2025 in paleontology

Last updated

Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils . [1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks ( ichnites ), burrows , cast-off parts, fossilised feces ( coprolites ), palynomorphs and chemical residues . Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science . This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2025.

Contents

Flora

Plants

Fungi

Newly named fungi

NameNoveltyStatusAuthorsAgeType localityLocationNotesImage

Glomites bacatus [2]

Sp. nov

Krings

Devonian

Rhynie chert

Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom

A member of Glomeromycota.

Kiyamyces [3]

Gen. et sp. nov

Maslova et al.

Cretaceous (Albian-Cenomanian)

Kiya Formation

Flag of Russia.svg Russia
(Flag of Kemerovo Oblast.svg Kemerovo Oblast)

A member of Dothideomycetes. Genus includes new species K. sequoiae.

Megaglomerospora [4]

Gen. et sp. nov

Correia, Sá & Pereira

Carboniferous

Vale da Mó Formation

Flag of Portugal (official).svg Portugal

A member of Diversisporales. The type species is M. lealiae.

Palaeomicrothyrium [5]

Gen. et sp. nov

Kundu et al.

Miocene

Flag of India.svg India

A microthyriaceous fungus. The type species is P. miocenicum.

Paleoophiocordyceps gerontoformicae [6]

Sp. nov

Zhuang et al.

Cretaceous

Kachin amber

Flag of Myanmar.svg Myanmar

Paleoophiocordyceps ironomyiae [6]

Sp. nov

Zhuang et al.

Cretaceous

Kachin amber

Flag of Myanmar.svg Myanmar

Veterisphaera [7]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Moore & Krings

Devonian

Rhynie chert

Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom

A fungal reproductive unit. The type species is V. dumosa.

Zygosporium palaeomasonii [8]

Sp. nov

Kundu & Khan

Miocene

Flag of India.svg India

A member of Xylariales belonging to the family Zygosporiaceae.

Mycological research

  • Han et al. (2025) identify microtubes in bones of specimens of Keichousaurus from the Middle Triassic strata in China, preserved with geometric features typical of fungal hyphae, and identify the studied specimens as the earliest record of fungal-induced biomineralization in fossil bones reported to date. [9]
  • Tian et al. (2025) describe remains of fungi colonizing an insect-infested conifer wood from the Jurassic Tiaojishan Formation (China), interpreted as the oldest record of blue stain fungi reported to date. [10]
  • Tian et al. (2025) describe parasitic fungi infecting a podocarpaceous wood specimen from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation (China), representing the first documented occurrence of fossil fungi in the Jehol Biota. [11]
  • Hodgson et al. (2025) present a global dataset of Cenozoic fungi records. [12]

Cnidarians

NameNoveltyStatusAuthorsAgeType localityCountryNotesImages

Arenactinia [13]

Gen. et sp. nov

Barroso et al.

Silurian

Ipu Formation

Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil

A sea anemone. The type species is A. ipuensis.

Dendrophyllia mokiensis [14]

Sp. nov

Valid

Tokuda, Yamada, Endo, Sentoku & Ezaki in Tokuda et al.

Miocene

Omori Formation

Flag of Japan.svg Japan

A species of Dendrophyllia .

?Diploctenium chilensis [15]

Sp. nov

Valid

Collado & Galleguillos

Paleocene

Trihueco Formation

Flag of Chile.svg Chile

A member of the family Meandrinidae.

Favosites? herbigi [16]

Sp. nov

Pohler, Hubmann & Kammerhofer

Devonian

Hunsrück Slate

Flag of Germany.svg Germany

A tabulate coral.

Flabellum philippii [17]

Nom. nov

Valid

Collado, Galleguillos & Hoeksema

Miocene

Flag of Chile.svg Chile

A species of Flabellum ; a replacement name for Flabellum costatum Philippi (1887).

Flabellum pirii [17]

Nom. nov

Valid

Collado, Galleguillos & Hoeksema

Miocene

Flag of Chile.svg Chile

A species of Flabellum; a replacement name for Flabellum striatum Philippi (1887).

Flabellum rachelis [17]

Nom. nov

Valid

Collado, Galleguillos & Hoeksema

Eocene

Flag of the United States.svg United States
(Flag of Alabama.svg Alabama)

A species of Flabellum; a replacement name for Flabellum striatum Gabb & Horn (1860).

Flabellum taveri [17]

Nom. nov

Valid

Collado, Galleguillos & Hoeksema

Miocene

Flag of Chile.svg Chile

A species of Flabellum; a replacement name for Flabellum solidum Tavera Jerez (1979).

Lepidophyllia (Heterastraea) microcalix [18]

Sp. nov

Boivin, Lathuilière & Martini

Early Jurassic (Sinemurian and Pliensbachian, possibly also Hettangian)

Flag of Morocco.svg Morocco

A stony coral belonging to the family Stylophyllidae.

Marejellia [19]

Gen. et sp. nov

Žalohar, Gašparič & Hitij

Miocene

Flag of Slovenia.svg Slovenia

A member of Rhizostomeae of uncertain affinities. The type species is M. nereis.

Marennophyllum kaufmanni [20]

Sp. nov

Valid

Coen-Aubert

Devonian (Eifelian)

Flag of Morocco.svg Morocco

A rugose coral belonging to the family Cystiphyllidae.

Michelinia umbogmaensis [21]

Sp. nov

El-Desouky & Kora

Carboniferous (Viséan)

Um Bogma Formation

Flag of Egypt.svg Egypt

A tabulate coral.

Paraconularia balkhashensis [22]

Sp. nov

Valid

Ohar & Dernov

Carboniferous (Bashkirian)

Kalmakemel' Formation

Flag of Kazakhstan.svg Kazakhstan

A member of Conulariida.

Paracuifia castellum [18]

Sp. nov

Boivin, Lathuilière & Martini

Early Jurassic (Sinemurian or Pliensbachian)

Flag of Morocco.svg Morocco

A stony coral belonging to the family Cuifiidae.

Pleurodictyum nerydelgadoi [23]

Sp. nov

Valid

Domingos, Callapez & Legoinha

Devonian

Flag of Portugal (official).svg Portugal

A tabulate coral.

Sericonularia [24]

Gen. et sp. nov

Min, Zong & Wang

Silurian

Fentou Formation

Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China

A member of Conulariida. The type species is S. gemmata.

Siphonophrentis subaequalis [20]

Sp. nov

Valid

Coen-Aubert

Devonian (Givetian)

Flag of Morocco.svg Morocco

A rugose coral belonging to the family Siphonophrentidae.

Sterictopathes seira [25]

Sp. nov

Valid

Hao, Han, Baliński, Brugler & Song in Hao et al.

Ordovician

Xiliangsi Formation

Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China

A black coral.

Stringophyllum pedderi [20]

Sp. nov

Valid

Coen-Aubert

Devonian (Givetian)

Flag of Morocco.svg Morocco

A rugose coral belonging to the family Stringophyllidae.

Sutherlandia gzheliensis [26]

Sp. nov

Valid

Krutykh, Mirantsev & Rozhnov

Carboniferous (Gzhelian)

Moscow Syneclise

Flag of Russia.svg Russia

A favositid coral. Published online in 2025, but the issue date is listed as December 2024.

Tavsenicoralla [27]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Peel

Cambrian (Wuliuan)

Henson Gletscher Formation

Flag of Greenland.svg Greenland

A coralomorph cnidarian. The type species is T. avannaa.

Cnidarian research

Arthropods

Bryozoans

NameNoveltyStatusAuthorsAgeType localityLocationNotesImages

Catalinella [32]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Martha et al.

Paleocene

Flag of the United States.svg United States
(Flag of New Jersey.svg New Jersey)

A cheilostome bryozoan. The type species is "Lepralia" undata Reuss (1872).

Chenquepora [33]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Iturra, López-Gappa & Pérez

Miocene (Langhian)

Chenque Formation

Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina

A member of Cheilostomatida belonging to the family Dysnoetoporidae. Genus includes new species C. miocenica.

Dionella asynithisti [32]

Sp. nov

Valid

Martha et al.

