Next Polish parliamentary election

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Next Polish parliamentary election
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  2023 By 11 November 2027

All 460 seats in the Sejm
231 seats needed for a majority
 
01 Jaroslaw Kaczynski Invitation to the Armed Forces Day Parade August 15.jpg
Prime Minister Donald Tusk of Poland in the Oval Office in 2024 (cropped).jpg
Szymon Holownia 31 10 2024 (cropped4).jpg
Leader Jarosław Kaczyński Donald Tusk Szymon Hołownia
Party PiS PO PL2050
Alliance United Right Civic Coalition
Last election194 seats, 35.4%157 seats, 30.7%33 seats, 7.2% [a]

 
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Wlodzimierz Czarzasty (cropped).jpg
JKRUK 20190219 ROBERT BIEDRON KIELCE DSCN2269 (cropped).jpg
Konfederacja co-leaders collage photo (2023).png
Leader Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz Włodzimierz Czarzasty
Robert Biedroń
Sławomir Mentzen
Krzysztof Bosak
Party PSL NL NN
RN
Alliance The Left Confederation
Last election32 seats, 5.9% [a] 19 seats, 6.5% [b] 16 seats, 6.3% [c]

 
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Aleksandra Owca (2025) (cropped).jpg
Grzegorz Braun MEP (2024).jpg
Leader Adrian Zandberg
Aleksandra Owca
Grzegorz Braun
Party Razem KKP
Last election7 seats, 2.1% [b] 2 seats, 0.9% [c]

Incumbent Government

Third Tusk cabinet
KOPSLPL2050NL



Parliamentary elections will be held in Poland by 11 November 2027 at the latest to elect members of the Sejm and Senate, although they can be held sooner if a snap election is called. The last snap election was in 2007. The previous elections in 2023 saw the Law and Justice party win the most seats but fail to form a governing coalition, with a coalition government led by Civic Platform's Donald Tusk formed.

Contents

Electoral system

The Sejm is elected by party-list proportional representation with seats allocated via the D'Hondt method in multi-seat constituencies, [1] with a 5% threshold for single parties and 8% threshold for coalitions (requirements waived for national minorities).

The date of the election will be set by the President of Poland. If the election is not called early, it has to take place within 30 days before the expiration of the current term and fall on a non-working day. The possible dates are:

Political parties

The Civic Coalition is a coalition made up of the Civic Platform, Modern, Polish Initiative, and the Greens. The PO has been Poland's second largest political party since 2015 but became the largest party again in the 2024 EP election. They were the leading party of government from 2007 to 2015 and are members of the European People's Party Group (EPP Group).

Law and Justice was in power as the leader of a coalition government between 2015 and the 2023 Polish parliamentary election and was also the leading party of government from 2005 to 2007. It is a member of the European Conservatives and Reformists Group.

Poland 2050 is a centre-right party led by Szymon Hołownia, who was a journalist and presenter before entering politics in 2020. It is a Christian democratic party with socially conservative, liberal-conservative and pro-European views. In the 2023 election, it ran together with the Polish People's Party in the Third Way alliance, which was dissolved in June 2025. Hołownia is the Marshal of the Sejm from 2023, and also ran in the 2025 presidential election, winning 4.99% of the popular vote in the first round. It represents the conservative faction of the ruling coaliton.

The Polish People's Party is the oldest still functioning party in Poland. Originally founded in 1895 as an agrarian peasant movement, its identity constantly shifted over time. From 1990 to late 2000s, it acted as a left-wing, agrarian socialist but socially conservative post-communist party; after forming a coaliton with the Civic Platform in 2007, it shifted towards the centre and embraced economic liberalism, and it subsequently became a right-wing party in the 2010s. It entered the government coalition in 2023 where it acted as a right-wing force, blocking socially liberal reforms.

