2025 in reptile paleontology

Fossil reptile research published in 2025 includes new taxa that were described that year, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to reptile paleontology.

Squamates

New squamate taxa

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Country	Notes	Images
Bolg [1]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Woolley et al.	Late Cretaceous (Campanian)	Kaiparowits Formation	United States ( Utah)	A monstersaurian member of Anguimorpha. The type species is B. amondol.
Cadurcopanoplos [2]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Lemierre & Georgalis	Eocene	Quercy Phosphorites Formation	France	A glyptosaurid. The type species is C. vaylatsensis.
Caninosaurus [3]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Wang et al.	Late Cretaceous	Tangbian Formation	China	A borioteiioid. The type species is C. ganzhouensis.
Cheilophis periplanetes [4]	Sp. nov	Valid	Georgalis & Mennecart	Eocene (Ypresian)	Formation of Unios and Teredinids Sands	France	A snake belonging to the group Constrictores.
Phosphoriguana [2]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Lemierre & Georgalis	Eocene	Quercy Phosphorites Formation	France	A probable member of Pleurodonta. The type species is P. peritechne.
Pterosphenus rannensis [5]	Sp. nov	Valid	Datta & Bajpai	Eocene (Lutetian)		India	A snake belonging to the family Palaeophiidae.
Wautaugategu [6]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Bourque & Stanley	Miocene (Barstovian)		United States ( Georgia (U.S. state))	A member of the family Teiidae belonging to the subfamily Tupinambinae. The type species is W. formidus.
Zhongyuanxi [7]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Xu et al.	Late Cretaceous (possibly Maastrichtian)	Qiupa Formation	China	A member of Anguimorpha, possibly a stem-varanid. The type species is Z. jiai.

Squamate research

• A study on the biogeography of squamates throughout their evolutionary history is published by Wilenzik & Pyron (2025), who identify Europe and northeastern Asia as the most likely areas of the origin of Squamata. ^[8]
• Lizard teeth showing adaptations to durophagy are described from the strata of the Deccan Intertrappean Beds from the Cretaceous-Paleogene transition from Kesavi (Madhya Pradesh, India) by Yadav & Verma (2025). ^[9]
• Čerňanský, Tabuce & Vidalenc (2025) report the first fossil evidence of presence of scincoids and pleurodontan iguanians in the Cos locality (Quercy Phosphorites Formation, France) during the Ypresian. ^[10]
• Brownstein et al. (2025) argue that the common ancestor of extant night lizards originated before the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event and that members of the group survived the extinction in spite of living in the areas close to the site of the Chicxulub impact crater. ^[11]
• Jiang et al. (2025) review the taxonomic composition, phylogenetic affinities, morphological diversity and geographical distribution of polyglyphanodontians. ^[12]
• Santos et al. (2025) describe a new specimen of Calanguban alamoi from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation (Brazil), designated by the authors as the neotype of the species, and interpret is as a borioteiioid (polyglyphanodontian). ^[13]
• Revision of the Paleogene fossil material of glyptosaurids from Kazakhstan and Mongolia is published by Syromyatnikova (2025). ^[14]
• A maxilla representing the first cranial material of a monitor lizard from the Miocene of India reported to date is described by Čerňanský & Patnaik (2025). ^[15]
• López-Rueda et al. (2025) describe new mosasaur material from the Upper Cretaceous Labor-Tierna and Plaeners formations (Colombia), including the first record of a member of the genus Globidens from northern South America reported to date. ^[16]
• A study on patterns of the foraging area preference of members of different mosasaur groups throughout the Late Cretaceous, as indicated by carbon isotope composition of tooth enamel, is published by Polcyn et al. (2025). ^[17]
• A study on teeth of mosasaurs from the Campanian Bearpaw Formation (Alberta, Canada), providing evidence of dietary niche differentiation of the studied taxa, is published by Holwerda et al. (2025). ^[18]
• A study on diversity of tooth shapes and likely dietary preferences of Maastrichtian mosasaurs from the Phosphates of Morocco is published by Bardet et al. (2025), who also transfer Platecarpus (?) ptychodon Arambourg (1952) to the genus Gavialimimus , and interpret it as a probable senior synonym of Gavialimimus almaghribensis. ^[19]
• Evidence from the study of a tooth fragment of cf. Prognathodon sp. from the Upper Cretaceous strata in South Africa, indicating that the studied individual had a higher body temperature than closely associated Squalicorax shark, and likely higher than seawater temperature, is presented by Woolley et al. (2025). ^[20]
• Grigoriev et al. (2025) describe fossil material of Latoplatecarpus cf. L. willistoni from the Campanian Rybushka Formation (Saratov Oblast, Russia), representing the first known record of the genus outside of North America. ^[21]
• Georgalis (2025) revises Plesiotortrix edwardsi from the Quercy Phosphorites Formation (France), and considers it to be nomen dubium . ^[22]
• The oldest cranial remains of a member of Constrictores (the group including boas and pythons) described and figured from the Cenozoic of Europe to date are reported from the Eocene (Ypresian) strata from the Cos locality (Quercy Phosphorites Formation, France) by Čerňanský et al. (2025). ^[23]
• Venczel et al. (2025) describe new fossil material of snakes from Eocene and Oligocene localities in the Transylvanian Basin (Romania), including cf. Messelophis variatus from the Oligocene (Rupelian) strata of the Dâncu Formation which might represent the last occurrence of ungaliophiids in Europe. ^[24]
• Evidence from the study of lizard and snake fossils from Eocene localities in Wyoming and North Dakota (United States), interpreted as indicative of warmer and wetter climate in mid-latitude North America during the late Eocene than indicated by earlier studies, is presented by Smith & Bruch (2025). ^[25]

Ichthyosauromorphs

New ichthyosauromorph taxa

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Country	Notes	Images
Fernatator [26]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Massare et al.	Early Jurassic (Pliensbachian)	Fernie Formation	Canada ( British Columbia)	A parvipelvian ichthyosaur. The type species is F. prenticei.
Gadusaurus [27]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Pratas e Sousa et al.	Early Jurassic (Sinemurian)	Água de Madeiros Formation	Portugal	A baracromian ichthyosaur. The type species is G. aqualigneus.

Ichthyosauromorph research

• A description of the cranial anatomy of a specimen of Hupehsuchus nanchangensis is published by Zhao et al. (2025). ^[28]
• Motani, Pyenson & Jiang (2025) reexamine the morphological analysis published by Fang et al. (2023), ^[29] and argue that, contrary to the conclusions of these authors, there is no evidence of morphological similarities between Hupehsuchus nanchangensis and extant balaenid whales supporting the interpretation of Hupehsuchus as a balaenid-style filter feeder. ^[30]
• Maisch (2025) argues that ichthyosaurs were not closely related to mesosaurs and hupehsuchians, and proposes that owenettids were the closest known relatives of ichthyosaurs. ^[31]
• Serafini et al. (2025) revise bromalites from the Lower Jurassic Posidonia Shale (Germany), interpreted as produced by Temnodontosaurus trigonodon and providing evidence that the producer fed on other ichthyosaurs and on coleoid cephalopods. ^[32]
• Lindgren et al. (2025) describe a new flipper of Temnodontosaurus with soft tissue impressions including novel structures which they term "chondroderms," which would have given the flipper a serrated appearance in life and probably served a noise reduction function. ^[33]
• Pardo-Pérez et al. (2025) describe a gravid ichthyosaur specimen (possibly belonging to the species Myobradypterygius hauthali ) from the Hauterivian strata from the Torres del Paine National Park, representing the first complete ichthyosaur specimen reported from Chile. ^[34]
• Meyerkort et al. (2025) describe a phalanx bone of a brachypterygiid ichthyosaur from the middle–upper Cenomanian strata of the Gearle Siltstone (Australia), representing the geologically youngest ichthyosaur record from the Southern Hemisphere reported to date. ^[35]

Sauropterygians

New sauropterygian taxa

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Country	Notes	Images
Carinthiasaurus [36]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Klein et al.	Middle Triassic (Ladinian)	Fellbach Limestone	Austria	A member of the family Nothosauridae. The type species is C. kandutschi.
Plesionectes [37]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Sachs & Madzia	Early Jurassic (Toarcian)	Posidonia Shale	Germany	A basal plesiosauroid. The type species is P. longicollum.
Traskasaura [38]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	O'Keefe et al.	Late Cretaceous (Santonian)	Haslam Formation	Canada ( British Columbia)	A basal elasmosaurid. The type species is T. sandrae .

