Euarchontoglires
Primates
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Country | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sp. nov | Marivaux in Marivaux et al. | Eocene | A member of the family Azibiidae. | |||||
Sp. nov | Marivaux in Marivaux et al. | Eocene | A member of the family Azibiidae. | |||||
Gen. et sp. nov | Marivaux in Marivaux et al. | Eocene | A possible member of the family Djebelemuridae. The type species is L. anchomomyinopsis. | |||||
Primate research
- Avaria-Llautureo et al. (2025) interpret the areas of northern continents with variable but nontropical climates as the most likely ancestral locations for the crown group of primates, which only colonized tropical areas later in their evolutionary history. [26]
- Evidence from the study of brain endocasts of extant and extinct mammals, indicative of cortical expansion in the areas of the brain involved in producing cognitive functions that began early on during the primate evolution, is presented by Melchionna et al. (2025), who argue that selection for complex cognition likely drove the evolution of primate brains. [27]
- Lang et al. (2025) study the size of the olfactory bulbs in extant and fossil members of Euarchontoglires, and report evidence of a reduction of the olfactory bulb size at the base of the primate crown group, as well as subsequent reductions in different primate groups. [28]
- Evidence from the study of size of brain and its components in extant primates and Oligocene and Miocene simians, interpreted as indicative of convergent brain enlargement in multiple simian lineages and of shifts in brain proportions before brain enlargement in simians, is presented by Kay et al. (2025). [29]
- Evidence from the study of extant and fossil primates, providing evidence of a significant association between brain size and manual dexterity throughout the evolutionary history of primates, is presented by Baker, Barton & Venditti (2025). [30]
- Kirk et al. (2025) describe a primate frontal bone from the Eocene Devil's Graveyard Formation (Texas, United States), with similarities to the frontal bone of Rooneyia viejaensis , and interpret its anatomy as indicating that both the studied specimen and Rooneyia as more likely to be stem haplorhines than stem simians. [31]
- Evidence from the study of the anatomy of manubria and sternebrae of extant and fossil simians, indicating that the anatomy of the sternum can provide information on the form of the thorax and the positional repertoire of the clavicles in fossil simians, is presented by Middleton, Alwell & Ward (2025). [32]
- Novo et al. (2025) study the phylogenetic affinities of Soriacebus and Mazzonicebus , and interpret them as more likely to be pitheciines than stem-platyrrhines. [33]
- Perry et al. (2025) describe new fossil material of Homunculus patagonicus from the Miocene Santa Cruz Formation (Argentina), provide new body mass estimates for the studied species, and interpret H. patagonicus as an arboreal primate with a mixed diet of fruits and leaves. [34]
- A study on tooth wear and probable diets of Miocene and Pliocene Old World monkeys from the Turkana Basin (Kenya) is published by Fehringer et al. (2025). [35]
- Brasil et al. (2025) revise the species-level taxonomy of South African Parapapio , and argue that the available evidence does not support assignment of the studied fossil material to more than one species. [36]
- A study on the ulnar morphology of Pliobates cataloniae , providing evidence of an extensive range of movement in the forearm, is published by Raventós-Izard et al. (2025). [37]
- Description of the anatomy of the skull and teeth of Laccopithecus robustus and a study on its affinities is published by Harrison (2025). [38]
- Beaudet et al. (2025) study the morphology of the atlas of Otavipithecus namibiensis and Nacholapithecus kerioi , and report evidence of similarities with the vertebrae of baboons, gibbons and members of the genus Pan , with Otavipithecus similar in particular to Pan in the overall morphology of the atlas. [39]
- Kithinji, Kikuchi & Nakatsukasa (2025) describe a catarrhine talus from the Miocene strata from the Nachola site (Kenya), likely belonging to a member of the genus Nyanzapithecus , and interpret its anatomy as indicating that Nyanzapithecus was less agile while walking and running in the trees than extant Old World monkeys of similar size. [40]
