The 2017 North Indian Ocean cyclone season was a below average yet deadly season in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation. This season produced only three named storms, of which one only intensified into a very severe cyclonic storm. The North Indian Ocean cyclone season has no official bounds but cyclones tend to form between April and December with the two peaks in May and November. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northern Indian Ocean. The season began with the formation Cyclone Maarutha on April 15 and ended with the dissipation of a deep depression on December 9.
The season began prematurely, with the formation of Cyclone Maarutha over the Bay of Bengal in mid-April. In May, Cyclone Mora formed over the Bay of Bengal. At its peak, it was equivalent to a marginal Category 1 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale. Mora would produce flash flooding throughout Sri Lanka, India, Myanmar and Bangladesh and caused 15 deaths directly and 208 deaths indirectly. The floods persisted in Bangladesh since a Deep Depression over Bay of Bengal made landfall and killed 156 people in Bangladesh. A depression formed in northwestern Bay of Bengal and produced torrential rainfall. It was followed by a depression over Jharkhand which killed 70 people in West Bengal. Under the influence of strong monsoonsurge a disturbance developed over Bay of Bengal travelled westwards and intensified to an unnamed depression. It also affected neighboring Karachi in Pakistan. A strong monsoon surge prevented formation of systems until a deep depression formed over West Bengal in October and caused heavy rainfall. A couple of depressions formed between mid-October and November which continued the rain spell causing destruction of life and property. Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Ockhi formed in early December and wreaked havoc in the countries where it impacted. It was equivalent to a strong Category 3 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson scale at peak intensity. The twin storm of Ockhi was a deep depression which originated in Bay of Bengal while its counterpart was in Arabian Sea.
On April 13, an area of low pressure formed in the South Bay of Bengal, under the influence of a persistent area of convection, in a span of six hours.[3] Under favorable conditions, rapid deepening took place, and the system was classified as a depression on April 15.[4] Later on the same day, it further intensified into a Deep Depression, and then into Cyclonic Storm Maarutha. The system moved very fast under the influence of mid-latitude trough in westerlies lying over India in the middle and upper tropospheric levels.[5] However, strong vertical wind shear and unfavourable MJO inhibited rapid intensification or further intensification of the system. Moving northeastwards, it reached its peak intensity in the early hours of 16th. The system maintained its peak intensity till landfall near Sandoway (Thandwe) in Myanmar in the midnight. After landfall, the system weakened into a Deep Depression in early hours of 17th, into a Depression in the morning and well marked low-pressure area over central Myanmar and neighbourhood in the forenoon of 17th.[6]
Maarutha had already triggered heavy rainfall as a depression in Sri Lanka, as well as the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (India). Due to a heavy swell in the sea around the Andaman Islands, all ferries to Havelock Island from Port Blair were suspended on leaving nearly 1,500 tourists stranded.[7] In Kyaukpyu, Maarutha destroyed more than 81 households and total damages amounted to Ks31.8million (US$23,400) as of April 18.[8] Four people were reported to be killed in the Irrawady division of Myanmar.[9][10] Maarutha developed as a depression in the first fortnight of April. Climatologically, the formation of tropical cyclones in the Bay of Bengal at this time of the year is rare. Only twelve Cyclonic Storms have developed over the Bay of Bengal this early in the year between 1891 and 2016.
Under the influence of a persistent area of convection, a low-pressure area formed over the southeast Bay of Bengal on May 26.[11] It rapidly strengthened on May 28, with the IMD classifying it as a Depression and subsequently upgrading it to a Deep Depression on the same day, designating it as BOB 02. In the early hours of May 29, the IMD reported the storm to have reached Cyclonic storm intensity, naming it Mora.[11] The storm followed a north-northeasterly track parallel to Myanmar coast. The system moved fast under the influence of mid-latitude trough in westerlies lying over India in the middle and upper tropospheric levels and the anti-cyclonic cyclonic circulation lying to the northeast of the system.[11] Shortly before landfall, the storm reached its peak intensity as a severe cyclonic storm with winds of 110km/h and a minimum central pressure off 978hPa (28.9inHg). The JTWC analyzed it having reached Category 1 hurricane strength on the same day, with winds of 120km/h. At peak intensity, the storm made landfall on the southern coast of Bangladesh near Chittagong at 6:00a.m. IST.[11] After landfall, the storm steadily weakened due to land interaction, before weakening into a well-marked low-pressure area over Nagaland on May 31.[11]
Additionally, although not directly related to the storm, the precursor low of Mora strengthened the arrival of the monsoon, which caused heavy flooding in Sri Lanka and the Andaman Islands that killed 208 people.