Paleocene

Vincentown Limesand

Flag of the United States.svg United States
(Flag of New Jersey.svg New Jersey)

A cheilostome bryozoan.

Distansescharella rancocasi [32]

Sp. nov

Valid

Martha et al.

Paleocene

Vincentown Limesand

Flag of the United States.svg United States
(Flag of New Jersey.svg New Jersey)

A cheilostome bryozoan.

Euritina laterospinata [32]

Sp. nov

Valid

Martha et al.

Paleocene

Vincentown Limesand

Flag of the United States.svg United States
(Flag of New Jersey.svg New Jersey)

A cheilostome bryozoan.

Fougaropora [32]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Martha et al.

Paleocene

Vincentown Limesand

Flag of the United States.svg United States
(Flag of New Jersey.svg New Jersey)

A cheilostome bryozoan. The type species is "Stomatopora" temnichorda Ulrich & Bassler (1907).

Gabbhornia [32]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Martha et al.

Paleocene

Vincentown Limesand

Flag of the United States.svg United States
(Flag of New Jersey.svg New Jersey)

A cheilostome bryozoan. The type species is "Flustrella" capistrata Gabb & Horn (1862).

Haplocephalopora foraminata [32]

Nom. nov

Valid

Martha et al.

Paleocene

Vincentown Limesand

Flag of the United States.svg United States
(Flag of New Jersey.svg New Jersey)

A cheilostome bryozoan.

Hemistylus rostratum [32]

Sp. nov

Valid

Martha et al.

Paleocene

Vincentown Limesand

Flag of the United States.svg United States
(Flag of New Jersey.svg New Jersey)

A cheilostome bryozoan.

Leiosellina pakhia [32]

Sp. nov

Valid

Martha et al.

Paleocene

Vincentown Limesand

Flag of the United States.svg United States
(Flag of New Jersey.svg New Jersey)

A cheilostome bryozoan.

Megaloramfozoon [32]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Martha et al.

Paleocene

Vincentown Limesand

Flag of the United States.svg United States
(Flag of New Jersey.svg New Jersey)

A cheilostome bryozoan. The type species is "Membranipora" nematoporoides Ulrich & Bassler (1907).

Obsitacella [32]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Martha et al.

Paleocene

Vincentown Limesand

Flag of the United States.svg United States
(Flag of New Jersey.svg New Jersey)

A cheilostome bryozoan. The type species is "Membranipora" jerseyensis Ulrich & Bassler (1907).

Paraptylopora gondwanica [34]

Sp. nov

Valid

Taboada, Pagani & Carrera

Carboniferous

Pampa de Tepuel Formation

Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina

Poricellaria karinae [32]

Sp. nov

Valid

Martha et al.

Paleocene

Vincentown Limesand

Flag of the United States.svg United States
(Flag of New Jersey.svg New Jersey)

A cheilostome bryozoan.

Quadrilateralia [32]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Martha et al.

Paleocene

Vincentown Limesand

Flag of the United States.svg United States
(Flag of New Jersey.svg New Jersey)

A cheilostome bryozoan. The type species is "Membranipora" nellioides Canu & Bassler (1933).

Stavrozoon [32]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Martha et al.

Paleocene

Flag of the United States.svg United States
(Flag of New Jersey.svg New Jersey)

A cheilostome bryozoan. The type species is "Lepralia" interposita Reuss (1872).

Stephanollona ricoae [35]

Sp. nov

Valid

Iturra, López-Gappa & Pérez

Miocene

Chenque Formation

Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina

A member of the family Phidoloporidae.

"Taractopora" klausbreitenbachi [32]

Nom. nov

Valid

Martha et al.

Paleocene

Vincentown Limesand

Flag of the United States.svg United States
(Flag of New Jersey.svg New Jersey)

A cheilostome bryozoan.

Temachia canubassleri [32]

Nom. nov

Valid

Martha et al.

Paleocene

Vincentown Limesand

Flag of the United States.svg United States
(Flag of New Jersey.svg New Jersey)

A cheilostome bryozoan.

Vincentownia [32]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Martha et al.

Paleocene

Vincentown Limesand

Flag of the United States.svg United States
(Flag of New Jersey.svg New Jersey)

A cheilostome bryozoan. The type species is "Vincularia" acutirostris Canu & Bassler (1933).

Xenikipora [32]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Martha et al.

Paleocene

Vincentown Limesand

Flag of the United States.svg United States
(Flag of New Jersey.svg New Jersey)

A cheilostome bryozoan. The type species is "Kleidionella" trabeculifera Canu & Bassler (1933).

Yadayadapora [32]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Martha et al.

Paleocene

Vincentown Limesand

Flag of the United States.svg United States
(Flag of New Jersey.svg New Jersey)

A cheilostome bryozoan. The type species is "Beisselina" mortoni Canu & Bassler (1933).

Zachosella [32]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Martha et al.

Paleocene

Vincentown Limesand

Flag of the United States.svg United States
(Flag of New Jersey.svg New Jersey)

A cheilostome bryozoan. The type species is "Stichocados" mucronatus Canu & Bassler (1933).

Bryozoan research

Brachiopods

NameNoveltyStatusAuthorsAgeType localityCountryNotesImages

Apheoorthis talenti [37]

Sp. nov

Brock, Zhang & Smith

Cambrian Stage 10

Ninmaroo Formation

Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia

A member of Orthida belonging to the family Eoorthidae.

Aseptella tse [38]

Sp. nov

Sour-Tovar, Quiroz-Barroso & Castillo Espinosa

Carboniferous (Viséan)

Santiago Formation

Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico

A member of Productida belonging to the family Productellidae.

Askepasma blysmochlidon [39]

Sp. nov

Valid

Castle-Jones et al.

Cambrian Stage 2

Sellick Hill Formation

Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia

A member of Paterinata belonging to the group Paterinoidea.

Brachiosvalbardia archboldi [40]

Sp. nov

Calle Salcedo, Cisterna & Halpern

Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian)

Quebrada Larga Formation

Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina

A member of Productida.

Carinatina connorsi [41]

Sp. nov

Valid

Baranov, Blodgett & Santucci

Devonian (Emsian)

Shellabarger Limestone

Flag of the United States.svg United States
(Flag of Alaska.svg Alaska)

A member of Atrypida belonging to the superfamily Davidsonioidea and the family Carinatinidae.

Conotreta canningensis [42]

Sp. nov

Valid

Percival in Zhen et al.

Ordovician

Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia

A member of the family Acrotretidae.

Coronalosia vergelae [40]

Sp. nov

Calle Salcedo, Cisterna & Halpern

Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian)

Quebrada Larga Formation

Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina

A member of Productida.

Cyrtina koenigshofi [43]

Sp. nov

Valid

Jansen

Devonian (Emsian)

Hohenrhein Formation

Flag of Germany.svg Germany

A member of Spiriferinida belonging to the family Cyrtinidae.

Drabovia? madmonensis [44]

Sp. nov

Valid

Kim et al.

Ordovician (Katian)

Flag of Uzbekistan.svg Uzbekistan

Howellella gonensis [45]

Sp. nov

Valid

Baranov & Nikolaev

Devonian (Pragian)

Flag of Russia.svg Russia

A member of Spiriferida.

Iridistrophia maecuruensis [46]

Sp. nov

Rezende et al.

Devonian

Maecuru Formation

Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil

Katzeria [46]

Gen. et comb. nov

Junior homonym

Rezende et al.

Devonian

Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil

A new genus for "Strophomena" hoeferi Katzer. The generic name is preoccupied by Katzeria Mendes (1966).

Kitaborthis [44]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Kim et al.

Ordovician

Flag of Austria.svg Austria
Flag of Italy.svg Italy
Flag of Uzbekistan.svg Uzbekistan

A member of the family Hesperorthidae. The type species is "Reuschella" asiatica Rozman (1978); genus also includes "Multicostella" schoenlaubi Havlíček in Havlíček, Kříž & Serpagli (1987).

Linipalus andacolloensis [47]

Pardo et sp. nov

Pardo et al.