- Pugh, Strain & Gilbert (2025) study the anatomy of teeth of Samburupithecus kiptalami and interpret it as a late-occurring African member of the family Oreopithecidae. [41]
- A study on the morphology of the lumbar vertebrae of Ekembo nyanzae , Morotopithecus bishopi and Pierolapithecus catalaunicus , and on its implications for the knowledge of the locomotion of the studied apes, is published by Williams et al. (2025). [42]
- Revision of the fossil material and species differences of members of the genus Ekembo is published by McNulty, Begun & Kelley (2025). [43]
- A study on the morphology and affinities of Kapi ramnagarensis is published by Gilbert et al. (2025), who interpret the studied primate as a stem-hylobatid. [44]
- Radović et al. (2025) describe a molar of an indeterminate member of Graecopithecini from the vicinity of Veles, representing the first late Miocene hominid reported from North Macedonia. [45]
- A study on the tooth wear of Lufengpithecus lufengensis , providing evidence of a diet that included tough foods such as leaves, is published by Fan et al. (2025). [46]
- Evidence from the study of faciodental remains of pongines from northern Vietnam, interpreted as consistent with the presence of two large and two small species of orangutans during the Late Pleistocene, is presented by Cameron et al. (2025); [47] in a subsequent study the same authors revise the diversity of the Middle and Late Pleistocene pongines from northern Vietnam on the basis of variability of post-canine teeth, recognize two new species of Pongo from the Late Pleistocene of Làng Tráng and Kéo Lèng caves, and reclassify "Pongo" hooijeri and "Pongo pygmaeus" kahlkei as species belonging to the genus Langsonia , interpreted as a primitive member of the Ponginae. [48]
General paleoanthropology
- Sekhavati, Prang & Strait (2025) study the evolution of foot morphology in early hominins, and interpret their findings as supporting the hypothesis of a Pan -like chimpanzee–human last common ancestor. [49]
- Lawrence, Hammond & Ward (2025) compare the orientation of the acetabulum in fossil hominins and extant primates, reporting evidence of humanlike condition in early Australopithecus. [50]
- Evidence from the study of nitrogen and carbonate carbon isotope composition of tooth enamel of Australopithecus from the Sterkfontein Member 4 (South Africa), interpreted as indicating that the studied specimens had a plant-based diet and did not regularly eat mammalian meat, is presented by Lüdecke et al. (2025). [51]
- Madupe et al. (2025) provide evidence of protein preservation in tooth enamel of the Australopithecus africanus specimen Sts 63 from Sterkfontein Member 4, and identify the studied individual as a male. [52]
- Evidence from the study of internal bone structure of phalanx bones of Australopithecus sediba and Homo naledi , interpreted as indicative of different dexterous abilities and climbing strategies of the studied hominins, is presented by Syeda et al. (2025). [53]
- A study on the surface organization of the endocast of the Taung Child is published by Hurst et al. (2025). [54]
- Evidence of morphological variation among maxillae of specimens of Australopithecus afarensis from Hadar (Ethiopia), possibly linked to sexual dimorphism, is presented by Hanegraef & Spoor (2025). [55]
- A study on curvature of occipital condyles of Australopithecus afarensis and extant hominins, providing evidence that A. afarensis was Pan-like in condylar morphology and development, is published by Grider-Potter et al. (2025). [56]
- Evidence from the study of clavicles of Australopithecus afarensis, interpreted as consistent with continued arboreal behavior throughout life of the studied hominin, is presented by Farrell & Alemseged (2025). [57]
- Hanegraef, David & Spoor (2025) determine the range of variation of size and shape of dental arcades of Australopithecus afarensis, and argue that their findings can be used to assess whether other Plio-Pleistocene hominin specimens fall within the range of variation of A. afarensis, helping with their taxonomic interpretations. [58]
- New fossil material of Australopithecus afarensis, providing new information on the morphological variation of members of this species, is described from the Upper Laetolil Beds (Tanzania) by Harrison, Rein & Kwekason (2025). [59]
- Evidence of more significant sexual dimorphism in Australopithecus afarensis and A. africanus compared to chimpanzees and modern humans is presented by Gordon (2025). [60]