A low-pressure area formed over west central & adjoining north Bay of Bengal off north Andhra Pradesh south Odisha coast in the morning of June 10.[19] It concentrated into a well marked low-pressure area over northern parts of central Bay of Bengal & adjoining north Bay of Bay on 11th morning and into a depression over north Bay of Bengal in the evening of 11th.).[19] An anti-cyclonic circulation lay to the southeast of the system centre leading to poleward outflow favouring genesis of the system.[19] Moving nearly north-northeastwards, it intensified into a deep depression over north Bay of Bengal in the night of 11th (1800 UTC)and peaked with estimated 3-minute sustained windspeeds of 55km/h (35mph).[19] Moving north-northeastwards, it crossed Bangladesh coast near Khepupara between 2300 UTC of 11th and 0000 UTC of June 12.[19] As the system moved over land, it weakened gradually into a depression over east Bangladesh & neighbourhood due to land surface interaction and thereafter into a well marked low-pressure area.[19]
At least 156 people have been confirmed dead following landslides caused in the Rangamati, Bandarban and Chittagong districts of Bangladesh along with 14 others in Northeast India caused by torrential rainfall. Cherrapunji received 320mm rain in association with the system.[20][21] The system helped in the advancement of monsoon over the regions of West Bengal and Odisha. Damages included loss of Tk 18billion (US$223million).[22]
A low-pressure area consolidated into a depression over the northwestern and adjoining west-central Bay of Bengal, off the Odisha coast on July 17. The IMD began issuing advisories on the depression, which was very likely to cross the coast by night. The depression moved in a generally northwestwards direction without intensifying, and made landfall on India's Odisha coast, south of Puri, at about 15:00 UTC (20:30 IST) on July 18. Heavy rainfall peaking at Dondilohara in Chhattisgarh receiving 270mm (11in)[23] and Dabubagan in Odisha receiving 200mm (7.9in)[23] in 24 hours, along with sustained winds of 45km/h (30mph) affected the region,[24] causing at least a dozen villages to be submerged in floodwater and five bridges to be washed away.[25] As many as 6,000 people were evacuated in Nabarangpur, and an estimated 65,000 people were directly affected by the dangerous weather.[23][25] By July 31, at least seven people had been killed as a result of the storm.[25] Total losses were estimated at Rs 2187.2million (US$34million).[26]
A well-marked low-pressure area over Jharkhand and adjoining the Gangetic West Bengal intensified into a depression on July 26.[27] It moved in a west-northwest direction until degenerated to a well marked low-pressure area over east Madhya Pradesh during the next day.[28]
As a precursor low, the storm caused dangerous floods in West Bengal. At least 152 people died,[29] while nearly 2 million people were affected in over 160 villages, which were inundated due to heavy rains. 2,301 people were evacuated from their houses and 202,957 hectares (501,520 acres) of agricultural land were submerged.[30] Around 7,868 houses were entirely destroyed, while 44,361 were partially damaged in West Bengal.[31][32] The state lost around Rs 14000 crores (US$2.18billion) due to the storm.[33] Eleven people were reported to be killed in Jharkhand, due to the heavy rains.[34] The system caused flooding rains from West Bengal to East Rajasthan. In Jharkhand, Latehar recorded 270mm (11in) of rain, and Pratapgarh in Rajasthan recorded 240mm (9.5in) of rain, along with sustained winds of 45km/h.[28] In West Bengal, Halisahar recorded 189mm.