Carboniferous

Huaraco Formation

Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina

Nalivkinathyris [48]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Baranov, Kebrie-ee Zade & Blodgett

Devonian (Famennian)

Khoshyeilagh Formation

Flag of Iran.svg Iran

A member of the family Athyrididae. The type species is N. damganensis. Published online in 2025, but the issue date is listed as December 2024.

Pseudopholidops ingriana [49]

Sp. nov

Valid

Popov et al.

Ordovician

Flag of Russia.svg Russia

A member of Craniopsida.

Rakhmonomena [44]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Kim et al.

Ordovician (Katian)

Flag of Uzbekistan.svg Uzbekistan

Genus includes new species R. nataliae.

Rugia stenius [50]

Sp. nov

Valid

Surlyk

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)

Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark

A member of the family Chlidonophoridae.

Spinatrypina mimsae [51]

Sp. nov

Valid

Baranov, Blodgett & Santucci

Devonian (Emsian)

Shellabarger Limestone

Flag of the United States.svg United States
(Flag of Alaska.svg Alaska)

A member of Atrypida belonging to the family Atrypidae.

Taphrodonta maralikhaensis [52]

Sp. nov

Valid

Shcherbanenko & Sennikov

Ordovician (Darriwilian)

Flag of Russia.svg Russia

A member of Strophomenida.

Terrakea koragoi [53]

Sp. nov

Valid

Biakov et al.

Permian

Flag of Russia.svg Russia

A member of Productida.

Torynelasma holmeri [42]

Sp. nov

Valid

Percival in Zhen et al.

Ordovician

Nambeet Formation

Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia

A member of Acrotretida belonging to the family Torynelasmatidae.

Wimanigma [54]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Betts et al.

Cambrian Stage 4

Probably File Haidar Formation

Europe (Baltic Sea region)

A stem-brachiopod belonging to the family Mickwitziidae. Genus includes new species W. soderarmensis.

Xystostrophia agassizi [46]

Comb. nov

(Rathbun)

Devonian

Ererê Formation

Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil

Moved from Streptorhynchus agassizi Rathbun (1874).

Brachiopod research

Molluscs

Echinoderms

NameNoveltyStatusAuthorsAgeType localityCountryNotesImages

Anticosticrinus [63]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Cole, Wright & Hopkins

Ordovician–Silurian transition (most likely Hirnantian)

Ellis Bay Formation or Becscie Formation

Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada
(Flag of Quebec.svg Quebec)

A cladid crinoid belonging to the order Sagenocrinida and the family Anisocrinidae. The type species is A. natiscotecensis.

Astropecten erectus [64]

Sp. nov

Valid

Gale

Late Cretaceous (Campanian)

Kristianstad Basin

Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden

A possible species of Astropecten .

Atlascystis [65]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Woodgate et al.

Cambrian Stage 4Wuliuan

Jbel Wawrmast Formation

Flag of Morocco.svg Morocco

A member of Ctenocystoidea. The type species is A. acantha.

Borszczia [66]

Gen. et sp. et comb. nov

Valid

Pauly & Villier

Middle Jurassic (Callovian) to Early Cretaceous (Hauterivian)

Ornatenton Formation

Flag of France.svg France
Flag of Germany.svg Germany
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom

A starfish belonging to the order Paxillosida and the suborder Cribellina. The type species is B. wallueckensis; genus also includes "Chrispaulia" jurassica Gale (2011) and "Chrispaulia" spinosa Gale & Jagt (2021).

Brightonicystis salmoensis [67]

Comb. nov

Valid

(Sheffield, Ausich & Sumrall)

Ordovician (Hirnantian)

Ellis Bay Formation

Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada
(Flag of Quebec.svg Quebec)

A blastozoan belonging to the group Diploporita and the family Holocystitidae; moved from Holocystites salmoensis Sheffield, Ausich & Sumrall.

Brissus jonesi [68]

Sp. nov

Valid

Osborn, Portell & Mooi

Eocene

Ocala Limestone

Flag of the United States.svg United States
(Flag of Florida.svg Florida)

A species of Brissus .

Castaneametra [69]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Saulsbury, Baumiller & Sprinkle

Early Cretaceous (Albian)

Glen Rose Formation

Flag of the United States.svg United States
(Flag of Texas.svg Texas)

A crinoid belonging to the group Comatulida and the family Notocrinidae. The type species is C. hodgesi.

Cherbonniericrinus pliocenicus [70]

Sp. nov

Valid

Roux, Thuy & Gale

Pliocene

Indian Ocean (Rodrigues Ridge)

A crinoid belonging to the family Rhizocrinidae.

Crassicoma suedica [71]

Sp. nov

Valid

Gale & Stevenson

Late Cretaceous (Campanian)

Kristianstad Basin

Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden

A crinoid belonging to the group Roveacrinida and the family Saccocomidae.

Diademopsis wallueckensis [72]

Sp. nov

Valid

Pauly

Middle Jurassic (Callovian)

Ornatenton Formation

Flag of Germany.svg Germany

A sea urchin belonging to the family Pedinidae.

Durhamella tetrapora [68]

Sp. nov

Valid

Osborn, Portell & Mooi

Eocene

Ocala Limestone

Flag of the United States.svg United States
(Flag of Florida.svg Florida)

A sea urchin belonging to the family Neolaganidae.

Eupatagus dumonti [68]

Sp. nov

Valid

Osborn, Portell & Mooi

Oligocene

Suwannee Limestone

Flag of the United States.svg United States
(Flag of Florida.svg Florida)

A sea urchin belonging to the family Eupatagidae.

Gasterocoma americana [73]

Comb. nov

Valid

(Hall)

Devonian

Flag of the United States.svg United States
(Flag of New York.svg New York)

A crinoid belonging to the group Eucladida; moved from Myrtillocrinus americanus Hall.

Gasterocoma briareus [73]

Comb. nov

Valid

(Schultze)

Devonian

Flag of Germany.svg Germany

A crinoid belonging to the group Eucladida; moved from Taxocrinus briareus Schultze.

Gasterocoma curta [73]

Comb. nov

Valid

(Schmidt)

Devonian

Flag of Germany.svg Germany

A crinoid belonging to the group Eucladida; moved from Myrtillocrinus curtus Schmidt.

Gasterocoma eifeliana [73]

Comb. nov

Valid

(Müller)

Devonian

Flag of Germany.svg Germany

A crinoid belonging to the group Eucladida; moved from Lecythocrinus eifelianus Müller.

Gasterocoma eifeliense [73]

Comb. nov

Valid

(Müller)

Devonian

Flag of Germany.svg Germany

A crinoid belonging to the group Eucladida; moved from Ceramocrinus eifeliensis Müller.

Gasterocoma elongata [73]

Comb. nov

Valid

(Sandberger & Sandberger)

Devonian

Flag of Germany.svg Germany

A crinoid belonging to the group Eucladida; moved from Myrtillocrinus elongatus Sandberger & Sandberger.

Gasterocoma extensa [73]

Comb. nov

Valid

(Wachsmuth & Springer)

Devonian

Flag of the United States.svg United States
(Flag of Ohio.svg Ohio)

A crinoid belonging to the group Eucladida; moved from Arachnocrinus extensus Wachsmuth & Springer.

Gasterocoma ignota [73]

Comb. nov

Valid

(Stauffer)

Devonian

Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada
(Flag of Ontario.svg Ontario)

A crinoid belonging to the group Eucladida; moved from Arachnocrinus ignotus Stauffer.

Gasterocoma knappi [73]

Comb. nov

Valid

(Wachsmuth & Springer)

Devonian

Flag of the United States.svg United States
(Flag of Indiana.svg Indiana)

A crinoid belonging to the group Eucladida; moved from Arachnocrinus knappi Wachsmuth & Springer.

Gasterocoma onondagensis [73]

Nom. nov

Valid

Bohatý, Ausich & Ebert

Devonian

Flag of the United States.svg United States
(Flag of New York.svg New York)

A crinoid belonging to the group Eucladida; a replacement name for Schultzicrinus(?) elongatus Springer.