- A study on the inner structural morphology of teeth of Australopithecus sediba, providing evidence of closer similarity to teeth of other members of the genus Australopithecus than to teeth of early members of the genus Homo, is published by Davies (2025). [61]
- Zanolli et al. (2025) study the anatomy and affinities of the Pleistocene hominin mandible SK 15 from Swartkrans Member 2, South Africa (the holotype of Telanthropus capensis ), and interpret this specimen as belonging to a previously unrecognized species of Paranthropus , P. capensis. [62]
- A study on the morphology of the oval window in Paranthropus robustus , interpreted as spanning the ape-human spectrum, is published by Fernandez & Braga (2025). [63]
- Fossil material of a young adult hominin specimen, including a complete tibia and a nearly complete femur articulating with a partial hip bone, is described from the Hanging Remnant of the Swartkrans Formation (South Africa) by Pickering et al. (2025), who assign the studied individual to the species Paranthropus robustus. [64]
- Madupe et al. (2025) identify sex of four specimens of Paranthropus robustus on the basis of their enamel peptides, and report probable evidence of existence of distinct subgroups within this species. [65]
- Sillen, Dean & Balter (2025) reconstruct life histories of individuals of Paranthropus robustus from Swartkrans and Kromdraai (South Africa) on the basis of the analysis of strontium isotope composition of their teeth, and report evidence of exploitation of both savanna and riparian woodlands, as well as evidence of dispersal and lifelong local residence of different individuals. [66]
- Evidence from the study of paleosols from the hominin and archaeological sites from the Gona Paleoanthropological Project area (Ethiopia) ranging from the Oldowan to the Late Stone Age, interpreted as indicative of reliance of hominins on riverine ecosystem edge and gallery forest resources throughout their evolutionary history, is presented by Stinchcomb, Rogers & Semaw (2025). [67]
- Williams et al. (2025) interpret early members of the genus Homo and, after the emergence of the Acheulean, Paranthropus boisei as the most likely makers of the Oldowan tools. [68]
- Evidence from the study of Oldowan tools from the Nyayanga site (Kenya), indicating that hominins living at least 2.6 million years ago produced the studied tools from nonlocal stones transported over long distances, is presented by Finestone et al. (2025). [69]
- Villmoare et al. (2025) describe new fossil material of members of the genera Australopithecus and Homo from the Ledi-Geraru Research Project area (Ethiopia), providing evidence of coexistence of members of the two genera in the Afar Region before 2.5 million years ago. [70]
- Fannin et al. (2025) report evidence of behavioral shifts of early members of the genus Homo after 2.3 million years ago involving avoidance of C4 plants and ingestion of 18O-depleted waters, possibly related to shift towards consumption of plant underground storage organs such as tubers, and report evidence indicating that these behavioral shifts preceded changes in tooth morphology. [71]
- Coil (2025) proposes that the expansion of hominins out of Africa was facilitated by rich Eurasian carnivore community that created multiple scavenging opportunities for early hominins, and reports evidence that sustained hominin presence in Eurasia was followed by decrease in carnivore richness at the end of the Early Pleistocene. [72]
- Curran et al. (2025) describe cut-marked bones interpreted as evidence of presence of hominins at the Grăunceanu site (Romania) at least 1.95 milion years ago. [73]
- Evidence of systematic production of technologically and morphologically standardized bone tools by hominins living 1.5 million years ago is reported from Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania) by de la Torre et al. (2025). [74]
- A study on facial features of infants of early members of the genus Homo from the Lower Omo Valley (Ethiopia), Drimolen and Kromdraai (South Africa), providing evidence of presence of diagnostic facial features in the studied individuals from South Africa, is published by Braga & Moggi-Cecchi (2025). [75]
- Evidence indicating that Homo habilis , unlike most australopiths but like modern humans, was not adapted to bite forcefully on its molar teeth is presented by Ledogar et al. (2025). [76]