Under active monsoonal conditions, a low-pressure area formed over the north Bay of Bengal, near south Bangladesh on October 8.[35] On the following day, the system intensified further into a well-marked low-pressure area over the same region, and later, into a depression over the northern Bay of Bengal, near the West Bengal coast.[36] The Madden–Julian oscillation lay over phase 4 with amplitude 1 and these conditions helped in maintaining the intensity of the system and associated convection and thus the storm intensified further into a deep depression later on the same day.[37] An anticyclonic circulation lay over central India in the middle & upper tropospheric levels thus making the system move in a north-northwesterly direction. The storm encountered with strong wind shear, which caused it to weaken rapidly into a low-pressure area over west Jharkhand, on October 10.[36]
The system produced heavy rainfall in East India,[38] and also caused 3 deaths in Odisha by lightning and heavy rainfall.[39] The system caused 200mm of rainfall in Durgapur.[40]Halisahar recorded 105mm with strong gusty wind of 65km/h. Kolkata was badly affected by the dangerous weather receiving rain up to 124.4mm (4.9in).[41] Strong winds along with incessant rains slowed down traffic, uprooted trees and collapsed buildings.[41] Departure of flights from Kolkata Airport were canceled, due to strong gusty wind of about 70 kmph, at least 23 domestic flights were diverted due to the bad weather.[42] Couple of accidental death also happened due to the rain.[43] An elderly person was electrocuted when he accidentally touched a lamppost. A youth died after an uprooted tree fell on him.[41]Bangladesh was also affected by severe weather conditions. Torrential rain fell, peaking at Jessore receiving 109mm (4.3in) in 24 hrs.[44] Maritime ports of Chittagong, Cox's Bazar, Mongla and Payra had been advised in Bangladesh to hoist local cautionary signal number three.[45]
On October 18, the JTWC noted an area of thunderstorm activity located in the eastern Bay of Bengal as having a partially exposed low level center while located in a marginally favorable environment for further development.[46] Later that day, the IMD upgraded the system to Depression BOB 05 as the system developed formative banding surrounding a center of deep thunderstorm activity.[47][48] Despite being initially forecasted to intensify further, the depression tracked into an environment with strong wind shear and failed to intensify, making landfall on the Odisha coast near Paradip during the afternoon of October 20.[49] After landfall, the system remained near the coastline, allowing moisture incursion from the Bay of Bengal to prevent rapid weakening. Initially tracking northwards, the system soon recurved towards the northeast before weakening into an area of low pressure early on October 22, while located over northeastern Bangladesh, Meghalaya, and southern Assam.[50][51]
On October 20, the Odisha state government declared the heavy rains caused by the storm as a "State-Specific Disaster". Up to 25 blocks of eight districts in the state had received rainfall exceeding 135mm (5in), with the Kanas block of the Puri district recording rainfall of 274mm (10in). Heavy damage to homes were reported in Balasore and Bhadrak districts, with an infant reported to have died in the former district following the collapse of a wall.[52][53]
West Bengal was similarly affected by torrential rain, with Kolkata reporting 110mm (5in) of rain and the Bankura district reporting 279mm (10in). In North 24 pargana district, Halisahar recorded 116mm and strong winds of about 55km/h. In the East Midnapore district, a key bridge linking the seaside tourist destinations of Shankarpur and Tajpur collapsed due to strong waves and a storm surge of 1.5m (5ft) from the Bay of Bengal as the storm passed through the area. Large portions of the Jamura-Shyampur village near the bridge were similarly reported to have been inundated by the storm surge. In addition, the town of Cherapunji in Meghalaya reported rainfall of 283mm (10in) – among the highest reported in association with the depression.[54][55]
In Bangladesh, the ports of Chittagong, Cox's Bazar, Mongla and Payra raised Signal No. 3 as a result of the strong crosswinds and heavy rainfall.[56] Heavy rainfall was witnessed in the country, with the highest total reported at Gopalganj of 279mm (10in) of rain.[57]