Gasterocoma orbiculata [73]

Comb. nov

Valid

(Dubatolova)

Devonian

Flag of Russia.svg Russia

A crinoid belonging to the group Eucladida; moved from Myrtillocrinus orbiculatus Dubatolova.

Gasterocoma (?) robusta [73]

Comb. nov

Valid

(Goldring)

Devonian

Flag of the United States.svg United States
(Flag of New York.svg New York)

A crinoid belonging to the group Eucladida; moved from Mictocrinus robustus Goldring.

Granulasterias [64]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Gale

Late Cretaceous (Campanian)

Kristianstad Basin

Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden

A starfish belonging to the family Asteriidae. The type species is G. ivoensis.

Haccourtaster berryensis [74]

Sp. nov

Valid

Gale & Jagt

Late Cretaceous (Turonian)

Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom

A member of the family Goniasteridae.

Haccourtaster liticola [74]

Sp. nov

Valid

Gale & Jagt

Late Cretaceous (Campanian)

Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden

A member of the family Goniasteridae.

Haccourtaster nattestadae [74]

Sp. nov

Valid

Gale & Jagt

Late Cretaceous (Coniacian)

Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark

A member of the family Goniasteridae.

Ivoaster [64]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Gale

Late Cretaceous (Campanian)

Kristianstad Basin

Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden

A starfish belonging to the family Goniasteridae. The type species is I. soerensenae.

Kukrusecrinus [75]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Rozhnov

Ordovician (Darriwilian and Sandbian)

Flag of Estonia.svg Estonia

A crinoid belonging to group Camerata and to the family Colpodecrinidae. The type species is K. stellatus. Published online in 2025, but the issue date is listed as December 2024.

Manfredaster graveseni [64]

Sp. nov

Valid

Gale

Late Cretaceous (Campanian)

Kristianstad Basin

Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden

A starfish belonging to the family Stauranderasteridae.

Metopaster asgaardae [64]

Sp. nov

Valid

Gale

Late Cretaceous (Campanian)

Kristianstad Basin

Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden

Moyacystis [67]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Paul

Silurian

Lewisburg Formation

Flag of the United States.svg United States
(Flag of Indiana.svg Indiana)

A blastozoan belonging to the group Diploporita and the family Holocystitidae. The type species is "Osgoodicystis" cooperi Frest & Strimple in Frest et al. (2011).

Neoholaster [76]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Borghi et al.

Miocene

Flag of Italy.svg Italy

A sea urchin. Genus includes new species N. albensis.

Nipponicrinus [77]

Gen. et 2 sp. nov

Valid

Keyes, Wright & Ausich

Carboniferous (Moscovian)

Akiyoshi Limestone Group

Flag of Japan.svg Japan

A camerate crinoid belonging to the group Monobathrida and the family Paragaricocrinidae. The type species is N. hashimotoi; genus also includes N. akiyoshiensis.

Nymphaster macrogranularis [64]

Sp. nov

Valid

Gale

Late Cretaceous (Campanian)

Kristianstad Basin

Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden

A species of Nymphaster .

Nymphaster minigranularis [64]

Sp. nov

Valid

Gale

Late Cretaceous (Campanian)

Kristianstad Basin

Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden

A species of Nymphaster.

Palenciacrinus [77]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Keyes, Wright & Ausich

Carboniferous (Moscovian)

Flag of Spain.svg Spain

A camerate crinoid belonging to the group Monobathrida and the family Paragaricocrinidae. The type species is P. mudaensis.

Paraconocrinus rodriguesensis [70]

Sp. nov

Valid

Roux, Thuy & Gale

Pliocene

Indian Ocean (Rodrigues Ridge)

A crinoid belonging to the family Rhizocrinidae.

Persoonaster [78]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Thuy, Numberger-Thuy & Gale

Early Jurassic (Hettangian)

Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium

A brittle star, a member of the stem group of Euryalida related to the Triassic genus Aspiduriella . The type species is "Mesophiomusium" kianiae Thuy (2005).

Plagiobrissus cassadyi [68]

Sp. nov

Valid

Osborn, Portell & Mooi

Oligocene

Marianna Limestone

Flag of the United States.svg United States
(Flag of Florida.svg Florida)

A species of Plagiobrissus .

Plumaster echinoides [66]

Sp. nov

Valid

Pauly & Villier

Middle Jurassic (Callovian)

Ornatenton Formation

Flag of Germany.svg Germany

A starfish belonging to the family Plumasteridae.

Polycidaris vadeti [72]

Sp. nov

Valid

Pauly

Middle Jurassic (Callovian)

Ornatenton Formation

Flag of Germany.svg Germany

A sea urchin belonging to the group Cidaroida and the family Polycidaridae.

Prionocidaris robertsi [68]

Sp. nov

Valid

Osborn, Portell & Mooi

Eocene

Ocala Limestone

Flag of the United States.svg United States
(Flag of Florida.svg Florida)

A species of Prionocidaris .

Procidaris relicta [72]

Sp. nov

Valid

Pauly

Middle Jurassic (Callovian)

Ornatenton Formation

Flag of Germany.svg Germany

A sea urchin belonging to the group Cidaroida and the family Miocidaridae.

Pulcheracrinus [77]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Keyes, Wright & Ausich

Carboniferous (Bashkirian)

Brentwood Limestone

Flag of the United States.svg United States
(Flag of Oklahoma.svg Oklahoma)

A camerate crinoid belonging to the group Monobathrida and the family Paragaricocrinidae. The type species is "Megaliocrinus" exotericus Strimple (1951).

Pycinaster christenseni [64]

Sp. nov

Valid

Gale

Late Cretaceous (Campanian)

Kristianstad Basin

Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden

A starfish belonging to the family Pycinasteridae.

Remaster cretaceus [64]

Sp. nov

Valid

Gale

Late Cretaceous (Campanian)

Kristianstad Basin

Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden

A starfish belonging to the family Korethrasteridae.

Rhyncholampas bao [68]

Sp. nov

Valid

Osborn, Portell & Mooi

Eocene

Ocala Limestone

Flag of the United States.svg United States
(Flag of Florida.svg Florida)

A species of Rhyncholampas .

Rhyncholampas mariannaensis [68]

Sp. nov

Valid

Osborn, Portell & Mooi

Eocene

Ocala Limestone

Flag of the United States.svg United States
(Flag of Florida.svg Florida)

A species of Rhyncholampas.

Rugametopaster [64]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Gale

Late Cretaceous (Santonian to Campanian)

Kristianstad Basin

Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden

A starfish belonging to the family Goniasteridae. The type species is "Metopaster" rugissimus Gale (1987).

Scaniasterina [64]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Gale

Late Cretaceous (Campanian)

Kristianstad Basin

Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden

A starfish belonging to the family Asterinidae. The type species is S. surlyki.

Schizaster carlsoni [68]

Sp. nov

Valid

Osborn, Portell & Mooi

Oligocene

Suwannee Limestone

Flag of the United States.svg United States
(Flag of Florida.svg Florida)

A species of Schizaster .

Semiometra alveoradiata [69]

Sp. nov

Valid

Saulsbury, Baumiller & Sprinkle

Early Cretaceous (Albian)

Glen Rose Formation

Flag of the United States.svg United States
(Flag of Texas.svg Texas)

A crinoid belonging to the group Comatulida and the family Notocrinidae.

Sprinkleoglobus spencensis [79]

Comb. nov

Valid

(Wen et al.)

Cambrian (Wuliuan)

Spence Shale

Flag of the United States.svg United States
(Flag of Idaho.svg Idaho
Flag of Utah.svg Utah)

A member of Edrioasteroidea; moved from Totiglobus spencensis Wen et al. (2019).

Tuscumbiacrinus [77]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Keyes, Wright & Ausich

Carboniferous (Viséan)

Tuscumbia Limestone

Flag of the United States.svg United States
(Flag of Alabama.svg Alabama)

A camerate crinoid belonging to the group Monobathrida and the family Paragaricocrinidae. The type species is T. madisonensis.