- Pietrobelli et al. (2025) study the anatomy of fibular ends of Homo floresiensis , interpreted as indicative of presence of a versatile ankle joint consistent with a locomotor repertoire including obligate bipedalism as well as climbing. [77]
- Hakim et al. (2025) report the discovery of stone artifacts from fossiliferous layers from the Calio site (Sulawesi, Indonesia) that are at least 1.04 million years old and possibly up to 1.48 million years old, providing evidence that hominins colonized Sulawesi as early as (or earlier than) Flores. [78]
- Chapman et al. (2025) reconstruct the skeleton of the leg of Homo naledi, and interpret its anatomy as casting doubt on the capabilities of H. naledi for endurance running. [79]
- Baab (2025) presents a virtual reconstruction of the skull of the Turkana Boy. [80]
- Mercader et al. (2025) present evidence indicating that Homo erectus occupying the Engaji Nanyori locality (Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania) one million years ago lived in extremely dry environment, and showed ability to adapt to such environment through the strategic use of water resources present in the studied area. [81]
- Falk, Zollikofer & Ponce de León (2025) hypothesize that structures buried within the lunate sulcus expanded and became part of the external cortical surface during the hominin evolution, resulting in fragmentation of the lunate sulcus, and report possible evidence of fragmentation of the lunate sulcus in Dmanisi hominins. [82]
- Huguet et al. (2025) report the discovery of the midface of a hominin living between 1.4 million and 1.1 million years ago from the Sima del Elefante site (Spain), representing the oldest hominin face from Western Europe reported to date, and assign it to Homo aff. erectus. [83]
- Review of known record of technologies used by hominins living in Europe from 1.4 million years ago to 600,000 years ago is published by Rodríguez-Álvarez & Lozano (2025). [84]
- Vialet et al. (2025) reevaluate the age and morphological affinities of the frontal bone of a Pleistocene hominin from Kocabaş (Turkey) studied by Mori et al. (2024), [85] and determine the studied fossil to be between 1.6 and 1.2 million years old. [86]
- Review of the nomenclature of the Middle Pleistocene hominins is published by Reed (2025). [87]
- A study aiming to determine the connection between facial morphology and geography in Middle Pleistocene hominins is published by Olsen & White (2025). [88]
- Review of the studies of skeletal proteomes of Middle and Late Pleistocene hominins, as well as of challenges in the proteomic analyses of the Pleistocene material, is published by Welker et al. (2025). [89]
- Schroeder & Komza (2025) study the morphological variation of skull of Middle Pleistocene hominins from Africa, and interpret it as consistent with attribution of the studied hominins to a single ecological species lineage. [90]
- Balzeau et al. (2025) revise the morphology of the Florisbad Skull, do not confirm the presence of pathological features reported by Curnoe & Brink (2010), [91] and report evidence of presence of anatomical traits different from those of Homo sapiens. [92]
- Evidence from the study of starch grains found on basalt tools from the Gesher Benot Ya'aqov site (Israel), indicating that Middle Pleistocene hominins from the site processed diverse plants, is preserved by Ahituv et al. (2025). [93]
- Evidence from the study of stone tools, ochre fragments, animal remains likely accumulated by hominins and funerary practices of hominins from the Tinshemet Cave (Israel), interpreted as indicative of development of uniform behavior among mid-Middle Palaeolithic Levantine hominins that was likely related to interactions between different Homo groups, is presented by Zaidner et al. (2025). [94]
- Key et al. (2025) report evidence of hominin occupation of the Chequer's Wood and Old Park site (United Kingdom) during the Marine Isotope Stages 17–16, as well as evidence of occupation of the site by Acheulean hominins during the Anglian glacial stage. [95]
- Falguères et al. (2025) determine a minimum age of approximately 286,000 years for the Petralona skull, and interpret this individual as a member of a hominin lineage distinct from Neanderthals and modern humans. [96]
- Liu et al. (2025) report the discovery of a new assemblage of wooden tools from the 300,000-year-old site of Gantangqing (甘棠箐) in southwest China, interpreted as digging sticks and small pointed tools, and expanding known range of hominins using wooden tools during the early Paleolithic. [97]