On November 9, an area of low pressure formed in the Bay of Bengal, off the coast of Sri Lanka. The storm moved northwards, but failed to organize further, due to strong wind shear. Conditions later improved while the system moved north-northeastwards, and intensified into a depression on November 15. The IMD subsequently gave the system the identifier BOB 06.[58] On November 17, BOB 06 weakened off the coast of north Odisha into a well-marked low-pressure area as it encountered strong wind shear, with the IMD issuing their final advisory on the system.[59]
Depression BOB 06 caused heavy rainfall, damaging standing paddy crops in Sompeta, Vajrapukotturu, Ichchapuram, Mandasa and some other areas in Srikakulam district in Andhra Pradesh.[60] The system caused heavy rain in Odisha as it tracked along the coastline.[61]Kolkata recorded 53.7mm rainfall, Digha recorded 60mm rain while Halisahar recorded 58mm rain and Diamond Harbour in coastal South 24 Parganas district recorded 50mm rain as the system moved closer.[62] The rains from the storm caused an epidemic, which caused the death of hundreds of cattle at Gumabirsinghur village in the Ganjam District, in Odisha.[63] As a precursor low, the storm caused heavy rain in Tamil Nadu including Chennai,[64] and caused 20 confirmed fatalities.[65][66]
On November 20, the remnant energy of Tropical Storm Kirogi led to the formation of a new low-pressure area over the Gulf of Thailand.[67] During the next several days, the system moved into Bay of Bengal and slowly drifted westward, but the storm was unable to organize significantly, due to unfavorable conditions.[67] On November 29, the storm organized into a depression just off the southeast coast of Sri Lanka, and the IMD gave the storm the identifier BOB 07.[68] Due to the storm's rapidly consolidating low level circulation center the JTWC issued a TCFA on the system, shortly before classifying it as Tropical Cyclone 03B.[69] The IMD followed suite and upgraded the storm to a Deep Depression, and soon afterwards to Cyclonic Storm Ockhi. The storm tracked towards the west-northwest around the southern periphery of a subtropical ridge located over India.[70] The storm tracked westwards, and intensified further into a Severe Cyclone Storm, early on December 1.[71] Soon afterwards, Ockhi intensified further into a Very Severe Cyclonic Storm.[72] On December 2, a 23mi (37km) eye formed, prompting the JTWC to upgrade it to a Category 3-equivalent cyclone.[73] But the storm had a sudden turn to the north and the northeast and interacted with a Western Disturbance and a rapid deepening trough along with strong wind shear which deteriorated the overall structure of the storm.[74] It moved further north-northeastwards towards Gujarat coast and encountered cooler sea surface temperatures and dry air intrusion from the Arabian Peninsula and was last noted as a well-marked low-pressure area off the coast of Gujarat.[75]
As a precursor low, the system produced heavy rainfall in Sri Lanka, killing at least 13 people and displacing another 200,000.[76] As a Deep Depression, the system lashed the coast of Tamil Nadu[77] and Kerala, damaging infrastructure, and taking the lives of 72 more people in Kerala[78] and 14 in Tamil Nadu.[79][80]
A low-pressure area formed in the Malay Peninsula in early December. The system slowly drifted westwards in the Bay of Bengal, but failed to organize rapidly due to strong wind shear. Warm sea surface temperatures and a pole-ward channel helped the system to consolidate, and on December 6, the IMD initiated advisories on Depression BOB 08, while the JTWC to issued a TCFA on the system,[81] as it intensified to a deep depression. The following day, the system depicted flaring convection to the north of the low level circulation center. At that time the storm was located in moderate vertical wind shear along with moderate poleward outflow. The system steered under the influence of a subtropical ridge.[82] The system produced 40 knots winds in the western quadrant and the JTWC upgraded to a tropical storm. But the storm encountered high wind shear and started to rapidly decay, leading to an exposed low level circulation center with limited convection and shallow banding wrapping into a broad circulation.[83] However an overall weak structure of the storm was noted and it rapidly weakened into a well-marked low-pressure area off the coast of West Bengal and Bangladesh on the evening of December 9.[84]