The New Left is composed of social liberals and social democrats. The alliance's main predecessor, Democratic Left Alliance has been in government coalitions twice: first time in 1993, second in 2001. NL is a member of the Socialists and Democrats (S&D) group.

Confederation is a de jure party but de facto coalition of New Hope and the National Movement. They hold a mixture of right-libertarian, right-wing populist and nationalist views. They are members of Europe of Sovereign Nations Group (New Hope) and Patriots for Europe (National Movement).

Razem is a social democratic party, [2] with democratic socialist and social liberal elements. [3] [4] It was elected as part of The Left alliance together with New Left and became a part of the ruling coalition, but it left the government and moved to opposition in October 2024 in protest of the ruling parties' austerity economic policy. [5] The party fielded its own candidate in the 2025 Polish presidential election, [6] and is considered likely to run independently in the next parliamentary election as well. [7]

Confederation of the Polish Crown is a Catholic fundamentalist and monarchist political party led by Grzegorz Braun. [8] It was part of the Confederation coalition until January 2025, when Braun was expelled from the alliance. [9] In the 2025 Polish presidential election, Braun won 6.34% of the popular vote, gaining fourth place, even though he was only seventh in the polls. [10] Following this unexpected success, Braun announced the creation of a "broad fire extinguisher front" to contest the next parliamentary election, which would represent "the right that is truly anti-systemic, not drifting towards the centre" and which is "truly national and Catholic". [11]

Free Republicans is a small right-wing political party led by Marek Jakubiak and Paweł Kukiz, [15] based on the previous party of Kukiz and Jakubiak, Kukiz'15. [14] Its 4 MPs were elected in the 2023 election from the electoral lists of Law and Justice and then formed its own independent parliamentary group. The party ran in the 2025 presidential election, where its leader Jakubiak won 0.77% of the popular vote in the first round, and subsequently endorsed Karol Nawrocki, the candidate of PiS, for the second. The party seeks to present a right-wing alternative based on uniting patriotic movements as well as those disappointed with the agricultural policies of PiS. [16] [17]

Parties in Parliament

Party/AllianceLeader(s)Ideology2023 resultCurrent seatsStatus
SejmSenateSejmSenate
Law and Justice
Prawo i Sprawiedliwość
Jarosław Kaczyński National conservatism
194 / 460
34 / 100
189 / 460
34 / 100
Opposition
Civic Coalition
Koalicja Obywatelska
Donald Tusk Liberal conservatism
157 / 460
41 / 100
157 / 460
42 / 100
Governing coalition
Poland 2050
Polska 2050
Szymon Hołownia Christian democracy
65 / 460
11 / 100
32 / 460
5 / 100
Governing coalition
Polish People's Party
Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe
Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz Christian democracy
32 / 460
7 / 100
Governing coalition
New Left
Nowa Lewica
Włodzimierz Czarzasty
Robert Biedroń
Social democracy
26 / 460
9 / 100
21 / 460
8 / 100
Governing coalition
Confederation Liberty and Independence
Konfederacja Wolność i Niepodległość
List
Sławomir Mentzen Right-wing populism
18 / 460
0 / 100
16 / 460
0 / 100
Opposition
Together Party
Partia Razem
Aleksandra Owca Social democracy Part of New Left
5 / 460
0 / 100
Opposition
(formerly government support)
Free Republicans
Wolni Republikanie
Marek Jakubiak Agrarianism Part of Law and Justice
4 / 460
0 / 100
Opposition
Confederation of the Polish Crown
Konfederacja Korony Polskiej
Grzegorz Braun Traditionalist Catholicism Part of Confederation Liberty and Independence
3 / 460
0 / 100
Opposition
Independents
0 / 460
5 / 100
1 / 460
4 / 100
Government support