- A study on teeth of Hualongdong people, providing evidence of presence of a mixture of primitive and derived dental features, is published by Wu et al. (2025). [98]
- Hui, Wu & Balzeau (2025) study internal structures of the Maba Man, and report evidence of presence of combination of morphological features also present in different hominin species. [99]
- Tsutaya et al. (2025) identify the Penghu 1 mandible as belonging to a male Denisovan individual on the basis of paleoproteomic evidence. [100]
- Fu et al. (2025) retrieve mitochondrial DNA from dental calculus of the Pleistocene hominin skull from Harbin (China) which is the holotype of Homo longi , and report that it falls within the variation of previously sequenced Denisovan mitochondrial DNA; [101] Fu et al. (2025) retrieve 95 endogenous proteins from the same individual, and interpret them as supporting the assignment of the Harbin individual to a Denisovan population. [102]
- Mishol et al. (2025) compare the Middle Pleistocene hominin skulls with the Denisovan anatomical profile reconstructed by Gokhman et al. (2019), [103] recover the holotype of Homo longi, Dali Man and Kabwe 1 as showing particularly high resemblance to the predicted Denisovan profile, and interpret Kabwe 1 as more likely to be close to the root of the Neanderthal–Denisovan clade than to be a Denisovan. [104]
- Ruan et al. (2025) report the discovery of a Quina technological system from the Longtan site, providing evidence that Middle Paleolithic technologies similar to those used by European Neanderthals were also used in southwest China 60,000-50,000 years ago. [105]
- Evidence from the study of the mortality pattern of bisons from the TD10.2-BB bone bed layer from the Gran Dolina site in the Sierra de Atapuerca (Spain), interpreted as indicating that human groups occupying the site exploited bison sustainably, is presented by Rodríguez-Gómez et al. (2025). [106]
- A study on evolutionary processes that resulted in the emergence of a mosaic of primitive and derived anatomical traits in the Middle Pleistocene hominin populations from the Neanderthal lineage is published by Rosas et al. (2025). [107]
- Evidence indicating that, on average, Neanderthals had thicker cranial vault and its individual layers compared to modern humans is presented by Natahi et al. (2025). [108]
- Macak et al. (2025) link the variant of AMPD1 present in Neanderthals to reduced AMPD activity in muscle extracts, and find possible evidence of its impact on athletic performance, but find no evidence of its significant impact on average human physiology. [109]
- Palancar, García-Martínez & Bastir (2025) study the morphology of the Neanderthal cervical spine, and report evidence that Neanderthals may not have a reduced cervical lordosis compared to modern humans. [110]
- Beasley, Lesnik & Speth (2025) argue that reconstructions of Neanderthal diets based on studies of bulk collagen nitrogen stable isotope ratios should take into account that results of stable nitrogen isotope analyses might be affected by consumption of animal foods laced with maggots by Neanderthals. [111]
- Evidence from the Velika Balanica cave (Serbia), indicating that toolkit originally thought to be devised for cervid processing in the Near East was used by Neanderthals occupying the site for ibex exploitation, is presented by Milošević et al. (2025). [112]
- Evidence indicating that Schöningen spears are approximately 200,000 years old is presented by Hutson et al. (2025). [113]
- Urciuoli et al. (2025) report evidence of reduction of morphological diversity of bony labyrinths in the Neanderthal lineage after the start of Marine Isotope Stage 5, interpreted as possibly related to a population bottleneck. [114]
- Evidence from the study of body parts of large mammals from Neumark-Nord (Germany), interpreted as indicating that Neanderthals occupying the site during the Last Interglacial intensively processed carcasses of large mammals for marrow and grease, is presented by Kindler et al. (2025). [115]
- Evidence from the study of Neanderthal stone tools from the Mousterian levels from the El Castillo cave (Cantabria, Spain), indicating that flint used to produce the tools was sourced from locations ranging between 23 and 420 km from the site, is presented by Herrero-Alonso et al. (2025). [116]