Due to heavy rains under the influence of the storm paddy harvests died down in some parts of Rupsa block in Balasore and some pockets in Mayurbhanj district in Odisha. Paddy in acres of land was damaged in the rain at Badaopalasa, Bagedihi, Badepataka, Kendua, Olidihai, Burupalsa, Tupaghutu, Segeghutu, Jharadihui, Badakedam, Pokharia, Kuladiha, Rangamatia, Suruda, Anlajodi, Bahalda, Kanki, Basing and Gidighati.[85]
In Bangladesh, the maritime ports of Chittagong, Cox's Bazar, Mongla and Payra had been advised to keep hoisted local cautionary signal no three. All the fishing boats and trawlers over the North Bay had been advised to remain in shelter owing to roughconditions in the sea. At some places of Dhaka, Khulna, Barisal and Chittagong, moderate to heavy rainfall were witnessed from the remnants of the system.[85]
As a precursor low, the system caused massive floods and landslides in Indonesia and Thailand. As of 10 December 20 people were reported killed and 5 remained missing.[85]
This is a table of all storms in the 2017 North Indian Ocean cyclone season. It mentions all of the season's storms and their names, duration, peak intensities (according to the IMD storm scale), damage, and death totals. Damage and death totals include the damage and deaths caused when that storm was a precursor wave or extratropical low, and all of the damage figures are in 2017 USD.
The 2005 North Indian Ocean cyclone season caused much devastation and many deaths in Southern India despite the storms’ weakness. The basin covers the Indian Ocean north of the equator as well as inland areas, sub-divided by the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. Although the season began early with two systems in January, the bulk of activity was confined from September to December. The official India Meteorological Department tracked 12 depressions in the basin, and the unofficial Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) monitored two additional storms. Three systems intensified into a cyclonic storm, which have sustained winds of at least 63 km/h (39 mph), at which point the IMD named them.
The 2006 North Indian Ocean cyclone season had no bounds, but cyclones tend to form between April and December, with peaks in May and November. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northern Indian Ocean.
The 2008 North Indian cyclone season was one of the most disastrous tropical cyclone seasons in modern history, causing more than 140,000 fatalities and over US$15 billion in damage. At the time, it was the costliest season in the North Indian Ocean, until it was surpassed by 2020. The season has no official bounds but cyclones tend to form between April and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northern Indian Ocean. There are two main seas in the North Indian Ocean—the Bay of Bengal, which is east of India, and the Arabian Sea, which is west of India. The official Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre in this basin is the India Meteorological Department (IMD), however the Joint Typhoon Warning Center releases unofficial advisories for military interests. An average of four to six storms form in the North Indian Ocean every season. Cyclones occurring between the meridians 45°E and 100°E are included in the season by the IMD.
The 2000 North Indian Ocean cyclone season was fairly quiet compared to its predecessor, with all of the activity originating in the Bay of Bengal. The basin comprises the Indian Ocean north of the equator, with warnings issued by the India Meteorological Department (IMD) in New Delhi. There were six depressions throughout the year, of which five intensified into cyclonic storms – tropical cyclones with winds of 65 mph (105 km/h) sustained over 3 minutes. Two of the storms strengthened into a Very Severe Cyclonic Storm, which has winds of at least 120 km/h (75 mph), equivalent to a minimal hurricane. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) also tracked storms in the basin on an unofficial basis, estimating winds sustained over 1 minute.
The 1995 North Indian Ocean cyclone season was below-average and was primarily confined to the autumn months, with the exception of three short-lived deep depressions in May. There were eight depressions in the basin, which is Indian Ocean north of the equator. The basin is subdivided between the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea on the east and west coasts of India, respectively. Storms were tracked by the India Meteorological Department (IMD), which is the basin's Regional Specialized Meteorological Center, as well as the American-based Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) on an unofficial basis.