Opinion polls

Polish Opinion Polling for the 2027 Election.png

References

  1. "Elections to the Polish Sejm, Part I". Election Resources. Retrieved 2014-08-03.
  2. Gospodarczyk, Marta (2024). "4. Polish Peasant in Poland: Peasants in the Narratives of Polish Nation-Building". In Marta Bucholc (ed.). Established-Outsiders Relations in Poland: Reconfiguring Elias and Scotson. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 99. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-49523-6. ISBN   978-3-031-49523-6. ISSN   2662-3110. People's history of Poland is usually associated with the history of Polish peasants, which permeates the discourse of leftwing parties, especially the social-democratic party Razem (Together).
  3. Wondreys, Jakub; March, Luke [in Spanish]; Pytlas, Bartek (28 September 2024). "'My enemy's enemy is my friend'? European radical left parties' response to Russia's war in Ukraine". The British Journal of Politics and International Relations. Political Studies Association: 26. doi:10.1177/13691481241284204. Because the Left group's sole Eastern representative (KSČM) currently has no national parliamentary representation, we included Razem, a democratic socialist party with social democratic elements, that has national representation but no MEP.
  4. Amini, Babak (2016). The Radical Left in Europe in the Age of Austerity. Routledge. p. 155. ISBN   978-1-138-67356-4. However, it is difficult to judge its chances so far. It is doubtful if the model of the successful Greek Coalition of the radical left (SYRIZA) can be applied in post-communist states. A similar attempt occurred also in Poland with Razem [Together], established in 2015, in this case not taking an explicitly anti-capitalist position but rather advocating grassroots activism and Green social liberalism.
  5. Tilles, Daniel (28 October 2024). "Small left-wing party cuts ties with Poland's ruling coalition". Notes from Poland.
  6. Przybył, Sebastian (11 January 2025). "Partia Razem odsłoniła karty. Wskazała kandydata na prezydenta". Interia (in Polish).
  7. "Nowy sondaż partyjny. Tak zmieniło się poparcie od wyborów". Telewizja Polska (in Polish). 17 March 2025.
  8. Przemysław Witkowski; Jakub Woroncow; Dominik Puchała (2023). "The Polish Independence March as a Contact Hub and a Model for European Extremism January 2023" (PDF). Counter Extremism Project (CEP). p. 29.
  9. "Sąd partyjny Konfederacji zdecydował o skreśleniu Grzegorza Brauna z listy członków". TVN24 (in Polish). 17 January 2025.
  10. Burzec, Marcelina (22 May 2025). "Why did nationalist parties do so well in the first round of Poland's presidential election?". Euronews .
  11. "„Ujawnił się szeroki front gaśnicowy". Grzegorz Braun zapowiada walkę w kolejnych wyborach". Rzeczpospolita (in Polish). 18 May 2025.
  12. Krzysztoszek, Aleksandra (16 December 2024). "Polish ruling parties nominate different presidential candidates". Euractiv. Other candidates so far include the co-leader of the far-right Confederation (PfE/ESN), Sławomir Mentzen, and Marek Jakubiak of the small right-wing party, the Free Republicans.
  13. Kelman, Damian (16 October 2024). "Paweł Kukiz założył nowe koło poselskie. Wolni Republikanie zamiast Kukiz'15" (in Polish).
  14. 1 2 "Marek JAKUBIAK „kandydat 0,17 procent"". Wszystko co najważniejsze (in Polish). 28 November 2024.
  15. [12] [13] [14]
  16. "Kukiz: spróbujemy stworzyć siłę, która odsunie kosmopolitów i złych ludzi od władzy" (in Polish). 17 October 2024.
  17. "Paweł Kukiz zaskoczył. Powołał nowe koło poselskie w Sejmie". Business Insider (in Polish). 17 October 2024.

Notes

  1. 1 2 As part of the Third Way coalition, which won 65 seats and 14.4% of the vote in total.
  2. 1 2 As part of The Left, which won 26 seats and 8.6% of the vote in total.
  3. 1 2 As part of Confederation, which won 18 seats and 7.2% of the vote in total.