- A study on remains of animals hunted by Neanderthals from the level D of the Axlor site (Spain), providing evidence of Neanderthals hunting different prey depending on the season, is published by Uzunidis et al. (2025). [117]
- Evidence indicating that Neanderthals from the Scladina cave (Belgium) crafted bone tools from remains of cave lions, and selected long bones (tibia) for production of chisel-like tools that were subsequently fractured to produce bone retouchers, is presented by Abrams et al. (2025). [118]
- Neanderthal tracks produced in coastal dune landscapes are reported from two new tracksites from Portugal by Neto de Carvalho et al. (2025). [119]
- Degioanni et al. (2025) determine the extent of environments that were suitable from Neanderthal occupation in Europe between 90,000 and 50,000 years ago, report that the extent of suitable areas did not significantly decrease immediately prior to the disappearance of Neanderthals, and argue that the climate change was not the primary cause of the decline of European Neanderthals. [120]
- Evidence from the study of a hip bone from the El Sidrón site (Spain), indicative of a previously unrecognized variability of the morphology of the Neanderthal pelvis, is presented by Torres-Tamayo et al. (2025). [121]
- Villanea et al. (2025) identify one of the haplotypes of the MUC19 gene in modern humans as inherited from Neanderthals who in turn likely inherited it from Denisovans, and find this haplotype to be under positive selection in modern humans and possibly linked to adaptations of Indigenous Americans to their environment. [122]
- Evidence from the study of the Bété I site from the Anyama locality (Ivory Coast), indicative of human occupation of West African wet tropical forests dating to around 150,000 years ago, is presented by Ben Arous et al. (2025). [123]
- Velliky et al. (2025) describe Middle Stone Age artifacts made from ochre from the Blombos Cave (South Africa), interpreted as retouchers and pressure flakers. [124]
- Hallett et al. (2025) report evidence of expansion in human niche breadth that began around 70,000 years ago, resulting in distinctive ecological flexibility of humans contributing to their successful dispersal out of Africa. [125]
- Röding et al. (2025) study the morphology of teeth of a juvenile hominin individual from the Pleistocene Mugharet el'Aliya cave site (Morocco), and interpret it as consistent with affinities with the Homo sapiens lineage. [126]
- Timbrell et al. (2025) provide evidence of ecological differences between northwestern and eastern Africa during the Middle Stone Age, and argue that those differences might have been drivers of cultural diversification between human populations producing Middle Stone Age technology. [127]
- Jiang et al. (2025) provide evidence of rapid increase in fire activity in the East China Sea region since 50,000 years ago, interpreted as linked to increase in fire utilization by humans. [128]
- Kaifu et al. (2025) report evidence from sea travel from Taiwan to Yonaguni conducted in 2019, using a dugout canoe produced with Upper Paleolithic tools, indicating that Paleolithic people were capable crossing the strait separating Taiwan and the Ryukyu Islands in spite of strong currents; [129] Chang et al. (2025) report that such sea crossing required awareness of the Kuroshio Current, adjustment of paddling to counteract it, and choice of the right departure place by the Paleolithic people. [130]
- Evidence from the study of mammalian remains from the Isturitz cave (France), indicative of stability of hunting strategies of people occupying the site during the Marine Isotope Stage 3 in spite of climate cooling and opening of landscapes, is presented by Berlioz et al. (2025). [131]
- Matthews et al. (2025) study new palaeoclimatic record from Llangorse (South Wales, United Kingdom) near the earliest British archaeological sites, and find that repopulation of the northwest margin of Europe by humans after the Last Glacial Maximum was supported by local summer warming. [132]
- Schürch, Conard & Schmidt (2025) study the raw material sourcing of tools from the Gravettian and Magdalenian sites in Germany, and interpret their findings as indicating that territories of foraging groups that occupied the studied sites spanned across 300 km. [133]
- Sparacello et al. (2025) study projectile impact marks from remains of a Paleolithic individual from the Riparo Tagliente site (Italy), interpreted as possible evidence of a conflict between different groups of hunter-gatherers, and among the oldest possible evidence of such conflicts. [134]