The 1993 North Indian Ocean cyclone season was the least active on record in the basin, with only four tropical disturbances. There are two main seas in the North Indian Ocean – the Bay of Bengal to the east of the Indian subcontinent and the Arabian Sea to the west. The India Meteorological Department (IMD) issued advisories for the systems in its official capacity as the local Regional Specialized Meteorological Center, while the Joint Typhoon Warning Center also issued advisories for two of the storms on an unofficial basis. Of the five disturbances tracked by the IMD, two intensified into cyclonic storms.
The 1994 North Indian Ocean cyclone season was a below-average year in which eight tropical cyclones affected seven countries bordering the North Indian Ocean. The India Meteorological Department tracks all tropical cyclones in the basin, north of the equator. The first system developed on March 21 in the Bay of Bengal, the first March storm in the basin since 1938. The second storm was the most powerful cyclone of the season, attaining maximum sustained winds of 215 km/h (135 mph) in the northern Bay of Bengal. Making landfall near the border of Bangladesh and Myanmar, the cyclone killed 350 people and left US$125 million in damage.
The 2011 North Indian Ocean cyclone season was the least active tropical cyclone season in the North Indian Ocean since 1993. Only two cyclonic storms formed, below the average of four to six. The North Indian Ocean cyclone season has no official bounds, but cyclones tend to form between April and December, with peaks in May and November. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northern Indian Ocean. The scope of this article is limited to the Indian Ocean in the Northern Hemisphere, east of the Horn of Africa and west of the Malay Peninsula. There are two main seas in the North Indian Ocean — the Arabian Sea to the west of the Indian subcontinent, abbreviated ARB by the India Meteorological Department (IMD); and the Bay of Bengal to the east, abbreviated BOB by the IMD.
The 2013 North Indian Ocean cyclone season was an event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation, in which tropical cyclones formed in the North Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea. The season had no official bounds, but cyclones typically formed between May and December, with the peak from October to November. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northern Indian Ocean.
The 2014 North Indian Ocean cyclone season was an event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation. The season included two very severe cyclonic storms, both in October, and one other named cyclonic storm, classified according to the tropical cyclone intensity scale of the India Meteorological Department. Cyclone Hudhud is estimated to have caused US$3.58 billion in damage across eastern India, and more than 120 deaths.
Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm Phailin was one of the most intense tropical cyclones to make landfall in India since the 1999 Odisha cyclone. The system was first noted as a tropical depression on October 4, 2013, within the Gulf of Thailand, to the west of Phnom Penh in Cambodia. Over the next few days, it moved westwards within an area of low to moderate vertical wind shear, before as it passed over the Malay Peninsula, it moved out of the Western Pacific Basin on October 6. It emerged into the Andaman Sea during the next day and moved west-northwest into an improving environment for further development before the system was named Phailin on October 9, after it had developed into a cyclonic storm and passed over the Andaman and Nicobar Islands into the Bay of Bengal.
The 2015 North Indian Ocean cyclone season was an event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation. The North Indian Ocean cyclone season has no official bounds, but cyclones tend to form between months of April and December, with the peak from May to November. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northern Indian Ocean.
The 2016 North Indian Ocean cyclone season was an event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation. It was the deadliest season since 2010, killing more than 400 people. The season was an average one, seeing four named storms, with one further intensifying into a very severe cyclonic storm. The first named storm, Roanu, developed on 19 May while the season's last named storm, Vardah, dissipated on 18 December. The North Indian Ocean cyclone season has no official bounds, but cyclones tend to form between April and December, with the two peaks in May and November. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northern Indian Ocean.
The 2018 North Indian Ocean cyclone season was one of the most active North Indian Ocean cyclone seasons since 1992, with the formation of fourteen depressions and seven cyclones. The North Indian Ocean cyclone season has no official bounds, but cyclones tend to form between April and December, with the two peaks in May and November. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northern Indian Ocean.