Sauropterygian research

• Su et al. (2025) describe two new specimens of Glyphoderma kangi , providing new information on the anatomy of the studied placodont. ^[39]
• Ruciński et al. (2025) describe fossil material of a member of the genus Henodus from the Upper Triassic Silves Group (Portugal), expanding known geographical range of members of the genus. ^[40]
• A study on the skull anatomy and phylogenetic affinities of Keichousaurus hui is published by Xu et al. (2025). ^[41]
• A study on the bone development throughout the ontogeny of Keichousaurus hui is published by Wang et al. (2025). ^[42]
• Cabezuelo-Hernández et al. (2025) report evidence of non-infectious pathologies in the dorsal vertebrae of the holotype specimen of Paludidraco multidentatus , different from vertebral pathologies reported in other marine reptile specimens as interpreted as most likely caused by either a congenital disorder or long-term biomechanical stress. ^[43]
• Marx et al. (2025) report evidence of preservation of skin traces, including smooth skin on the tail and scaly skin on the flippers, as well as evidence of preservation of melanosomes and keratinocytes in a plesiosaur specimen from the Lower Jurassic Posidonia Shale (Germany). ^[44]
• Redescription and a study on the affinities of Seeleyosaurus guilelmiimperatoris is published by Sachs et al. (2025), who interpret Plesiopterys wildi as a taxon distinct from S. guilelmiimperatoris. ^[45]
• Description of a new specimen of Plesiopterys wildi from the Toarcian Posidonia Shale (Germany) and a study on the phylogenetic affinities of the species is published by Marx et al. (2025). ^[46]
• Kinzella, Cotton & Delsett (2025) describe pliosaurid and indeterminate plesiosaur fossil material from the Pliensbachian strata of the Hasle Formation from Bornholm, including a propodial representing the first fossil of a juvenile plesiosaur from Denmark reported to date, and a neural arch of a juvenile or paedomorphic specimen. ^[47]
• New fossil material of Kimmerosaurus langhami , providing new information on the skull anatomy of members of this species, is described from the Kimmeridge Clay (Dorset, United Kingdom) by Roberts et al. (2025). ^[48]
• Pereyra, O'Gorman & Chinsamy (2025) study the bone histology of Kawanectes lafquenianum , identifying the studied specimens as adults and identifying K. lafquenianum as a small-bodied elasmosaurid. ^[49]
• O'Gorman et al. (2025) describe a partial skeleton of an osteologically immature elasmosaurid with preserved skull bones from the Upper Cretaceous Snow Hill Island Formation (Antarctica), possibly representing a taxon distinct from Vegasaurus molyi . ^[50]
• Evidence of a healing fracture and periostitis is reported in elasmosaurid specimens from the Maastrichtian Snow Hill Island Formation (Antarctica) and Jagüel Formation (Argentina) by Mitidieri et al. (2025). ^[51]
• New polycotylid fossil material, possibly belonging to a previously unknown large-toothed member of the group, is described from the Campanian strata in European Russia by Zverkov & Meleshin (2025). ^[52]
• Zverkov, Grigoriev & Nikiforov (2025) describe new fossil material of Polycotylus sopozkoi from the Upper Cretaceous (Santonian–Campanian) strata from the Izhberda quarry (Orenburg Oblast, Russia), providing new information on the morphology of members of the species. ^[53]
• The first record of gastroliths in Sulcusuchus erraini is reported by O'Gorman, Aspromonte & Matelo Mirco (2025). ^[54]

Turtles

New turtle taxa

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Country	Notes	Images
Allaeochelys meylani [55]	Sp. nov	Valid	Rollot et al.	Miocene (Burdigalian)	Moghra Formation	Egypt	A member of the family Carettochelyidae.
Asmodochelys leviathan [56]	Sp. nov	Valid	Smith, Adrian & Kline	Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)	Neylandville Marl	United States ( Texas)	A member of the family Ctenochelyidae.
Calvarichelys [57]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Oriozabala et al.	Late Cretaceous (Campanian–Maastrichtian)	La Colonia Formation	Argentina	A member of the family Chelidae. The type species is C. coloniensis.
Chelonoidis pucara [58]	Sp. nov	Valid	Agnolín & Chimento	Pleistocene (Lujanian)	Lujan Formation	Argentina	A tortoise, a species of Chelonoidis .
Euclastes montenati [59]	Sp. nov	Valid	De Lapparent de Broin et al.	Paleocene (Thanetian)	Bracheux Formation	France	A sea turtle belonging to the family Euclastidae.
Syriemys [60]	Gen. et sp. nov		Alhalabi et al.	Eocene		Syria	A member of the family Podocnemididae belonging to the tribe Stereogenyini. Genus includes new species S. lelunensis.
Tavachelydra [61]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Lyson et al.	Paleocene (Danian/Puercan)	Denver Formation	United States ( Colorado)	A member of Pan-Chelydridae. The type species is T. stevensoni.
Thaichelys [62]	Gen. et comb. nov.		Szczygielski et al.	Late Triassic (Norian)	Huai Hin Lat Formation	Thailand	A member of the family Proterochersidae. The type species is "Proganochelys" ruchae.
Wabanbara [63]	Gen. et sp. nov		White, Gillespie & Hand	Miocene	Riversleigh World Heritage Area	Australia	A member of the family Chelidae. The type species is W. ringtailensis.

Turtle research

• Karl, Tichy & Safi (2025) interpret the holotype of Priscochelys hegnabrunnensis from the Ladinian Muschelkalk strata from Hegnabrunn (Germany) as a fragment of the carapace of the oldest known stem representative of the turtle clade. ^[64]
• New fossil material of Plastremys lata , providing new information on the anatomy of members of this species, is described from the Lower Cretaceous (Albian) Escucha Formation (Spain) by Pérez-García et al. (2025). ^[65]
• The first known case of a skeletal pathology in a helochelydrid (a specimen of Plastremys lata from the Escucha Formation) is reported by Guerrero, Cobos & Pérez-García (2025). ^[66]
• Neto et al. (2025) describe new fossil material of Chelus colombiana from the Miocene Solimões Formation (Brazil), and interpret its morphology as supporting the presence of a single species of Chelus in the Miocene of South America. ^[67]
• Fossil material of a member of the genus Phrynops distinct from Phrynops paranensis is described from the Miocene Palo Pintado Formation (Argentina) by de la Fuente et al. (2025). ^[68]
• Pérez-García (2025) revises the fossil material of "Podocnemis" parva and "P." judaea, interprets the latter species as a junior synonym of the former one, and confirms assignment of "P." parva to the bothremydid genus Algorachelus . ^[69]
• A study on the neuroanatomy of Azzabaremys moragjonesi , providing evidence of convergences of its neuroanatomical structures with those of other turtles adapted to marine environments, is published by Martín-Jiménez & Pérez-García (2025). ^[70]
• Tong et al. (2025) describe the cranial morphology of Foxemys mechinorum from the Late Cretaceous Massecaps locality (France), reporting that the cranial differences exhibited in the studied specimens are interpreted as intraspecific variation or ontogeny. ^[71]
• Ke et al. (2025) describe a probable male specimen of Nanhsiungchelys cf. yangi from the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian to Maastrichtian) Zhenshui Formation (Guangdong, China), and study the phylogenetic affinities of the genus Nanhsiungchelys within the family Nanhsiungchelyidae. ^[72]
• A study on the shell histology of Maastrichtian and Paleocene trionychids is published by Ong, Snively & Woodward (2025). ^[73]
• Revision of shell characters for the studies of the phylogenetic relationships of extant and extinct pan-trionychids is published by Joyce (2025). ^[74]
• Revision of the fossil material of marine turtles from the Campanian and Maastrichtian localities in the Penza Oblast (Russia) is published by Zvonok et al. (2025). ^[75]
• Jannello et al. (2025) study shell histology of marine turtles from the Eocene La Meseta and Submeseta formations (Antarctica), and report that histological variation of the studied sample of fossils exceeds its macromorphological variation. ^[76]
• Guerrero et al. (2025) describe and analyze the different types of bioerosion marks present in the shells of the pancheloniids Eochelone brabantica and Puppigerus camperi of the middle Eocene (Lutetian) of Belgium. ^[77]
• A caudal vertebra of a sea turtle interpreted as comparable in size with the type specimen of Archelon ischyros is described from the Cenomanian–Santonian strata from the Malyy Prolom locality (Ryazan Oblast, Russia) by Danilov et al. (2025). ^[78]
• Fossil material of cf. Caretta sp., representing the first fossil sea turtle reported from Taiwan, is described from the Pleistocene strata of the Yuching Shale by Liaw, Chuang & Tsai (2025). ^[79]
• A study on the anatomy and affinities of "Testudo" punica is published by Vlachos (2025), who interprets the studied tortoise as more likely related to members of the genera Titanochelon and Stigmochelys than to members of the genus Centrochelys . ^[80]
• Mohsen Muhammed et al. (2025) study the composition of the turtle assemblage from the Bahariya Formation (Egypt), providing evidence of presence of araripemydids (the first record of the family from the Late Cretaceous of North Africa), bothremydids and sea turtles. ^[81]
• Lehman et al. (2025) describe new fossil material of turtles from the Upper Cretaceous Aguja and Javelina formations (Texas), United States), including the first records of Denazinemys nodosa , Neurankylus baueri and Thescelus rapiens from the studied formations, as well as trionychids other than cf. Aspideretoides , likely kinosternoids and chelydrids. ^[82]
• A study on the composition of the turtle assemblage from the Upper Cretaceous Menefee Formation (New Mexico, United States) is published by Adrian, Smith & McDonald (2025), who describe fossil material extending known stratigraphic ranges of Neurankylus baueri, Scabremys ornata and the genera Thescelus and Basilemys . ^[83]