- Mori et al. (2025) confirm that the AC12 cranium from the Upper Paleolithic Arene Candide site (Italy) represents the oldest human skull with evidence of artificial modification from Europe reported to date. [135]
- Marginedas et al. (2025) interpret evidence of manipulation of human remains from the Magdalenian site Maszycka Cave (Poland) as consistent with cannibalistic behavior. [136]
- The oldest evidence of human occupation of high-altitude territories in Australia reported to date, indicative of occupation of Dargan Shelter in the upper Blue Mountains during the Last Glacial Maximum, is presented by Way et al. (2025). [137]
- New evidence interpreted as supporting dating of the White Sands footprints to the Last Glacial Maximum is presented by Holliday et al. (2025). [138]
- A study on the human distribution in South America during the late Pleistocene is published by Becerra-Valdivia (2025), who reports evidence of adaptation of humans to cold environments during the Antarctic Cold Reversal and widespread occupation of the continent that likely happened after the Younger Dryas. [139]
- Stimpson et al. (2025) describe a skeleton from the Thung Binh 1 cave site (Tràng An Landscape Complex World Heritage Site, Vietnam) dated 12 500–12 000 years before present, interpreted as belonging to an individual with affinities with a Late Pleistocene indigenous hunter–gatherer population and unrelated to East Asian farmer populations, and preserving evidence of a neck injury interpreted as likely caused by a small projectile. [140]
- Evidence from the study of ribcages of fossil Homo sapiens, indicative of impact of climatic conditions on size and shape of ribcages in the studied individuals, is presented by López-Rey et al. (2025). [141]
- Evidence from the study of ancient DNA of individuals living in Eurasia in the time interval spanning from 45,000 to 1700 years ago, indicative of persistence of individuals with dark or intermediate skin colors in Europe up to the Iron Age (coexisting with individuals with light skin colors since the Mesolithic), is presented by Perretti et al. (2025). [142]
Rodents
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Country | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sp. nov | Golovanov & Zazhigin | Pliocene-Pleistocene | A zokor. | |||||
Sp. nov | Golovanov & Zazhigin | Pliocene-Pleistocene | A zokor. | |||||
Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Calede & Socki | ||||||
Sp. nov | Feroz et al. | Miocene | A member of the family Cricetidae. | |||||
Sp. nov | Olivares et al. | Miocene | ||||||
Gen. et sp. et comb. nov | Golovanov & Zazhigin | Pleistocene | A zokor. Genus includes new species S. obensis, as well as "Prosiphneus" razdoleanensis Golovanov & Zazhigin (2023). | |||||
Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Fazal et al. | Miocene | A member of the family Pedetidae. The type species is S. afroasiaticus. | ||||
Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Maridet et al. | Oligocene (Rupelian) | A member of the family Cricetidae belonging to the subfamily Eucricetodontinae. The type species is T. arcemis. | ||||
Rodent research
- Quintana Cardona & Riera Pons (2025) study the morphology of the cribriform plate of a member of the genus Hypnomys from the Ses Tapareres Cave in Menorca (Spain), and interpret the sensory systems of Hypnomys as better developed than those of Myotragus balearicus and Nuralagus rex . [149]
- Čermák (2025) revises the anatomy and affinities of Ameniscomys selenoides on the basis of the study of known and new fossil material, and names a new subfamily Ameniscomyinae. [150]
- Grau-Camats et al. (2025) describe new fossil material of Miopetaurista webbi from the Gray Fossil Site (Tennessee, United States) and interpret the species as likely closely related to the Eurasian species M. thaleri. [151]
- Candela, García-Esponda & Noriega (2025) revise the holotype of Paradoxomys cancrivorus from the Miocene strata in northeast Argentina, and reassign it to the species Coendou magnus . [152]
- Fernández et al. (2025) revise the fossil material of late Pleistocene caviines from the Buenos Aires Province (Argentina), and reaffirm the validity of Galea tixiensis . [153]