The 2019 North Indian Ocean cyclone season was the second most active North Indian Ocean cyclone season on record in terms of cyclonic storms, the 1992 season was more active according to the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. The season featured 12 depressions, 11 deep depressions, 8 cyclonic storms, 6 severe cyclonic storms, 6 very severe cyclonic storms, 3 extremely severe cyclonic storms, and 1 super cyclonic storm, Kyarr, the first since Cyclone Gonu in 2007. Additionally, it also became the third-costliest season recorded in the North Indian Ocean, only behind the 2020 and 2008 seasons.
The 2020 North Indian Ocean cyclone season was the costliest North Indian Ocean cyclone season on record, mostly due to the devastating Cyclone Amphan. The North Indian Ocean cyclone season has no official bounds, but cyclones tend to form between April and November, with peaks in late April to May and October to November. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northern Indian Ocean. The season began on May 16 with the designation of Depression BOB 01 in the Bay of Bengal, which later became Amphan. Cyclone Amphan was the strongest storm in the Bay of Bengal in 21 years and would break Nargis of 2008's record as the costliest storm in the North Indian Ocean. The season concluded with the dissipation of Cyclone Burevi on December 5. Overall, the season was slightly above average, seeing the development of five cyclonic storms.
Cyclonic Storm Maarutha was the first tropical cyclone to make landfall in Myanmar in April. The first tropical cyclone and named storm of the 2017 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Maarutha was a relatively short-lived and weak system, nonetheless causing notable damage in Myanmar. Maarutha formed from an area of low pressure over the southern Bay of Bengal on April 15. The next morning, RSMC New Delhi upgraded the low-pressure area to a Depression and designated it as BOB 01.
The 2021 North Indian Ocean cyclone season was an average season, the North Indian Ocean cyclone season has no official bounds, but cyclones tend to form between April and December, peaking between May and November. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northern Indian Ocean. The season began on April 2, when a depression designated as BOB 01 was formed in the north Andaman Sea and quickly made landfall in Myanmar. The basin remained quiet for over a month before Cyclone Tauktae formed. It rapidly intensified into an extremely severe cyclonic storm before making landfall in Gujarat, become the strongest storm ever to strike that state since the 1998 Gujarat cyclone. Later that month, BOB 02 formed and later strengthened into Cyclone Yaas. Yaas rapidly intensified into a very severe cyclonic storm before making landfall in northwestern Odisha. The season's strongest tropical cyclone was Cyclone Tauktae, with maximum wind speeds of 185 km/h (115 mph) and a minimum barometric pressure of 950 hPa (28.05 inHg).
The 2022 North Indian Ocean cyclone season was an event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation. It was an above-average season in terms of depressions and average in terms of deep depressions, but slightly below average in terms of cyclonic storms. It was also the least deadly North Indian Ocean cyclone season since 1988, according to official data. The season's strongest tropical cyclone was Cyclone Asani, with maximum wind speeds of 100 km/h and a minimum barometric pressure of 982 hPa. The North Indian Ocean cyclone season has no official bounds, but cyclones tend to form between April and December, with the peak from May to November. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northern Indian Ocean.
Cyclonic Storm Jawad was a weak tropical cyclone that caused disruptions over the East India and Bangladesh while bringing heavy rainfall and strong winds over these states as a weakened system. The tenth depression, sixth deep depression and fifth cyclonic storm of the active 2021 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, its predecessor was first tracked by Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) in the South China Sea as an area of low pressure. It then moved west-northwestwards into the Gulf of Thailand, where it crossed into the Andaman Sea by December 1. Near midnight of that day, the JTWC issued a TCFA on the system and on the next day, the India Meteorological Department (IMD) upgraded the system to a depression after passing through the Nicobar Islands. Further intensification ensued as the depression tracked through environmental conditions favorable for strengthening, and the system was upgraded into a deep depression on December 3 and into a cyclonic storm by 06:00 UTC that day, with the IMD naming it Jawad. However, this intensification was short-lived, as the system weakened to a deep depression back due to wind shear.
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