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The politics of Nepal functions within the framework of a parliamentary republic with a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the Prime Minister and their cabinet, while legislative power is vested in the Parliament.
The Nepali Congress is the oldest democratic socialist political party in Nepal and the largest party in the country. The party has 870,106 members as of the party's 14th general convention in December 2021 making them the largest party by membership in Nepal. In June 2023, the party started online membership since the emergence of youth leaders in vital post to bring youths into the party. The party is led by former prime minister, Sher Bahadur Deuba since the party's thirteenth general convention in 2016. The party won 89 seats in the 2022 general election and is currently the largest parliamentary group in the House of Representatives.
Pushpa Kamal Dahal, alias Prachanda, is a Nepalese politician, currently serving as the Leader of the Opposition, since July 2024. He has served as the Prime Minister of Nepal on three separate occasions, from 2008 to 2009 as the first prime minister of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, from 2016 to 2017, and again from 2022 to 2024.
The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre) (Nepali: नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)), abbreviated CPN (Maoist Centre), CPN-Maoist Centre, CPN Maoist Centre, or CPN (MC), is the third largest political party in Nepal and a member party of Samajbadi Morcha. It was founded in 1994 after breaking away from the Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre). The party launched an armed struggle in 1996 against the Nepalese government. In 2006, the party formally joined mainstream politics after signing a peace agreement following the 2006 Nepalese revolution.
The Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) (Nepali: नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी), romanized: nēpāl kamyuniṣṭ pārṭī (ēkīkṛt mārksavādī-lēninavādī); abbr. CPN (UML)) is a communist political party in Nepal. The party emerged as one of the major parties in Nepal after the end of the Panchayat era.
Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Prachanda Path is the ideological line of the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist), also known as the UCPN(M). It is considered a development of Marxism–Leninism–Maoism (MLM) and named after the leader of the UCPN(M), Pushpa Kamal Dahal, commonly known as Prachanda. Prachanda Path was proclaimed in 2001. The ideology was partially inspired by the example of the Communist Party of Peru – Shining Path, which refers to its ideological line as Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Gonzalo Thought.
The Nepal Communist Party, abbreviated NCP is a defunct communist party which existed in Nepal from 2018 to 2021. It was founded on 17 May 2018, from the unification of two leftist parties, Communist Party of Nepal and Communist Party of Nepal. The unification was completed by the Party Unification Coordination Committee, after eight months of negotiation. The two predecessor parties subsequently dissolved, making way for the new united party. The party retained the electoral symbol of the CPN (UML), the sun.
Bishnu Prasad Paudel is a Nepalese politician, who is the vice-chairman of Communist Party of Nepal. Paudel served as the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance in the Third Dahal cabinet. He has earlier served as Deputy Prime Minister (2021), and headed other prominent Ministries such as Finance, Home Affairs (2021), Industry (2021), Water and Defence (2011).
Jhala Nath Khanal is a Nepalese politician who was the 35th Prime Minister of Nepal from February 2011 to August 2011. He was previously the chairman of the Communist Party of Nepal and Leader of the Constituent Assembly Parliamentary Party of the CPN (UML).
Khadga Prasad Sharma Oli ; commonly known as KP Sharma Oli; is a Nepalese politician serving as the Prime Minister of Nepal since 15 July 2024 and chairman of the Communist Party of Nepal since 2014. He previously served as prime minister from 11 October 2015 to 3 August 2016, from 15 February 2018 to 14 May 2021 and from 14 May 2021 to 13 July 2021, He has been the Member of Parliament for Jhapa 5 since 2017, he previously served as an MP for Jhapa 6, Jhapa 2 and Jhapa 7.
Dahal is a Nepali surname of Khas origin, and also prevalent in some regions of India mainly in Sikkim, Uttarakhand and few parts of Bhutan. The Dahals belong to the Indo-Aryan ethinic group, within the gentry class including Brahmin, Chhetri (ruling) or Rajput castes in accordance to traditional Hindu classification system.
Yogesh Bhattarai is a Nepali politician currently serving as a Member of Parliament in the House of Representatives from Taplejung constituency since 2017. Bhattarai is currently in his second term as secretary of CPN(UML). He also served as former Minister of Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation.
On 4 August 2016, Pushpa Kamal Dahal of the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist-Centre) was elected as the Prime Minister of Nepal. His candidacy was supported by the Nepali Congress, and several small parties represented in the Nepalese Parliament after a power-sharing deal with the Nepali Congress. Due to this, Dahal would become Prime Minister until the 2017 Nepalese local elections, after which he would step down in favour of the Nepali Congress.
Events from the year 2016 in Nepal
The First Federal Parliament of Nepal, consisting of the House of Representatives and the National Assembly, was elected via the 2017 legislative, provincial and local elections.
General elections were held in Nepal on 20 November 2022 to elect the 275 members of the House of Representatives. There were two ballots in the election; one to elect 165 members from single-member constituencies via FPTP, and the other to elect the remaining 110 members from a single nation-wide constituency via party-list proportional representation.
Events in the year 2022 in Nepal.
At the end of 2020, a major split in the Nepal Communist Party (NCP) revived the Communist Party of Nepal and the Communist Party of Nepal.
The Dahal cabinet, 2022 or Third Dahal Cabinet was the former Government of Nepal, formed on 26 December 2022 after Pushpa Kamal Dahal was appointed as the new Prime Minister of Nepal by president Bidya Devi Bhandari, following the 2022 Nepalese general election.
Events in the year 2023 in Nepal.