservative faction of the ruling coalition. In January 2026, the party is set to undergo a leadership election to elect a chairman to replace outgoing Szymon Hołownia.
The Polish People's Party is the oldest still functioning party in Poland. Originally founded in 1895 as an agrarian peasant movement, its identity constantly shifted over time. From 1990 to late 2000s, it acted as a left-wing, agrarian socialist but socially conservative post-communist party; after forming a coalition with the Civic Platform in 2007, it shifted towards the centre and embraced economic liberalism, and it subsequently became a right-wing party in the 2010s. The shift solidified with the election of Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz as leader in 2015. It entered the government coalition in 2023 where it acted as a right-wing force, blocking socially liberal reforms.
The New Left is composed of social liberals and social democrats. The alliance's main predecessor, Democratic Left Alliance has been in government coalitions twice, in 1993–1997 and 2001–2005. NL is a member of the Socialists and Democrats (S&D) group.
Confederation is a de jure party but de facto coalition of New Hope and the National Movement. They hold a mixture of right-libertarian, right-wing populist and nationalist views. They are members of Europe of Sovereign Nations Group (New Hope) and Patriots for Europe (National Movement).
Razem is a social democratic party, [6] with democratic socialist and social liberal elements. [7] [8] It was elected as part of The Left alliance together with New Left and became a part of the ruling coalition, but it left the government and moved to opposition in October 2024 in protest of the ruling parties' austerity economic policy. [9] The party fielded its own candidate in the 2025 Polish presidential election, [10] and is considered likely to run independently in the next parliamentary election as well. [11]
Confederation of the Polish Crown is a Catholic fundamentalist and monarchist political party led by Grzegorz Braun. [12] It was part of the Confederation coalition until January 2025, when Braun was expelled from the alliance. [13] In the 2025 Polish presidential election, Braun won 6.34% of the popular vote, gaining fourth place, even though he was only seventh in the polls. [14] Following this unexpected success, Braun announced the creation of a "broad fire extinguisher front" to contest the next parliamentary election, which would represent "the right that is truly anti-systemic, not drifting towards the centre" and which is "truly national and Catholic". [15] In 2025, it formed an electoral alliance to the Senate with Bezpartyjni Samorządowcy, which received 1.86% of the vote to the Sejm and 4.91% to the Senate in 2023.
Free Republicans is a small right-wing political party led by Marek Jakubiak and Paweł Kukiz, [19] based on the previous party of Kukiz and Jakubiak, Kukiz'15. [18] Its 4 MPs were elected in the 2023 election from the electoral lists of Law and Justice and then formed its own independent parliamentary group. The party ran in the 2025 presidential election, where its leader Jakubiak won 0.77% of the popular vote in the first round, and subsequently endorsed Karol Nawrocki, the candidate of PiS, for the second. The party seeks to present a right-wing alternative based on uniting patriotic movements as well as those disappointed with the agricultural policies of PiS. [20] [21]
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The upset victory of Law and Justice (PiS)-endorsed Karol Nawrocki at the country's 2025 presidential election revealed a change in the Polish political landscape. Following the presidential election, right-wing parties overtook the governing coalition in opinion polls for a short time to then drop again. However, the shift favoured the far-right rather than the mainstream PiS which saw an ever widening lead over it for KO, despite the victory of Nawrocki. [22]
The far-right Confederation Liberty and Independence and Confederation of the Polish Crown, whose candidates, Sławomir Mentzen and Grzegorz Braun, overperformed in the presidential election — with Mentzen earning 15% of the vote, and Braun 6% — surged in popularity. Braun's party became a significant political factor as the most anti-establishment party, [23] and a November 2025 poll showed a quarter of Poles wanted Braun to enter the next cabinet. [24] The parties gained support partly at the expense of PiS, which in late 2025 scored its worst polling results in years. [25]
PiS held a programmatic convention in Katowice on 24–25 October 2025 titled "Myśląc: Polska" (English: Thinking: Poland). [26] During the convention, chairman Kaczyński commented on the situation in the country, highlighting economic matters, healthcare and security as Poland's most important issues. He condemned European integration, describing it as German imperialism and erosion of Polish statehood. [27] The convention included 128 panels [28] discussing a wide range of topics and conceptual ideas such as a universal basic income of 500 PLN, a voucher for home-buying families or automatic tax payment by AI. [29]
Following the 2025 presidential election, the four coalition parties entered a season of internal leadership elections and reorganization, beginning with the Civic Coalition (KO) alliance uniting its three main member parties into a party of the same name at the Civic Coalition unification congress as a beginning step of their 2027 campaign, [30] followed by upcoming leadership elections in the KO, New Left and Poland 2050 — the last being most prominent, with leader Szymon Hołownia retiring amid poor performances of the party to enter a career in international politics, and its leadership election scheduled for January 2026. [31] The Polish People's Party reelected its incumbent leader, Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz. [32]
People's history of Poland is usually associated with the history of Polish peasants, which permeates the discourse of leftwing parties, especially the social-democratic party Razem (Together).
Because the Left group's sole Eastern representative (KSČM) currently has no national parliamentary representation, we included Razem, a democratic socialist party with social democratic elements, that has national representation but no MEP.
However, it is difficult to judge its chances so far. It is doubtful if the model of the successful Greek Coalition of the radical left (SYRIZA) can be applied in post-communist states. A similar attempt occurred also in Poland with Razem [Together], established in 2015, in this case not taking an explicitly anti-capitalist position but rather advocating grassroots activism and Green social liberalism.
Other candidates so far include the co-leader of the far-right Confederation (PfE/ESN), Sławomir Mentzen, and Marek Jakubiak of the small right-wing party, the Free Republicans.
Ponad połowa badanych (51,2 proc.) jest przeciwko Braunowi w rządzie. Jednak niemal jedna czwarta ankietowanych (24,1 proc.) ocenia taki scenariusz pozytywnie.[Over half of respondents (51.2%) were against Braun in the government. However almost a quarter (24.1%) rated such a scenario positively.]
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