Archosauriformes

Archosaurs

Main article: 2025 in archosaur paleontology

Other archosauriforms

New miscellaneous archosauriform taxa

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Country	Notes	Images
Retymaijychampsa [84]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Müller	Triassic (Ladinian or Carnian)	Santa Maria Formation	Brazil	A member of the family Proterochampsidae. The type species is R. beckerorum.
Thuringopelta [85]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Sues & Schoch	Late Triassic (Carnian)	Stuttgart Formation	Germany	A member of the family Doswelliidae. The type species is T. werneburgi.

Archosauriform research

• Müller (2025) describes fossil material of a proterochampsid from the Middle Triassic strata from the Posto site (Pinheiros-Chiniquá Sequence; Brazil), possibly representing a previously undescribed species and expanding known diversity of Middle Triassic proterochampsids from South America. ^[86]
• Description of the anatomy of the skull of Tropidosuchus romeri is published by Mamami et al. (2025). ^[87]

Other reptiles

New miscellaneous reptile taxa

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Country	Notes	Images
Amenoyengi [88]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Jenkins et al.	Permian (Lopingian)	Madumabisa Mudstone Formation	Zambia	A member of the family Captorhinidae belonging to the subfamily Moradisaurinae. The type species is A. mpunduensis.
Akidostropheus [89]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Schubul, Marsh & Kligman	Late Triassic (Norian)	Chinle Formation	United States ( Arizona)	A tanystropheid archosauromorph. The type species is A. oligos.
Akkedops [90]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Mooney, Scott & Reisz	Late Permian	Endothiodon Assemblage Zone	South Africa	A stem-saurian. The type species is A. bremneri.
Kapes signus [91]	Sp. nov	Valid	Riccetto et al.	Middle Triassic (Anisian)		Spain	A procolophonid.
Manistropheus [92]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Ezcurra, Sues & Fröbisch	Permian (Wuchiapingian)	Werra Formation	Germany	An early-diverging member of Archosauromorpha. The type species is M. kulicki.
Marmoretta drescherae [93]	Sp. nov	Valid	Guillaume, Puértolas-Pascual & Moreno-Azanza	Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian)	Alcobaça Formation	Portugal	A lepidosauromorph.
Mirasaura [94]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Spiekman et al.	Middle Triassic (Anisian)	Grès à Voltzia Formation	France	A drepanosauromorphan. The type species is M. grauvogeli.
Sphenodraco [95]	Gen. et sp. nov		Beccari et al	Late Jurassic (Tithonian)	Solnhofen Limestone	Germany	A member of Rhynchocephalia. The type species is S. scandentis.
Yinshanosaurus [96]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Yi & Liu	Late Permian	Naobaogou Formation	China	A pareiasaur. The type species is Y. angustus.

Other reptile research

• Piñeiro et al. (2025) reevaluate purported evidence for the presence of tail autotomy in mesosaurs, and consider it more likely that purported evidence of autotomy actually shows that mesosaurs may display a previously undocumented vertebral type in their caudal vertebrae. ^[97]
• A redescription of the skull anatomy of Milleropsis pricei is published by Jenkins et al. (2025) based on μCT data. ^[98]
• A redescription of the skull anatomy of Milleretta rubidgei is published by Jenkins et al. (2025) based on μCT data. ^[99]
• Redescription of Permotriturus herrei , based on data from the holotype and from a new specimen from Tatarstan (Russia), is published by Bulanov (2025). ^[100]
• Smith et al. (2025) study the taphonomy of aggregations of skeletons of Procolophon trigoniceps from Brazil, South Africa and Antarctica, interpreted as indicating that the studied reptiles lived in environments switching from drought to deluge conditions in response to climatic instability, and interpret P. trigoniceps as a likely group-living, fossorial animal. ^[101]
• Boyarinova & Golubev (2025) study the morphology of osteoderms of late Permian pareiasaurs from Eastern Europe, and support the validity of the genus Proelginia . ^[102]
• Redescription and a study on the affinities of Thadeosaurus colcanapi is published by Buffa et al. (2025). ^[103]
• Evidence of adaptations for climbing in the skeleton of Marmoretta oxoniensis is presented by Ford et al. (2025). ^[104]
• New information on the anatomy of the skull of Protorosaurus speneri is provided by Schoch et al. (2025). ^[105]
• Dalle-Laste et al. (2025) report the discovery of two cervical vertebrae of a malerisaurine azendohsaurid from the Norian strata of the Candelária Sequence of the Santa Maria Supersequence (Brazil), representing the first record of an allokotosaurian from South America reported to date. ^[106]
• Colombi et al. (2025) report the discovery of an aggregation of four juvenile specimens of Hyperodapedon sanjuanensis from the Ischigualasto Formation (Argentina), interpreted as probable evidence of social and burrowing behavior of the studied rhynchosaur. ^[107]

Reptiles in general

• Long et al. (2025) describe tracks produced by an amniote (probably early member of Sauropsida) from the Carboniferous (Tournaisian) Snowy Plains Formation (Victoria, Australia), providing evidence that the crown group of Amniota is, at a minimum, only marginally younger than the Devonian/Carboniferous transition; the authors also describe amniote tracks from the Serpukhovian to Bashkirian Wałbrzych Formation (Poland), similar to tracks assigned to the ichnogenus Notalacerta that were likely produced by a sauropsid. ^[108]
• Flannery-Sutherland et al. (2025) study the biogeography of Permian and Triassic members of Archosauromorpha, and interpret the fossil record as consistent with European origin of the group in the Kungurian and widespread dispersals of its members beginning in the Wordian, but note the possibility of impact of sampling biases on estimates of the areas of origination of Archosauromorpha and its subgroups. ^[109]
• Wang et al. (2025) provide new age estimates from the strata of the Lower Triassic Nanlinghu Formation (China) preserving fossils of the Chaohu fauna, indicating that it is the oldest known marine reptile fauna with precise age constraints. ^[110]
• Review of the fossil record of Triassic-Jurassic reptiles from the Connecticut Valley (Connecticut and Massachusetts, United States) is published by Galton, Regalado Fernández & Farlow (2025), who consider Ammosaurus major to be a separate taxon from Anchisaurus polyzelus. ^[111]
• Fossil material of nothosauroids, indeterminate eosauropterygians and a member of the genus Macrocnemus is described from the Ladinian Sceltrich beds (Meride Limestone, Monte San Giorgio, Switzerland) by Renesto & Magnani (2025), providing evidence of similarity of reptile faunas from the Sceltrich beds and underlying Cassina beds. ^[112]
• Evidence from the study of the phosphate oxygen isotope composition of plesiosaur, ichthyosaur and metriorhynchid fossil material from the Middle and Upper Jurassic strata in France and Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous strata in Norway, interpret as consistent with homeothermy and endothermy in ichthyosaurs, poikilothermy and endothermy in plesiosaurs, and uncertain thermoregulation strategy resulting in poikilothermy in metriorhynchids, is presented by Séon et al. (2025). ^[113]
• White, Fischer & McCurry (2025) calculate the load-bearing capabilities of teeth of ichthyosaurs, sauropterygians, thalattosuchians and mosasaurids. ^[114]
• Marquina-Blasco et al. (2025) describe the assemblage of reptile fossils from the Miocene strata from the Crevillente 2 and Crevillente 15 sites (Spain), possibly including the oldest fossil material of a member of the genus Timon reported to date, and interpret the studied fossils as indicating that the Vallesian Crisis did not have a major impact on the herpetofaunal communities of the Iberian Peninsula. ^[115]
• Evidence from the study of extant reptiles, indicative of utility of studies of calcium and strontium isotope composition of hard tissues for reconstructions of diets of fossil reptiles, is presented by Weber et al. (2025). ^[116]