Vectisaster [64]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Gale

Late Cretaceous (Campanian)

Culver Chalk Formation

Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom

A starfish belonging to the family Podosphaerasteridae. The type species is V. enigmaticus.

Weisbordella inglisensis [68]

Sp. nov

Valid

Osborn, Portell & Mooi

Eocene

Ocala Limestone

Flag of the United States.svg United States
(Flag of Florida.svg Florida)

A sea urchin belonging to the family Neolaganidae.

Weisbordella libum [68]

Sp. nov

Valid

Osborn, Portell & Mooi

Eocene

Ocala Limestone

Flag of the United States.svg United States
(Flag of Florida.svg Florida)

A sea urchin belonging to the family Neolaganidae.

Echinoderm research

Hemichordates

NameNoveltyStatusAuthorsAgeType localityCountryNotesImages

Paradiversograptus lucianae [88]

Sp. nov

Valid

Lopez et al.

Silurian (Llandovery)

Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina

A graptolite.

Pristiograptus eberi [88]

Sp. nov

Valid

Lopez et al.

Silurian (Llandovery)

Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina

A graptolite.

Hemichordate research

Conodonts

NameNoveltyStatusAuthorsAgeType localityCountryNotesImages

Acanthodistacodus [97]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Tolmacheva, Dronov & Lykov

Ordovician

Flag of Russia.svg Russia

The type species is "Scolopodus" consimilis Moskalenko, (1973); genus also includes A. compositus (Moskalenko, 1973). Published online in 2025, but the issue date is listed as December 2024.

Aloxoconus acutus [98]

Sp. nov

Valid

Zhen in Zhen et al.

Ordovician

Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia

Amadeognathus [98]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Zhen in Zhen et al.

Ordovician

Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia

The type species is "Acodus" buetefueri Cooper (1981).

Ancyrogondolella castillionensis [99]

Sp. nov

Orchard, Friedman & Mihalynuk

Late Triassic (Norian)

Selish Formation

Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada
(Flag of British Columbia.svg British Columbia)

Ancyrogondolella ferrata [99]

Sp. nov

Orchard, Friedman & Mihalynuk

Late Triassic (Norian)

Selish Formation

Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada
(Flag of British Columbia.svg British Columbia)

Boardmanites [100]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Barrick & Nestell

Carboniferous–Permian

Flag of the United States.svg United States

The type species is B. conflexa (Ellison, 1941).

Borinella dibucoensis [101]

Sp. nov

Li et al.

Early Triassic (Olenekian)

Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China

Borinella? prima [102]

Sp. nov

Leu & Goudemand in Leu et al.

Early Triassic (Olenekian)

Khunamuh Formation

Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada
(Flag of British Columbia.svg British Columbia)
Flag of India.svg India
Flag of Oman.svg Oman

A member of the family Gondolellidae.

Coelocerodontus lindsayae [98]

Sp. nov

Valid

Zhen in Zhen et al.

Ordovician

Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia

Cooperignathus? pincallyensis [98]

Sp. nov

Valid

Zhen in Zhen et al.

Ordovician

Tabita Formation

Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia

Drepanoistodus barnesi [98]

Sp. nov

Valid

Zhen in Zhen et al.

Ordovician

Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia

Drepanoistodus decisus [98]

Sp. nov

Valid

Zhen in Zhen et al.

Ordovician

Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia

Icriodus aqua [103]

Sp. nov

Valid

Soboleva & Nazarova

Devonian (Frasnian)

Ust'-Yarega Formation

Flag of Russia.svg Russia

Icriodus lacrima [103]

Sp. nov

Valid

Soboleva & Nazarova

Devonian (Frasnian)

Ust'-Yarega Formation

Flag of Russia.svg Russia

Idiognathodus anteparallelus [104]

Sp. nov

Valid

Hu, Qi & Wei

Carboniferous (Moscovian)

Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China

Idiognathodus prosonimius [104]

Sp. nov

Valid

Hu, Qi & Wei

Carboniferous (Moscovian)

Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China

Idiognathodus zhuotingi [104]

Sp. nov

Valid

Hu, Qi & Wei

Carboniferous (Moscovian)

Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China

Lissoepikodus ethingtoni [98]

Sp. nov

Valid

Zhen in Zhen et al.

Ordovician

Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia

Neospathodus aristatus [102]

Sp. nov

Leu & Goudemand in Leu et al.

Early Triassic

Khunamuh Formation

Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China
Flag of India.svg India
Flag of Japan.svg Japan

Neospathodus diminutus [105]

Sp. nov

Han et al.

Early Triassic

Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan

Neospathodus guryulensis [102]

Sp. nov

Leu & Goudemand in Leu et al.

Early Triassic

Khunamuh Formation

Flag of India.svg India

Neospathodus prolixus [105]

Sp. nov

Han et al.

Early Triassic

Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan

Oistodus panderi [98]

Sp. nov

Valid

Zhen in Zhen et al.

Ordovician

Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia

Pachycladina shiquania [106]

Sp. nov

Wu, Ji & Lash

Triassic

Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China

Paltodus simplex [107]

Sp. nov

Zhen et al.

Cambrian–Ordovician transition

Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia

Pelekysgnathus crispus [108]

Sp. nov

Corriga, Ferretti & Corradini

Silurian

Flag of Italy.svg Italy

A member of Prioniodontida belonging to the family Icriodontidae.

Plectodina maloneyensis [98]

Sp. nov

Valid

Zhen in Zhen et al.

Ordovician

Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia

Polygnathus ovaliformis [109]

Sp. nov

Valid

Izokh

Devonian

Flag of Russia.svg Russia

Resinodus [110]

Gen. et sp. nov

Mango & Albanesi

Ordovician (Dapingian)

San Juan Formation

Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina

Genus includes new species R. nalamamacatus.

Scalpellodus crespinae [98]

Sp. nov

Valid

Zhen in Zhen et al.

Ordovician

Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia

Trapezognathus morenensis [111]

Sp. nov

Rueda, Albanesi & Ortega

Ordovician (Floian)

Acoite Formation

Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina

Triangulodus obesus [98]

Sp. nov

Valid

Zhen in Zhen et al.

Ordovician

Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia

Tripodus precolaevis [110]

Sp. nov

Mango & Albanesi

Ordovician (Dapingian)

San Juan Formation

Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina

Variabiloconus australis [98]

Sp. nov

Valid

Zhen in Zhen et al.

Ordovician

Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia

Variabiloconus delicatus [107]

Sp. nov

Zhen et al.

Cambrian–Ordovician transition

Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia

Wurmiella arcuata [108]

Sp. nov

Corriga, Ferretti & Corradini

Silurian

Flag of Italy.svg Italy

A member of Ozarkodinida belonging to the family Spathognathodontidae.

Wurmiella lucae [108]

Sp. nov

Corriga, Ferretti & Corradini

Silurian

Flag of Italy.svg Italy

A member of Ozarkodinida belonging to the family Spathognathodontidae.

Wurmiella pulchra [108]

Sp. nov

Corriga, Ferretti & Corradini

Silurian

Flag of Italy.svg Italy

A member of Ozarkodinida belonging to the family Spathognathodontidae.

Wurmiella silurica [108]

Sp. nov

Corriga, Ferretti & Corradini

Silurian

Flag of Italy.svg Italy

A member of Ozarkodinida belonging to the family Spathognathodontidae.

Conodont research

Fish

Amphibians

NameNoveltyStatusAuthorsAgeType localityCountryNotesImages

Ariekanerpeton kuedensis [114]

Sp. nov

Valid

Bulanov

Permian (Kungurian-Roadian)

Flag of Russia.svg Russia
(Flag of Perm Krai.svg Perm Krai)

A discosauriscid seymouriamorph. A species of Ariekanerpeton .

Buxierophus [115]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Werneburg, Logghe & Steyer

Permian

Flag of France.svg France

A dissorophid temnospondyl. The type species is B. pouilloni.

Duffaudiella [116]

Gen. et sp. nov

Macaluso et al.

Eocene

Flag of France.svg France

A salamander belonging to the family Salamandridae. The type species is D. paleogenica.

Dynamognathus [117]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Gunnin et al.