- Escamilla et al. (2025) describe fossil material of members of the genera Prolagostomus and Chasicomys from the Miocene strata in the Calahoyo locality (Jujuy Province, Argentina), representing the first recorded co-occurrence of members of the two genera and extending known temporal range of Prolagostomus. [154]
- New information on the anatomy and affinities of Telicomys giganteus , based on the study of a new specimen, is provided by Rasia et al. (2025). [155]
- A study on the brain morphology of Pliocene specimens of Eumysops chapalmalensis is published by Fernández Villoldo et al. (2025). [156]
- Peralta et al. (2025) describe a tooth of a member of the tribe Echimyini from the Greenlandian strata in the Entre Ríos Province (Argentina), with morphology indicative of affinities with the extant Amazonian genus Lonchothrix , and interpret this finding as consistent with existence of a biogeographic connection between Amazonia and the southern cone of South America during the early Holocene. [157]
- Bogel, Vassallo & Becerra (2025) reconstruct jaw adductor muscles of Actenomys priscus , estimate its bite force, and report evidence of closer similarity of its musculature and (estimated) bite force to those of octodontids than to those of extant tuco-tucos. [158]
- De Santi & Verzi (2025) revise the Pleistocene tuco-tuco species Ctenomys latidens , interpreting it as a distinct species and likely a senior synonym of C. dasseni and C. intermedius. [159]
- A study on the evolution of the morphological variation of skulls and mandibles of tuco-tucos, based on data from extant and extinct taxa, is published by De Santi, Álvarez & Verzi (2025). [160]
- A study on the phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of extant and fossil birch mice is published by Zhu et al. (2025). [161]
- Crespo et al. (2025) study the composition of the early Miocene muroid assemblage from the Ribesalbes-Alcora Basin (Spain), and interpret the studied rodents as living in an environmental that was transitional between forests of west Europe and drier interior of the Iberian Peninsula. [162]
- A study on the evolutionary history of the family Platacanthomyidae, as indicated by genomic data from extant species and by fossil record, is published by Kang et al. (2025). [163]
- A study on changes of the first molar during the evolutionary history of the Kislangia lineage in Western Europe during the late Pliocene and early Pleistocene is published by Agustí, Lozano-Fernández & Piñero (2025). [164]
- A study on the evolution of tooth morphology of arvicoline rodents, as indicated by data from fossil record and by data on development of teeth of extant arvicolines, is published by Lafuma et al. (2025), who interpret their findings as indicating that morphological evolution of teeth was shaped by tooth development. [165]
- Fox & Blois (2025) identify molars of pack rats from the Project 23 Deposits of the La Brea Tar Pits as belonging to big-eared woodrats. [166]
- A study on the morphology of molars of Pleistocene large-bodied rats from the Mata Menge site (Flores, Indonesia) and on their affinities is published by Hayes et al. (2025), who report evidence of similarities of the studied molars with those of Hooijeromys nusatenggara and Verhoeven's giant rat. [167]
Other euarchontoglires
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Country | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sp. nov | Valid | Wang, Qiu & Li | Miocene | A pika. | ||||
Miscellaneous euarchontoglires research
- Čermák et al. (2025) revise the taxonomy of Pliocene lagomorphs from the Tollo de Chiclana section of the Guadix Basin (Spain). [169]
- Kalaitzi & Kostopoulos (2025) describe new fossil material of Trischizolagus from the Pliocene strata from the Megalo Emvolon-4 site (Greece), providing new information on the cranial anatomy of T. dumitrescuae. [170]
- Chester et al. (2025) describe a specimen of Mixodectes pungens from the Paleocene Nacimiento Formation (New Mexico, United States) representing the most complete mixodectid specimen reported to date, and interpret its anatomy as supporting the primatomorphan affinities of mixodectids. [171]
- New information on the anatomy of the skull of Plesiolestes nacimienti is provided by Crowell, Beard & Chester (2025). [172]
- Monclús-Gonzalo et al. (2025) study the relationship between tarsal shape and locomotor behavior in extant primates and apply their findings to plesiadapiforms and early euprimates, reporting evidence of diverse locomotor repertoires in the latter group. [173]