References

1. Woolley, C. Henrik; Sertich, Joseph J. W.; Melstrom, Keegan M.; Irmis, Randall B.; Smith, Nathan D. (2025-06-18). "New monstersaur specimens from the Kaiparowits Formation of Utah reveal unexpected richness of large-bodied lizards in Late Cretaceous North America". Royal Society Open Science . 12 (6). doi: 10.1098/rsos.250435 . ISSN   2054-5703.
2. Lemierre, A.; Georgalis, G. L. (2025). "Diversity in a greenhouse world: herpetofauna from the late Eocene (MP 17A) of La Bouffie, Quercy Phosphorites (Lot, SW France)". Swiss Journal of Palaeontology. 144 40. doi: 10.1186/s13358-025-00370-9 .
3. Wang, M.; Dong, L.; Yu, J.; Lou, F.; Qiu, W.; Han, F. (2025). "A new borioteiioid lizard with large caniniform tooth from the Upper Cretaceous of South China". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 23 (1). 2509637. doi:10.1080/14772019.2025.2509637.
4. Georgalis, G. L.; Mennecart, B. (2025). "Another wanderer from the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum? A new species of the North American snake genus Cheilophis Gilmore, 1938 from the early Eocene of France". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 24 (16): 317–331. doi: 10.5852/cr-palevol2025v24a16 .
5. Datta, D.; Bajpai, S. (2025). "Fossil snakes from the Eocene of India: new material with comments on phylogenetic relations and biogeographic and paleoecological implications". Journal of Paleontology: 1–27. doi:10.1017/jpa.2025.10101.
6. Bourque, J. R.; Stanley, E. L. (2025). "A tegu-like lizard (Teiidae, Tupinambinae) from the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum of the southeastern United States". Journal of Paleontology. 99 (1): 177–191. doi:10.1017/jpa.2024.89.
7. Xu, L.; Dong, L.; Gao, D.; Li, Y.; Wu, Y.; Chang, F.; Li, J.; Evans, S. (2025). "A new anguimorph lizard from the Upper Cretaceous of Henan Province, China". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 23 (1). 2470790. doi:10.1080/14772019.2025.2470790.
8. Wilenzik, I. V.; Pyron, R. A. (2025). "European origins of Squamata supported by biogeographic analysis of fossil-tip-dated phylogenies using paleocontinental plate-tectonic models". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 24 (9): 139–158. doi: 10.5852/cr-palevol2025v24a9 .
9. Yadav, R.; Verma, S. K. (2025). "First record of durophagous-type lizard teeth from the Deccan intertrappean beds (uppermost Cretaceous–Paleocene) of Kesavi in Madhya Pradesh, India". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. doi:10.1080/03115518.2025.2539832.
10. Čerňanský, A.; Tabuce, R.; Vidalenc, D. (2025). "The first evidence of iguanians and scincoids from the lower Eocene of the Cos locality (Phosphorites du Quercy, France)". Journal of Paleontology: 1–11. doi:10.1017/jpa.2025.10109.
11. Brownstein, C. D.; Domínguez-Guerrero, S. F.; Tufiño, J. D. L.; Muñoz, M. M.; Near, T. J. (2025). "Night lizards survived the Cretaceous–Palaeogene mass extinction near the asteroid impact". Biology Letters. 21 (6). 20250157. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2025.0157. PMC  12188324. PMID   40557454.
12. Jiang, J.; Bi, S.; Dai, R.; Dong, L. (2025). "Taxonomy and phylogeny of Polyglyphanodontia (Squamata): a comprehensive review". Acta Palaeontologica Sinica. 64 (1): 84–99. doi:10.19800/j.cnki.aps.2024035.
13. Santos, E. S.; Ribeiro, S. C.; Saraiva, A. Á. F.; Kellner, A. W. A.; Simões, T. R. (2025). "A neotype and reassessment of phylogenetic relationships of the fossil lizard Calanguban alamoi from the Crato Formation (Early Cretaceous, Brazil)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 23 (1). 2496536. doi:10.1080/14772019.2025.2496536.
14. Syromyatnikova, E. (2025). "Palaeogene records of Glyptosauridae (Squamata: Anguimorpha) from Kazakhstan and Mongolia". Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments. doi:10.1007/s12549-025-00660-7.
15. Čerňanský, A.; Patnaik, R. (2025). "The first cranial material of Varanus from the Miocene of India". The Anatomical Record. doi:10.1002/ar.25676. PMID   40297964.
16. López-Rueda, J. S.; Polcyn, M. J.; Lindgren, J.; Cruz-Guevara, L. E.; Rodríguez-Sañudo, A. S. (2025). "Mosasaur (Reptilia, Mosasauridae) remains from the Upper Cretaceous of Colombia, including the first occurrence of the genus Globidens". Cretaceous Research. 166 105997. Bibcode:2025CrRes.16605997L. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2024.105997.
17. Polcyn, M. J.; Robbins, J. A.; Schulp, A. S.; Lindgren, J.; Jacobs, L. L. (2025). "The Evolution of Mosasaurid Foraging Behavior Through the Lens of Stable Carbon Isotopes". Diversity. 17 (4). 291. doi: 10.3390/d17040291 .
18. Holwerda, F. M.; Mitchell, M. T.; van de Kerk, M.; Schulp, A. S. (2025). "Mosasaur Feeding Ecology from the Campanian Bearpaw Formation, Alberta, Canada: A Preliminary Multi-Proxy Approach". Diversity. 17 (3). 205. doi: 10.3390/d17030205 .
19. Bardet, N.; Fischer, V.; Jalil, N.-E.; Khaldoune, F.; Yazami, O. K.; Pereda-Suberbiola, X.; Longrich, N. (2025). "Mosasaurids Bare the Teeth: An Extraordinary Ecological Disparity in the Phosphates of Morocco Just Prior to the K/Pg Crisis". Diversity. 17 (2). 114. Bibcode:2025Diver..17..114B. doi: 10.3390/d17020114 .
20. Woolley, M. R.; Caldwell, M. W.; Rey, K.; Amiot, R.; Chinsamy, A. (2025). "A multi-method approach to deciphering the paleobiology of a mosasaur from South Africa". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 44 (6). e2486069. doi:10.1080/02724634.2025.2486069.
21. Grigoriev, D. V.; Arkhangelsky, M. S.; Zverkov, N. G.; Gubarev, D. I. (2025). "First record of a rare plioplatecarpine mosasaur Latoplatecarpus in Europe as further evidence of a semi-global Campanian marine vertebrate fauna". Cretaceous Research. 106102. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2025.106102.
22. Georgalis, G. L. (2025). "Revision of the enigmatic snake Plesiotortrix edwardsi Rochebrune, 1884 from the Phosphorites du Quercy, France". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 24 (4): 51–59. doi: 10.5852/cr-palevol2025v24a4 .
23. Čerňanský, A.; Georgalis, G. L.; Tabuce, R.; Vidalenc, D. (2025). "The first snake from the lower Eocene (MP 10-11) of the Cos locality, Phosphorites du Quercy, France". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 24 (5): 61–66. doi: 10.5852/cr-palevol2025v24a5 .
24. Venczel, M.; Codrea, V. A.; Solomon, A. A.; Fărcaș, C.; Bordeianu, M. (2025). "Late Eocene-early Oligocene snakes from the Transylvanian Basin (Romania)". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 24 (13): 229–240. doi: 10.5852/cr-palevol2025v24a13 .
25. Smith, K. T.; Bruch, A. A. (2025). "Persistent greenhouse conditions in Eocene North America point to lower climate sensitivity". Communications Earth & Environment. 6 352. doi: 10.1038/s43247-025-02288-z .
26. Massare, Judy A.; Edmunds, Murray; Morris, Robert J.; Poulton, Terence P.; En Pan, Shyong; Mallon, Jordan C. (June 2025). "The most complete Early Jurassic ichthyosaur from North America". Paludicola. 15 (2). Rochester Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology: 86–99.