Pliocene

Gray Fossil Site

Flag of the United States.svg United States
(Flag of Tennessee.svg Tennessee)

A salamander belonging to the family Plethodontidae. The type species is D. robertsoni.

Eotriton [116]

Gen. et comb. nov

Macaluso et al.

Eocene

Flag of Germany.svg Germany

A salamander belonging to the family Salamandridae. The type species is E. weigelti (Herre, 1935).

Huangfuchuansuchus [118] Gen. et sp. novChen & LiuEarly Triassic Heshanggou Formation Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China A temnospondyl belonging to the clade Capitosauria. The type species is H. haojiamaoensis.

Litoria tylerantiqua [119]

Sp. nov

Farman, Archer & Hand

Eocene

Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia

A species of Litoria .

Philoria godthelpi [120]

Sp. nov

Valid

Farman, Archer & Hand

Miocene

Riversleigh World Heritage Area

Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia

A species of Philoria .

Rhineceps karibaensis [121]

Sp. nov

Valid

Steyer & Sidor

Permian (Lopingian)

Madumabisa Mudstone Formation

Flag of Zambia.svg Zambia

A rhinesuchid temnospondyl. A species of Rhineceps .

Venczelibatrachus [122]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Vasilyan & Macaluso

Paleocene

Flag of Germany.svg Germany

A frog belonging to the family Alytidae. The type species is V. palaeocenicus.

Xerocephalella [123]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Muzzopappa, Bargo & Vizcaíno

Paleocene and Eocene

Salamanca Formation

Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina

A new genus for "Calyptocephalella" sabrosa Muzzopappa et al. (2020); genus also includes "Calyptocephalella" pichileufensis Gómez, Báez & Muzzopappa (2011).

Amphibian research

Reptiles

Synapsids

Non-mammalian synapsids

NameNoveltyStatusAuthorsAgeType localityCountryNotesImages

Arboroharamiya fuscus [146]

Sp. nov

Valid

Li et al.

Jurassic

Tiaojishan Formation

Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China

Arctops umulunshi [147]

Sp. nov

Valid

Mann & Sidor

Permian (Lopingian)

Madumabisa Mudstone Formation

Flag of Zambia.svg Zambia

A gorgonopsian. A species of Arctops .

Aulacephalodon kapoliwacela [148]

Sp. nov

Valid

Thomas, Angielczyk & Peecook

Permian (Lopingian)

Madumabisa Mudstone Formation

Flag of Zambia.svg Zambia

A geikiid dicynodont. A species of Aulacephalodon .

Bienotheroides wucaiensis [149]

Sp. nov

Liu et al.

Late Jurassic

Shishugou Formation

Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China

A tritylodontid cynodont.

Cradognathus [150]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Lloyd & Durand

Permian (Changhsingian)

Balfour Formation

Flag of South Africa.svg South Africa

A therocephalian belonging to the family Akidnognathidae. The type species is "Hewittia" albanensis Brink (1959).

Dicynodontoides kubwa [151]

Sp. nov

Valid

Shipps, Sidor & Angielczyk

Permian (Lopingian)

Usili Formation

Flag of Tanzania.svg Tanzania

A kingoriid dicynodont. A species of Dicynodontoides .

Euptychognathus kingae [152]

Sp. nov

Valid

Kammerer, Angielczyk & Fröbisch

Permian (Lopingian)

Madumabisa Mudstone Formation

Flag of Zambia.svg Zambia

A lystrosaurid dicynodont. A species of Euptychognathus .

Lystrosauravus [152]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Kammerer, Angielczyk & Fröbisch

Permian (Lopingian)

Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone (Beaufort Group)

Flag of South Africa.svg South Africa

A lystrosaurid dicynodont. The type species is L. bothae.

Madumabisa [152]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Kammerer, Angielczyk & Fröbisch

Permian (Lopingian)

Madumabisa Mudstone Formation

Flag of Zambia.svg Zambia

A lystrosaurid dicynodont. The type species is M. opainion.

Mdomowabata [153]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Angielczyk & Otoo

Permian (Lopingian)

Usili Formation

Flag of Tanzania.svg Tanzania

A cryptodontian dicynodont. The type species M. trilobops.

Nujalikodon [154]

Gen. et sp. nov

Patrocínio et al.

Early Jurassic (Hettangian)

Rhætelv Formation

Flag of Greenland.svg Greenland

A member or a close relative of Docodonta. The type species is N. cassiopeiae.

Synapsid research

  • Review of studies on the morphology and evolution of brains of synapsids, their sense organs, endothermy and behavior from the preceding years is published by Bolton, Mangera & Benoit (2025). [155]
  • Evidence from a comparative study of skull anatomy of non-mammalian synapsids and extant chameleons, interpreted as consistent with the presence a mandibular middle ear in early synapsids, is presented by Olroyd & Kopperud (2025). [156]
  • A study on changes in humerus and femur of synapsids throughout their evolutionary history is published by Bishop & Pierce (2025). [157]
  • A study on changes of shape of the humerus and changes of posture of synapsids throughout their evolutionary history is published by Brocklehurst et al. (2025), who interpret ancestral synapsids as sprawling but morphologically distinct from extant sprawling animals, and interpret the evolution of posture of modern therian mammals as resulting from successive synapsid radiations with varied postures rather than from a direct progression from sprawling to therian-like posture. [158]
  • A study on the diversity of varanopids throughout their evolutionary history is published by Laurin & Didier (2025), who find no evidence for an end-Kungurian extinction event, and interpret the extinction of varanopids as likely related to the Capitanian mass extinction event. [159]
  • Marchetti et al. (2025) describe sphenacodontid body impressions (probably produced by a group of four individuals) from the Permian (Sakmarian) Tambach Formation (Germany), providing evidence of presence of epidermal scales in sphenacodontids, and name a new ichnotaxon Bromackerichnus requiescens . [160]
  • Nieke, Fröbisch & Canoville (2025) study the histology of limb bones of Suminia getmanovi , interpreted as consistent with an arboreal lifestyle. [161]
  • Benoit & Jodder (2025) describe new fossil material of Kombuisia frerensis from the Anisian Burgersdorp Formation (South Africa), confirming the absence of the parietal foramen in members of this species. [162]
  • Description of the anatomy of the postcranial skeleton of Kembawacela kitchingi is published by Abbott et al. (2025). [163]
  • A study on the skeletal anatomy and phylogenetic affinities of Rastodon procurvidens is published by Silva et al. (2025), who recover the studied dicynodont as the first known South American member of the family Kingoriidae. [164]
  • Matamales-Andreu et al. (2025) describe probable gorgonopsian footprints from the Permian strata of the Port des Canonge Formation (Spain), and name a new ichnotaxon Algarpes ferus . [165]
  • A study on the bone histology of an indeterminate gorgonopsian specimen from the Permian strata of the upper Madumabisa Mudstone Formation (Zambia), providing evidence of slower growth than in gorgonopsians from the Karoo Basin, is published by Kulik (2025). [166]
  • Macungo, Benoit & Araújo (2025) describe fossil material of Inostrancevia africana from the Permian strata of the K6a2 Member of the Metangula graben (Mozambique), supporting its correlation with the Daptocephalus Assemblage Zone in South Africa. [167]
  • Cookson and Mann (2025) re-examine two historic skulls of Lycaenops assigned to L. angusticeps and L. cf. L. angusticeps and reassess their taxonomy. [168]
  • Liu & Abdala (2025) describe new specimens of Jiucaiyuangnathus confusus from the Lower Triassic Jiucaiyuan Formation (China), interpret known specimens as early juveniles, as revise the diagnostic features of the studied taxon. [169]
  • Filippini, Abdala & Cassini (2025) provide new estimates of body mass for Andescynodon , Pascualgnathus , Massetognathus , Cynognathus and Exaeretodon . [170]
  • Kerber et al. (2025) describe traversodontid postcranial material from the Pinheiros-Chiniquá Sequence at the Linha Várzea 1 site (Brazil), representing a morphotype distinct from other traversodontid postcranial remains from this locality. [171]
  • A study on the bone histology of Luangwa drysdalli and Scalenodon angustifrons , providing evidence of different life histories of the studied cynodonts, is published by Kulik (2025). [172]
  • A study on the anatomy of the postcranial skeleton of Luangwa sudamericana is published by Souza et al. (2025). [173]
  • Medina et al. (2025) provide new information on the anatomy of the cranial endocast of Massetognathus pascuali , and describe the maxillary canal of the studied cynodont. [174]
  • A study on changes in the skull anatomy of Siriusgnathus niemeyerorum during its ontogeny is published by Roese-Miron & Kerber (2025). [175]
  • New specimen of Exaeretodon riograndensis , providing new information on the postcranial anatomy of members of this species, is described by Kerber et al. (2025). [176]
  • A specimen of Exaeretodon riograndensis affected by traumatic fracture of ribs that limited its locomotion capabilities, and possibly surviving with help of other members of its group, is described from the Upper Triassic strata of the Santa Maria Supersequence (Brazil) by Doneda, Roese–Miron & Kerber (2025). [177]
  • New information on the skull anatomy of Trucidocynodon riograndensis is provided by Kerber et al. (2025). [178]
  • Dotto et al. (2025) describe fossil material of a prozostrodontian cynodont from the Upper Triassic strata from the Buriol site (Hyperodapedon Assemblage Zone, Brazil), providing new information on the morphological diversity of teeth of Carnian probainognathians. [179]
  • New information on the anatomy of Yuanotherium minor is provided by Liu, Ren & Mao (2025). [180]
  • Description of the endocranial anatomy of Bienotheroides is published by Ren et al. (2025). [181]
  • Averianov et al. (2025) report evidence of a dentary–squamosal jaw articulation in Xenocretosuchus sibiricus , providing evidence of development of such jaw articulation in a tritylodontid independently from those observed in tritheledontids and mammaliaforms. [182]
  • Wang et al. (2025) describe a new mandible of Fossiomanus sinensis from the Lower Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation (China), providing new information on the mandible shape and tooth morphology of members of this species. [183]
  • Hai et al. (2025) describe a mandible of a juvenile specimen of Sinoconodon rigneyi from the Lower Jurassic Lufeng Formation (China), providing new information on tooth replacement in members of this species. [184]
  • Tumelty & Lautenschlager (2025) study the skull anatomy of Hadrocodium wui , and interpret the studied mammaliaform as not fully fossorial. [185]