27. Pratas e Sousa, J.; Morais Roldão, I.; Ríos, M.; Puertólas-Pascual, E. (2025). "A new ichthyosaur from the Lower Jurassic of Portugal (Iberian Peninsula)". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 70 (1): 179–192. doi: 10.4202/app.01199.2024 .
28. Zhao, B.; Zou, Y.; Li, J.; Chen, G.; Wan, S.; Yuan, J.; Wu, K. (2025). "早三叠世南漳湖北鳄(双孔亚纲:湖北鳄目)的头骨新材料及补充研究" [New cranial material and supplementary study on the Early Triassic Huphesuchus nanchangensis (Diapsida: Hupehsuchidae)]. Acta Geologica Sinica. 99 (2): 337–351. doi:10.19762/j.cnki.dizhixuebao.2023332.
29. Fang, Z.-C.; Li, J.-L.; Yan, C.-B.; Zou, Y.-R.; Tian, L.; Zhao, B.; Benton, M. J.; Cheng, L.; Lai, X.-L. (2023). "First filter feeding in the Early Triassic: cranial morphological convergence between Hupehsuchus and baleen whales". BMC Ecology and Evolution. 23 (1). 36. doi: 10.1186/s12862-023-02143-9 . PMC   10408079 . PMID   37550649.
30. Motani, R.; Pyenson, N. D.; Jiang, D. (2025). "Was Hupehsuchus a baleen whale-style filter feeder in the Early Triassic? A re-examination of the evidence". PeerJ. 13 e19666. doi: 10.7717/peerj.19666 .
31. Maisch, M. W. (2025). "Ichthyosaur ancestors – the case against a diapsid origin of ichthyosaurs revisited". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie – Abhandlungen. 314 (2): 197–227. doi:10.1127/njgpa/2025/1250.
32. Serafini, G.; Miedema, F.; Schweigert, G.; Maxwell, E. E. (2025). "Temnodontosaurus bromalites from the Lower Jurassic of Germany: hunting, digestive taphonomy and prey preferences in a macropredatory ichthyosaur". Papers in Palaeontology. 11 (3). e70018. doi: 10.1002/spp2.70018 .
33. Lindgren, Johan; Lomax, Dean R.; Szász, Robert-Zoltán; Marx, Miguel; Revstedt, Johan; Göltz, Georg; Sachs, Sven; De La Garza, Randolph G; Heingård, Miriam; Jarenmark, Martin; Ydström, Kristina; Sjövall, Peter; Osbæck, Frank; Hall, Stephen A.; Op de Beeck, Michiel; Eriksson, Mats E.; Alwmark, Carl; Marone, Federica; Liptak, Alexander; Atwood, Robert; Burca, Genoveva; Uvdal, Per; Persson, Per; Nilsson, Dan-Eric (2025). "Adaptations for stealth in the wing-like flippers of a large ichthyosaur". Nature. doi:10.1038/s41586-025-09271-w.
34. Pardo-Pérez, J. M.; Malkowski, M.; Zambrano, P.; Lomax, D. R.; Gascó Martín, C.; Kaluza, J.; Ortíz, H.; Pérez Marín, A.; Villa-Martínez, R.; Yurac, M.; Cáceres, M.; Zegers, A.; Delgado, J.; Scapini, F.; Astete, C.; Maxwell, E. E. (2025). "The first gravid ichthyosaur from the Hauterivian (Early Cretaceous): a complete Myobradypterygius hauthali von Huene, 1927 excavated from the border of the Tyndall Glacier, Torres del Paine National Park, southernmost Chile". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 44 (4). e2445705. doi:10.1080/02724634.2024.2445705.
35. Meyerkort, R. D.; Kear, B. P.; Everhart, M. J.; Siversson, M. (2025). "Youngest fossil occurrence of ichthyosaurs from the Southern Hemisphere". Cretaceous Research. 168 106071. Bibcode:2025CrRes.16806071M. doi: 10.1016/j.cretres.2024.106071 .
36. Klein, N.; Furrer, H.; Dojen, C.; Lukeneder, A.; Scheyer, T. M. (2025). "A new nothosaurid taxon from the Middle Triassic of Carinthia, Austria". Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences. 118 (1): 141–155. doi:10.17738/ajes.2025.0008.
37. Sachs, Sven; Madzia, Daniel (2025-08-04). "An unusual early-diverging plesiosauroid from the Lower Jurassic Posidonia Shale of Holzmaden, Germany". PeerJ . 13: e19665. doi: 10.7717/peerj.19665 . ISSN   2167-8359.
38. O'Keefe, F. Robin; Armour Smith, Elliott; Clark, Robert O.; Otero, Rodrigo A.; Perella, Anna; Trask, Patrick (2025-12-31). "A name for the Provincial Fossil of British Columbia: a strange new elasmosaur taxon from the Santonian of Vancouver Island". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology . 23 (1). doi:10.1080/14772019.2025.2489938. ISSN   1477-2019.
39. Su, C. X.; Gu, S.-L.; Jiang, D.-Y.; Motani, R.; Rieppel, O.; Tintori, A.; Zhou, M.; Sun, Z.-Y. (2025). "Two new specimens of Glyphoderma kangi (Placodontia, Sauropterygia, Reptilia) from the Middle Triassic of South China". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 44 (3). e2439530. doi:10.1080/02724634.2024.2439530.
40. Ruciński, M.; Campos, H.; Mateus, O.; Werneburg, I. (2025). "Novel record of placodont remains including a Henodus cranium from the Upper Triassic Silves Group of the Algarve, southern Portugal". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 44 (5). e2460445. doi: 10.1080/02724634.2025.2460445 .
41. Xu, J.; Guo, Y.; Ma, Y.; Wang, W.; Cheng, L.; Han, F. (2025). "New digital anatomical data of Keichousaurus hui (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) and its phylogenetic implication". PeerJ. 13 e19012. doi: 10.7717/peerj.19012 . PMC   11967422 .
42. Wang, Y.; Jiang, D.; Motani, R.; Yao, M.; Cheng, L.; Sun, Z.; Zhou, M. (2025). "Skeletal ossification of Middle Triassic pachypleurosaur Keichousaurus hui (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) revealed by zinc distribution". PeerJ. 13 e19475. doi: 10.7717/peerj.19475 .
43. Cabezuelo-Hernández, A.; de Miguel Chaves, C.; Ortega, F.; Pérez-García, A. (2025). "Pathological vertebrae in the holotype of Paludidraco multidentatus (Sauropterygia, Simosauridae) from the Upper Triassic of El Atance (Central Spain)". Fossil Record. 28 (1): 133–145. doi: 10.3897/fr.28.e148714 .
44. Marx, M.; Sjövall, P.; Kear, B. P.; Jarenmark, M.; Eriksson, M. E.; Sachs, S.; Nilkens, K.; Op De Beeck, M.; Lindgren, J. (2025). "Skin, scales, and cells in a Jurassic plesiosaur". Current Biology. 35 (5): 1113–1120.e3. Bibcode:2025CBio...35.1113M. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2025.01.001 . PMID   39919740.
45. Sachs, S.; Madzia, D.; Marx, M.; Roberts, A. J.; Hampe, O.; Kear, B. P. (2025). "The osteology, taxonomy, and phylogenetic placement of Seeleyosaurus guilelmiimperatoris (Plesiosauroidea, Microcleididae) from the Lower Jurassic Posidonia Shale of Germany". The Anatomical Record. doi:10.1002/ar.25620. PMID   39981975.
46. Marx, M.; Sachs, S.; Kear, B. P.; Eriksson, M. E.; Nilkens, K.; Lindgren, J. (2025). "A new specimen of Plesiopterys wildi reveals the diversification of cryptoclidian precursors and possible endemism within European Early Jurassic plesiosaur assemblages". PeerJ. 13 e18960. doi: 10.7717/peerj.18960 . PMC   11967415 .
47. Kinzella, Z. C.; Cotton, L. J.; Delsett, L. L. (2025). "New plesiosaur fossils from the Pliensbachian (Early Jurassic) of Bornholm, including the first juvenile specimen from Denmark". Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark. 74: 197–208. doi: 10.37570/bgsd-2025-74-10 .
48. Roberts, A. J.; Etches, S.; Horton, N.; Marshall, J. E. A.; Harding, I.; Rankin, K.; Gostling, N. J. (2025). "Description of new Kimmerosaurus langhami (Cryptoclididae, Plesiosauria) material recovered from the Kimmeridge Clay Formation, Dorset, U.K." Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology e2505520. doi: 10.1080/02724634.2025.2505520 .
49. Pereyra, M. E.; O'Gorman, J.; Chinsamy, A. (2025). "Osteohistology of the Maastrichtian, small-bodied elasmosaurid Kawanectes lafquenianum (Sauropterygia; Plesiosauria)". Journal of Anatomy. doi: 10.1111/joa.14273 .
50. O'Gorman, J.; O'Connor, P. M.; Roberts, E. M.; Lamanna, M. (2025). "An elasmosaurid plesiosaur with preserved skull material from the Upper Cretaceous Cape Lamb Member of the Snow Hill Island Formation, Vega Island, Antarctic Peninsula" . Ameghiniana. 62 (1): 80–99. doi:10.5710/AMGH.17.12.2024.3619.
51. Mitidieri, M.; Talevi, M.; Herrera, Y.; Rothschild, B.; Fernández, M. S. (2025). "From the inside: pathologies from a histological perspective of two elasmosaurids from the Upper Cretaceous of Antarctica and Argentina". Cretaceous Research 106208. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2025.106208.
52. Zverkov, N. G.; Meleshin, I. A. (2025). "Enigmatic large-toothed Campanian polycotylid plesiosaurs with specific dietary preferences and potentially wide distribution". Journal of Palaeogeography 100254. doi: 10.1016/j.jop.2024.11.007 .
53. Zverkov, N. G.; Grigoriev, D. V.; Nikiforov, A. V. (2025). "New polycotylid plesiosaur skeletons from the Upper Cretaceous of the Southern Urals provide additional diagnostic features of Polycotylus sopozkoi and demonstrate its variation". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology: 1–34. doi:10.1080/08912963.2025.2472161.
54. O'Gorman, J. P.; Aspromonte, F. R.; Matelo Mirco, G. (2025). "First record of lithophagy in Sulcusuchus erraini (Plesiosauria; Polycotylidae) with comments on the taphonomic and collect bias in gastroliths". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. doi:10.1080/08912963.2025.2548329.
55. Rollot, Y.; AbdelGawad, M. K.; Hamdan, M. A.; El-Barkooky, A. N.; Hassan, S. M.; Joyce, W. G. (2025). "Trionychian turtles from the Early Miocene (Burdigalian) Moghra Formation, Egypt, including a new species of Carettochelyidae". Swiss Journal of Palaeontology. 144 30. doi: 10.1186/s13358-025-00358-5 . PMC   12179016 . PMID   40547930.
56. Smith, H. F.; Adrian, B.; Kline, P. (2025). "A novel marine turtle (Pan-Chelonioidea: Ctenochelyidae) from the Maastrichtian Neylandville Marl Formation of north central Texas, U.S.A". Swiss Journal of Palaeontology. 144 23. doi: 10.1186/s13358-025-00363-8 .
57. Oriozabala, Carolina; de la Fuente, Marcelo S.; Holley, J. Alfredo; Sterli, Juliana (2025-03-05). "A new chelid turtle (Testudines, Pleurodira) from the Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina" . Papers in Palaeontology . 11 (2): e70006. doi:10.1002/spp2.70006. ISSN   2056-2802.
58. Agnolín, F. L.; Chimento, N. R. (2025). "A giant among giants: a new land tortoise from the Pleistocene of the Argentine Pampas". Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia. 131 (2): 241–259. doi: 10.54103/2039-4942/27229 .
59. de Lapparent de Broin, F.; Marek, H.; Barrier, P.; Gagnaison, C. (2025). "Euclastidae n. fam. (Chelonioidea) et première mention d'Euclastes Cope, 1867 dans le Paléocène du bassin de Paris (France)". Geodiversitas. 47 (10): 409–464. doi:10.5252/geodiversitas2025v47a10.
60. Alhalabi, W. A.; Martucci Neto, D. J.; Ferreira, G. S.; Bou Jaoude, I.; Naser, H. M.; Ayoub, J.; Abboud, L.; Shati, R.; Koutsoukos, E. A. M.; Langer, M. C. (2025). "Recovering lost time in Syria: a new Eocene stereogenyin turtle from the Aleppo Plateau". Papers in Palaeontology. 11 (4) e70026. doi:10.1002/spp2.70026.
61. Lyson, Tyler R.; Petermann, Holger; Bastien, Salvador; Toth, Natalie; Tamez-Galvan, Evan; Sherman, Sadie M.; Joyce, Walter G. (2025-08-05). "A new pan-chelydrid turtle, Tavachelydra stevensoni gen. et sp. nov., from the lower Paleocene (early Danian, Puercan) Corral Bluffs Study Area in the Denver Basin, Colorado". Swiss Journal of Palaeontology . 144 (1). doi: 10.1186/s13358-025-00375-4 . ISSN   1664-2376.
62. Szczygielski, Tomasz; Dróżdż, Dawid; Chanthasit, Phornphen; Manitkoon, Sita; Ditbanjong, Pitaksit (2025-03-19). "The Triassic turtle of Thailand – revision of 'Proganochelys' ruchae". PLOS ONE. 20 (3): e0316338. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0316338 . ISSN   1932-6203. PMID   40106758.
63. White, A. W.; Gillespie, A. K.; Hand, S. J. (2025). "Wabanbara ringtailensis—a new chelid turtle (Pleurodira: Chelidae) from mid-Miocene deposits of the Riversleigh World Heritage Area in Australia". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology: 1–16. doi:10.1080/03115518.2025.2477464.
64. Karl, H.-V.; Tichy, G.; Safi, A. (2025). "New insight into the paleobiology and systematics of the Mesozoic turtles of Central Europe (Chelonipus triunguis Karl & Tichy, 2000; Priscochelys hegnabrunnensis Karl, 2005) and their morphological relationship with the toothed turtle (Odontochelys semitestacea Li et al., 2008) of china". Mesozoic. 2 (2): 143–154. doi: 10.11646/mesozoic.2.2.4 .
65. Pérez-García, A.; Espílez, E.; Mampel, L.; Cobos, A. (2025). "New information on the anatomy and paleobiogeographic and stratigraphic distributions of the British basal turtle Plastremys lata (Helochelydridae) based on its most complete skeleton (lower Albian, Spain)". Cretaceous Research. 176 106179. doi: 10.1016/j.cretres.2025.106179 .
66. Guerrero, A.; Cobos, A.; Pérez-García, A. (2025). "First study of a shell pathology in the lineage of basal turtles Helochelydridae". Swiss Journal of Palaeontology. 144 49. doi: 10.1186/s13358-025-00386-1 .
67. Neto, D. J. M.; Hsiou, A. S.; Guilherme, E.; Costa, L. A. T.; Ferreira, G. S. (2025). "Concealed morphological diversity revealed by new fossils of Chelus (Testudines, Chelidae) from the Upper Miocene of the Acre Basin, Brazil". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 155 105408. Bibcode:2025JSAES.15505408M. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105408.
68. de la Fuente, M. S.; Luna, C. A.; Zurita, A. E.; Galli, C. I.; Quiñones, S. I.; Robledo, J. M.; Candela, A. M.; Landa Ramírez, E. M.; González Ruiz, P.; Alonso, R. N. (2025). "Phrynops Wagler, 1830 (Testudines, Chelidae) in the Late Miocene of Palo Pintado Formation, Salta province, Argentina, with comments on taxonomy and paleoenvironmental settings". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 160 105530. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105530.
69. Pérez-García, A. (2025). "A taxonomic revision of the Cenomanian bothremydid turtle Algorachelus parva from Israel and morphological variation within its genus". Palaeontologia Electronica. 28 (1). 28.1.a2. doi: 10.26879/1398 .
70. Martín-Jiménez, M.; Pérez-García, A. (2025). "The first neuroanatomical study of a marine pleurodire (the large Paleocene bothremydid Azzabaremys moragjonesi) reveals convergences with other clades of pelagic turtles". Fossil Record. 28 (1): 1–15. Bibcode:2025FossR..28....1M. doi: 10.3897/fr.28.e130418 .