Mammals

Other animals

NameNoveltyStatusAuthorsAgeType localityCountryNotesImages

Archaeaphorme [186]

Gen. et sp. nov

Botting et al.

Ordovician (Hirnantian)

Anji Biota

Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China

A hexactinellid sponge. The type species is A. conica.

Blastulospongia bouliaensis [187]

Sp. nov

Valid

Sheng & Aitchison

Cambrian (Drumian–Guzhangian)

Devoncourt Limestone

Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia

A demosponge belonging to the group Agelasida and the family Sebargasiidae.

Bruckneria [188]

Nom. nov

Valid

Hsu & Hsiao

Late Cretaceous (Coniacian)

Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark

A hexactinellid sponge belonging to the family Euplectellidae; a replacement name for Walteriella Brückner (2006).

Charnia ewinoni [189]

Sp. nov

Valid

Pasinetti et al.

Ediacaran

Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada
(Flag of Newfoundland and Labrador.svg Newfoundland and Labrador)

Chiastoclonella globula [190]

Sp. nov

Valid

Rhebergen & Van Keulen

Ordovician

Flag of Germany.svg Germany

A demosponge belonging to the group Orchocladina and the family Chiastoclonellidae.

Chiastoclonella incrustans [190]

Sp. nov

Valid

Rhebergen & Van Keulen

Ordovician

Flag of Germany.svg Germany
Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands

A demosponge belonging to the group Orchocladina and the family Chiastoclonellidae.

Chiastodiscus [190]

Gen. et 2 sp. nov

Valid

Rhebergen & Van Keulen

Ordovician

Flag of Estonia.svg Estonia
Flag of Germany.svg Germany
Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands
Flag of Russia.svg Russia
Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden

A demosponge belonging to the group Orchocladina and the family Chiastoclonellidae. The type species is C. verrucosus; genus also includes C. regularis.

Choia qingjiangensis [191]

Sp. nov

Valid

Wu et al.

Cambrian Stage 3

Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China

A demosponge.

Choia textura [191]

Sp. nov

Valid

Wu et al.

Cambrian Stage 3

Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China

A demosponge.

Crateromorpha? (Neopsacas?) macrospicula [186]

Sp. nov

Botting et al.

Ordovician (Hirnantian)

Anji Biota

Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China

A hexactinellid sponge.

Crestjahitus groenlandicus [27]

Sp. nov

Valid

Peel

Cambrian (Wuliuan)

Henson Gletscher Formation

Flag of Greenland.svg Greenland

A member of Hyolithida.

Cryptosiphon oboloides [192]

Sp. nov

Valid

Vinn in Vinn et al.

Cambrian (Furongian)

Tsitre Formation

Flag of Estonia.svg Estonia

A possible polychaete.

Cryptothelion sujkowskii [193]

Sp. nov

Valid

Świerczewska-Gładysz & Jurkowska

Late Cretaceous (Campanian)

Flag of Poland.svg Poland

A demosponge.

Elegantilites custos [194]

Sp. nov

Valent, Fatka & Budil

Ordovician

Dobrotivá Formation

Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czech Republic

A member of Hyolitha.

Eorosselloides [186]

Gen. et sp. nov

Botting et al.

Ordovician (Hirnantian)

Anji Biota

Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China

A hexactinellid sponge. The type species is E. antiquus.

Fimbulispina [195]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Peel

Cambrian (Drumian)

Fimbuldal Formation

Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China
Flag of Greenland.svg Greenland

A relative of gnathiferans, particularly resembling Dakorhachis . The type species is F. laurentica.

Juracanthocephalus [196]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Luo et al.

Middle Jurassic

Jiulongshan Formation

Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China

A member of Acanthocephala. The type species is J. daohugouensis.

Kraytdraco [197]

Gen. et sp. nov

Mussini et al.

Cambrian

Bright Angel Shale

Flag of the United States.svg United States
(Flag of Arizona.svg Arizona)

A member of Priapulida. The type species is K. spectatus.

Longgangia [198]

Gen. et sp. nov

Wang et al.

Cambrian (Wuliuan)

Mantou Formation

Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China

A probable annelid. The type species is L. bilamellata.

Lophiostroma leizunia [199]

Sp. nov

Jeon et al.

Ordovician

Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China

A member of Stromatoporoidea.

Nektognathus [200]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Vinther et al.

Cambrian

Sirius Passet Lagerstätte

Flag of Greenland.svg Greenland

A member of the family Nectocarididae. The type species is N. evasmithae.

Niquivilispongia [201]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Carrera, Botting & Cañas

Ordovician (Dapingian)

San Juan Formation

Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina

A sponge belonging to the group Heteractinida, possibly a member of the family Astraeospongiidae. The type species is N. asteria.

Olgunia [202]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Luzhnaya

Ediacaran

Flag of Russia.svg Russia

An animal with colonial organization, possibly a sponge or a coelenterate-grade animal. Genus includes new species O. bondarenkoae.

Pentaditrupa nickcavei [203]

Sp. nov

Valid

Kočí et al.

Paleocene (Selandian)

Kerteminde Marl Formation

Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark

A polychaete belonging to the family Serpulidae.

Primocyathus [204]

Gen. et sp. nov

Wang & Xiaoin Wang et al.

Cambrian (Fortunian)

Kuanchuanpu Formation

Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China

A member of Archaeocyatha belonging to the group Ajacicyathida. The type species is P. uniseriatus.

Propomatoceros lathahypossiae [205]

Sp. nov

Valid

Beschin et al.

Eocene

Flag of Italy.svg Italy

A serpulid annelid.

Pseudanoxycalyx [186]

Gen. et sp. nov

Botting et al.

Ordovician (Hirnantian)

Anji Biota

Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China

A hexactinellid sponge. The type species is P. verrucosus.