71. Tong, H.; Buffetaut, E.; Claude, J. (2025). "Skull morphology of Foxemys (Testudines: Pleurodira: Bothremydidae) from the Upper Cretaceous of Massecaps, Cruzy, southern France". Historical Biology: 1–7. doi:10.1080/08912963.2025.2478209.
72. Ke, Y.; Shi, Z.; Tong, H.; Li, B.; Zhang, Y.; Han, F.; Joyce, W. G. (2025). "Taxonomy, morphology, and phylogeny of a nearly complete nanhsiungchelyid specimen from the Upper Cretaceous of the Nanxiong Basin, China". Swiss Journal of Palaeontology. 144 48. doi: 10.1186/s13358-025-00385-2 .
73. Ong, N.; Snively, E.; Woodward, H. N. (2025). "Paleohistology of Cretaceous-Paleogene pan-trionychian turtle shells". Journal of Anatomy. doi:10.1111/joa.14272. PMID   40342183.
74. Joyce, W. G. (2025). "Overcoming polymorphism: a revised list of shell characters for the phylogenetic analysis of soft-shelled turtles (Pan-Trionychidae)". Swiss Journal of Palaeontology. 144 25. doi: 10.1186/s13358-025-00360-x . PMC   12125158 . PMID   40453227.
75. Zvonok, E. A.; Arkhangelsky, M. S.; Glazunov, Yu. A.; Glazunov, V. A.; Glushkov, A. S.; Danilov, I. G. (2025). "Sea Turtles from the Upper Cretaceous of the Penza Oblast (Russia)". Paleontological Journal. 59 (2): 191–201. doi:10.1134/S0031030125600106.
76. Jannello, J. M.; Bona, P.; Santillana, S. N.; Reguero, M. A. (2025). "First comparative paleohistological study of Eocene Antarctic turtle shell bones". Ameghiniana. 62 (1): 45–68. doi:10.5710/AMGH.22.01.2025.3614.
77. Guerrero, A.; Smith, T.; Pérez-García, A. (2025). "Bioerosional marks in the shells of two sea turtle taxa from the middle Eocene of Belgium". Fossil Record. 28 (1): 45–56. Bibcode:2025FossR..28...45G. doi: 10.3897/fr.28.e141743 .
78. Danilov, I. G.; Evsyutkin, A. P.; Grigoriev, D. V.; Zvonok, E. A. (2025). "A Caudal Vertebra of a Giant Sea Turtle (Testudines: Chelonioidea) from the Upper Cretaceous Deposits of the Malyy Prolom Locality (Ryazan Region, Russia)". Paleontological Journal. 59 (1): 79–86. doi:10.1134/S0031030124601531.
79. Liaw, Y.-Y.; Chuang, C.-K.; Tsai, C.-H. (2025). "The first fossil loggerhead sea turtle (Cheloniidae: Caretta) from the North Pacific and its nannofossil biostratigraphy". Swiss Journal of Palaeontology. 144 42. doi: 10.1186/s13358-025-00392-3 .
80. Vlachos, E. (2025). "The affinities of the extinct giant tortoise "Testudo" punica from the Pliocene of Tunisia with the genus Titanochelon". Annales de Paléontologie. 111 (2) 102754. doi:10.1016/j.annpal.2025.102754.
81. Mohsen Muhammed, A.; AbdelGawad, M. K.; Hirayama, R.; Sileem, A.; Aly, M. F. (2025). "New materials on the late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) turtles' assemblages from Bahariya Depression, Western Desert, Egypt". Journal of African Earth Sciences 105786. doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2025.105786.
82. Lehman, T. M.; Tomlinson, S. L.; Shiller, T. A.; Wick, S. L. (2025). "Turtles of the Aguja and Javelina Formations, Upper Cretaceous (Campanian – Maastrichtian), West Texas". Cretaceous Research. 174 106145. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2025.106145.
83. Adrian, B.; Smith, H. F.; McDonald, A. T. (2025). "A revised turtle assemblage from the Upper Cretaceous Menefee Formation (New Mexico, North America) with evolutionary and paleobiostratigraphic implications". PeerJ. 13 e19340. doi: 10.7717/peerj.19340 . PMC   12032963 . PMID   40292105.
84. Müller, R. T. (2025). "A new proterochampsid archosauriform from the Middle–Upper Triassic of Southern Brazil". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 70 (1): 7–16. doi: 10.4202/app.01204.2024 .
85. Sues, H.-D.; Schoch, R. R. (2025). "A doswelliid archosauriform from the Upper Triassic (Carnian) Stuttgart Formation of Thuringia (Germany)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 44 (4). e2455949. doi:10.1080/02724634.2025.2455949.
86. Müller, R. T. (2025). "New proterochampsid remains from the Middle Triassic of Brazil enhance the group's diversity during its origins". The Science of Nature. 112 (2) 28. doi:10.1007/s00114-025-01981-5. PMID   40126648.
87. Mamani, C. A.; Trotteyn, M. J.; Novas, F. E.; Desojo, J. B.; Ezcurra, M. D. (2025). "Osteology of the skull of Tropidosuchus romeri (Archosauriformes: Proterochampsidae)". Royal Society Open Science. 12 (6). 250248. doi: 10.1098/rsos.250248 .
88. Jenkins, Xavier A.; Browning, Claire; Choiniere, Jonah; Peecook, Brandon R. (2025-08-07). "A new moradisaurine captorhinid from the Upper Permian (Lopingian) upper Madumabisa Mudstone Formation (Luangwa Basin) of Zambia". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology . 45 (sup1). doi:10.1080/02724634.2024.2427529. ISSN   0272-4634.
89. Schubul, Alaska N.; Marsh, Adam D.; Kligman, Ben T. (2025-08-01). "A diverse assemblage of tanystropheid archosauromorphs from the continental interior of Late Triassic Pangea includes a new taxon (Akidostropheus oligos gen. et sp. nov.)". Palaeodiversity. 18 (1). doi:10.18476/pale.v18.a5. ISSN   1867-6294.
90. Mooney, E. D.; Scott, D.; Reisz, R. R. (2025). "A new stem saurian reptile from the late Permian of South Africa and insights into saurian evolution". Swiss Journal of Palaeontology. 144 (1). 10. doi: 10.1186/s13358-025-00351-y . PMC   11865139 . PMID   40027993.
91. Riccetto, M.; Mujal, E.; Bolet, A.; De Jaime-Soguero, C.; De Esteban-Trivigno, S.; Fortuny, J. (2025). "Tooth morphotypes shed light on the paleobiodiversity of Middle Triassic terrestrial vertebrate ecosystems from NE Iberian Peninsula (southwestern Europe)". Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia. 131 (1): 39–62. Bibcode:2025RIPS..13122340R. doi: 10.54103/2039-4942/22340 .
92. Ezcurra, M. D.; Sues, H.-D.; Fröbisch, J. (2025). "A new late Permian archosauromorph reptile from Germany enhances our understanding of the early diversity of the clade". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 23 (1). 2509639. doi: 10.1080/14772019.2025.2509639 .
93. Guillaume, A. R. D.; Puértolas-Pascual, E.; Moreno-Azanza, M. (2025). "Revisiting the choristodere and stem-lepidosaur specimens of the Guimarota Beds (Kimmeridgian, Portugal): taxonomic implications". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 70 (1): 77–96. doi: 10.4202/app.01202.2024 .
94. Spiekman, Stephan N. F.; Foth, Christian; Rossi, Valentina; Gascó Martín, Cristina; Slater, Tiffany S.; Bath Enright, Orla G.; Dollman, Kathleen N.; Serafini, Giovanni; Seegis, Dieter; Grauvogel-Stamm, Léa; McNamara, Maria E.; Sues, Hans-Dieter; Schoch, Rainer R. (2025-07-23). "Triassic diapsid shows early diversification of skin appendages in reptiles". Nature. 643 (8074): 1297–1303. doi:10.1038/s41586-025-09167-9. ISSN   1476-4687.
95. Beccari, Victor; Guillaume, Alexandre R D; Jones, Marc E H; Villa, Andrea; Cooper, Natalie; Regnault, Sophie; Rauhut, Oliver W M (2025-07-01). "An arboreal rhynchocephalian from the Late Jurassic of Germany, and the importance of the appendicular skeleton for ecomorphology in lepidosaurs". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 204 (3): zlaf073. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf073. ISSN   0024-4082.
96. Yi, Jian; Liu, Jun (2025-06-04). "The tetrapod fauna of the upper Permian Naobaogou Formation of China: a new mid-sized pareiasaur Yinshanosaurus angustus and its implications for the phylogenetic relationships of pareiasaurs". Papers in Palaeontology . 11 (3). doi:10.1002/spp2.70020. ISSN   2056-2799.
97. Piñeiro, G.; Ferigolo, J.; Farias, B. D. M.; Núñez Demarco, P.; Laurin, M. (2025). "Caudal autotomy in Mesosaurus tenuidens Gervais, 1865 under scrutiny and a surprising new pattern of vertebral organization in the mesosaur tail" . Geodiversitas. 47 (2): 17–38. doi:10.5252/geodiversitas2025v47a2.
98. Jenkins, X. A.; Benson, R. B. J.; Ford, D. P.; Browning, C.; Fernandez, V.; Griffiths, E.; Choiniere, J.; Peecook, B. R. (2025). "Cranial osteology and neuroanatomy of the late Permian reptile Milleropsis pricei and implications for early reptile evolution". Royal Society Open Science. 12 (1). 241298. Bibcode:2025RSOS...1241298J. doi: 10.1098/rsos.241298 . PMC   11707879 . PMID   39780968.
99. Jenkins, Xavier A; Benson, Roger B J; Elliott, Maya; Jeppson, Gabriel; Dollman, Kathleen; Fernandez, Vincent; Browning, Claire; Ford, David P; Choiniere, Jonah; Peecook, Brandon R (2025-03-03). "New information on the anatomically derived millerettid Milleretta rubidgei from the latest Permian based on μCT data". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society . 203 (3): zlaf004. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf004. ISSN   0024-4082.
100. Bulanov, V. V. (2025). "Towards a Revision of the Middle Permian Bolosaurids (Tetrapoda, Bolosaurida) of Eastern Europe". Paleontological Journal. 59 (1): 67–78. doi:10.1134/S003103012460152X.
101. Smith, R. M. H.; Wolvaardt, F. P.; Cisneros, J. C.; Pinheiro, F. L.; Bevitt, J. J.; Benoit, J. (2025). "Skeletal accumulations of the parareptile Procolophon trigoniceps reflect fossorial response to early Triassic climatic instability across southern Gondwana". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 672 112978. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2025.112978.
102. Boyarinova, E. I.; Golubev, V. K. (2025). "Postcranial osteoderms of Late Permian pareiasaurs from Eastern Europe. II. Genera Deltavjatia, Proelginia, Senectosaurus, Scutosaurus, and Obirkovia". Paleontological Journal. 59 (3): 319–336. doi:10.1134/S003103012560026X.
103. Buffa, V.; Jalil, N.-E.; Falconnet, J.; Vincent, P. (2025). "The neodiapsid Thadeosaurus colcanapi from the upper Permian of Madagascar". Papers in Palaeontology. 11 (2). e70008. doi: 10.1002/spp2.70008 .
104. Ford, D. P.; Benson, R. B. J.; Griffiths, E. F.; Evans, S. E. (2025). "Evidence for clinging arboreality in a Middle Jurassic stem lepidosaur". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 292 (2045). 20250080. doi:10.1098/rspb.2025.0080. PMC  12001074. PMID   40237078.
105. Schoch, R. R.; Sues, H.-D.; Sobral, G.; Kurz, C.; Gottmann-Quesada, A.; Spiekman, S. N. F. (2025). "New data on the skull of Protorosaurus speneri (Reptilia: Archosauromorpha) and their phylogenetic significance". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 23 (1). 2496744. doi:10.1080/14772019.2025.2496744.
106. Dalle-Laste, V. Z.; Garcia, M. S.; Aureliano, T.; Ghilardi, A. M.; Kerber, L.; Müller, R. T. (2025). "The first allokotosaurian from South America and the Gondwanan radiation of non-archosauriform archosauromorphs". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 204 (4) zlaf098. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf098.
107. Colombi, C. E.; Martinez, R. N.; Alcober, O. A.; Díaz, M.; Drovandi, J. M.; Alarcón, C. M. (2025). "First evidence of aggregational behaviour by the archosauromorph Hyperodapedon sanjuanensis from the Upper Triassic Ischigualasto Formation, Argentina: Evidence for burrow habitats?". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 662 112742. Bibcode:2025PPP...66212742C. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2025.112742.
108. Long, J. A.; Niedźwiedzki, G.; Garvey, J.; Clement, A. M.; Camens, A. B.; Eury, C. A.; Eason, J.; Ahlberg, P. E. (2025). "Earliest amniote tracks recalibrate the timeline of tetrapod evolution". Nature. 641 (8065): 1193–1200. doi: 10.1038/s41586-025-08884-5 . PMC   12119326 . PMID   40369062.
109. Flannery-Sutherland, J. T.; Elsler, A.; Farnsworth, A.; Lunt, D. J.; Benton, M. J. (2025). "Landscape-explicit phylogeography illuminates the ecographic radiation of early archosauromorph reptiles". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 9 (7): 1138–1152. doi: 10.1038/s41559-025-02739-y .
110. Wang, Y.-N.; Jiang, D.-Y.; Motani, R.; Yao, M.-T.; Zhou, M.; Sun, Z.-Y.; Huang, J.-D.; Ma, Z.-L. (2025). "Dating of Early Triassic Chaohu Fauna by precise U-Pb age constraints: Temporal calibration of the emergence and first radiation of Mesozoic marine reptiles". Palaeoworld 200963. doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200963.
111. Galton, P. M.; Regalado Fernández, O. R.; Farlow, J. O. (2025). "Bones of dinosaurs and other reptiles from the Triassic-Jurassic of the Connecticut Valley: Over 200 years of published history". Revue de Paléobiologie, Genève. 44 (2): 1–45.
112. Renesto, S.; Magnani, E. (2025). "Tetrapod remains from the Ladinian (Middle Triassic) Sceltrich beds of Monte San Giorgio UNESCO site". Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia. 131 (1): 201–212. doi: 10.54103/2039-4942/27087 .
113. Séon, N.; Vincent, P.; Delsett, L. L.; Poulallion, E.; Suan, G.; Lécuyer, C.; Roberts, A. J.; Fourel, F.; Charbonnier, S.; Amiot, R. (2025). "Reassessment of body temperature and thermoregulation strategies in Mesozoic marine reptiles". Paleobiology: 1–21. doi: 10.1017/pab.2025.2 .
114. White, J. M.; Fischer, V.; McCurry, M. R. (2025). "Measuring the load-bearing capacity of Mesozoic marine reptile teeth using Finite Element Analysis". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology e2530718. doi: 10.1080/02724634.2025.2530718 .
115. Marquina-Blasco, R.; Morales-Flores, D.; Bartolomé-Bombín, Á. D.; Montoya, P. (2025). "Herpetofaunal remains (Anura, Crocodylia, Testudines, Squamata) from the Late Miocene of the Crevillente Area (SE Spain): palaeobiogeographical and palaeoecological implications". Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia. 131 (1): 85–115. Bibcode:2025RIPS..13122382M. doi: 10.54103/2039-4942/22382 .
116. Weber, M.; Weber, K.; Winkler, D. E.; Tütken, T. (2025). "Calcium and strontium isotopes in extant diapsid reptiles reflect dietary tendencies—a reference frame for diet reconstructions in the fossil record". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 292 (2038). 20242002. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2024.2002 . PMC   11706660 . PMID   39772958.