Scalidodendron [206]

Gen. et sp. nov

Mussini & Butterfield

Cambrian

Hess River Formation

Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada
Flag of the Northwest Territories.svg Northwest Territories

A scalidophoran. The type species is S. crypticum.

Sinocyathus [204]

Gen. et sp. nov

Wang & Xiaoin Wang et al.

Cambrian (Fortunian)

Kuanchuanpu Formation

Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China

A member of Archaeocyatha belonging to the group Ajacicyathida. The type species is S. biseriatus.

Spiraserpula iverseni [207]

Sp. nov

Valid

Kočí & Goedert

Oligocene

Pysht Formation

Flag of the United States.svg United States
(Flag of Washington.svg Washington)

A serpulid annelid.

Tulaneia [208]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Runnegar & Horodyski in Runnegar et al.

Probably latest Ediacaran

Wood Canyon Formation

Flag of the United States.svg United States
(Flag of Nevada.svg Nevada)

An erniettomorph. The type species is T. amabilia.

Wilsumispongia [190]

Gen. et 3 sp. nov

Valid

Rhebergen & Van Keulen

Ordovician

Flag of Germany.svg Germany
Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands

A demosponge belonging to the group Orchocladina and the family Chiastoclonellidae. The type species is W. cylindrica; genus also includes W. cratera and W. conica.

Yanchangparapandorina [209]

Gen. et sp. nov

Gan & Liu in Gan et al.

Triassic

Yanchang Formation

Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China

A probable animal embryo, possibly an embryo of an aquatic arthropod at the cleavage stage. The type species is Y. inornata.

Other animal research

Foraminifera

NameNoveltyStatusAuthorsAgeType localityLocationNotesImages

Alexnoguesina [243]

Nom. nov

Valid

Consorti, Caus & Le Coze

Late Cretaceous

Flag of Spain.svg Spain

A replacement name for Alexina Hottinger & Caus (2009).

Bolivilongella [244]

Gen. et 2 sp. nov

Valid

Ismail et al.

Miocene

Flag of Egypt.svg Egypt

A member of Bolivinoididae. Genus includes B. longata and B. semilongata.

Borelis dizerae [245]

Sp. nov

Acar & Bozkurt

Eocene (Priabonian)

Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey

A member of the family Alveolinidae.

Borelis sozerii [245]

Sp. nov

Acar & Bozkurt

Eocene (Priabonian)

Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey

A member of the family Alveolinidae.

Bulbobaculites attashensis [246]

Sp. nov

Valid

Jalloh & Kaminski in Jalloh et al.

Middle Jurassic (Callovian)

Dhruma Formation

Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabia

A member of Lituolida belonging to the family Ammobaculinidae.

Calvezina anatolica [247]

Sp. nov

Altıner et al.

Permian (Changhsingian)

Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey

A member of Nodosariata belonging to the family Robuloididae.

Canalispina zagrosia [248]

Sp. nov

Ghanbarloo, Safari & Görmüş

Late Cretaceous (Campanian to Maastrichtian)

Tarbur Formation

Flag of Iran.svg Iran

A member of the family Siderolitidae.

Eomarginulinella galinae [247]

Sp. nov

Altıner et al.

Permian (Changhsingian)

Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey

A member of Nodosariata belonging to the family Robuloididae.

Flabellogaudryina [249]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Kaminski & Korin

Eocene

Rashrashiyah Formation

Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabia

A member of Pseudogaudryininae. The type species is F. sirhanensis.

Frondicularia arctica [250]

Sp. nov

Valid

Yadrenkin

Triassic

Flag of Russia.svg Russia

Gavelinella praestelligera [251]

Sp. nov

Jarvis, Dubicka & Chroustová

Late Cretaceous (Santonian)

Seaford Chalk Formation

Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom

Gavelinella praethalmanni [251]

Sp. nov

Jarvis, Dubicka & Chroustová

Late Cretaceous (Coniacian)

Seaford Chalk Formation

Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom

Gavelinella praetumida [251]

Sp. nov

Jarvis, Dubicka & Chroustová

Late Cretaceous (Coniacian)

Lewes Nodular Chalk Formation

Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom

Glomomidiellopsis? okayi [247]

Sp. nov

Altıner et al.

Permian (Capitanian to Changhsingian)

Flag of Cambodia.svg Cambodia
Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey

A member of Miliolata belonging to the family Hemigordiopsidae.

Glomospira kaminskii [252]

Sp. nov

Hikmahtiar

Paleocene (Danian)

Scaglia Rossa Formation

Flag of Italy.svg Italy

A member of the family Ammodiscidae.

Hereceina [245]

Gen. et sp. nov

Acar & Bozkurt

Eocene (Priabonian)

Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey

A calcarinid. The type species is H. spinigera.

Laxoendothyra parakosvensis gracilis [253]

Ssp. nov

Okuyucu et al.

Devonian-Carboniferous transition

Yılanlı Formation

Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey

Loftusia tarburica [248]

Sp. nov

Ghanbarloo, Safari & Görmüş

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)

Tarbur Formation

Flag of Iran.svg Iran

A member of the family Loftusiidae.

Nigrispiroides [254]

Gen. et comb. nov

Krainer, Lucas & Vachard

Carboniferous

Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada
(Flag of Yukon.svg Yukon)
Flag of Iran.svg Iran
Flag of Peru.svg Peru
Flag of the United States.svg United States
(Flag of Arkansas.svg Arkansas
Flag of Idaho.svg Idaho
Flag of New Mexico.svg New Mexico
Flag of Oklahoma.svg Oklahoma
Flag of Texas.svg Texas)

The type species is "Monotaxinoides" melanogaster Yarahmadzahi & Vachard (2019).

Omphalocyclus tarburensis [248]

Sp. nov

Ghanbarloo, Safari & Görmüş

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)

Tarbur Formation

Flag of Iran.svg Iran

A member of the family Orbitoididae.

Paraglobivalvulina? intermedia [247]

Sp. nov

Altıner et al.

Permian (Capitanian to Changhsingian)

Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey

A member of Fusulinata belonging to the family Globivalvulinidae.

Plectorobuloides [247]

Gen. et sp. nov

Altıner et al.

Permian (Changhsingian)

Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey

A member of Nodosariata belonging to the family Robuloididae. The type species is P. taurica.

Protostensioeina ukrainica [251]

Sp. nov

Jarvis, Dubicka & Chroustová

Late Cretaceous (Santonian)

Seaford Chalk Formation

Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom

Pseudocryptomorphina [247]

Gen. et sp. nov

Altıner et al.

Permian (Changhsingian)

Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey

A member of Nodosariata, possibly belonging to the family Robuloididae. The type species is P. amplimuralis.

Pseudomidiella sahini [247]

Sp. nov

Altıner et al.

Permian (Changhsingian)

Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey

A member of Miliolata belonging to the family Midiellidae.

Pseudorobuloides [247]

Gen. et sp. nov

Altıner et al.

Permian (Lopingian)

Flag of Iran.svg Iran
Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey

A member of Nodosariata belonging to the family Robuloididae. The type species is P. reicheli.

Pualacana [255]

Gen. et 2 sp. et comb. nov

Valid

Barros, Haig & McCartain

Middle and Late Triassic

Aitutu Group

Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China
Flag of Italy.svg Italy
Flag of East Timor.svg Timor-Leste
Flag of the United States.svg United States
(Flag of Alaska.svg Alaska)

A member of the family Variostomatidae. The type species is P. hortai; genus also includes new species P. xananai, as well as P. bilimbata (Hu in He & Hu, 1977), P. acutoangulata (Kristan-Tollmann, 1973), P. catilliforme (Kristan-Tollmann, 1960), P. cochlea (Kristan-Tollmann, 1960), P. crassum (Kristan-Tollmann, 1960), P. exile (Kristan-Tollmann, 1960), P. falcata (Kristan-Tollmann, 1973), P. hadrolimbata (Hu in He & Hu, 1977), P. helicta (Tappan, 1951), P. oberhauseri (Vettorel, 1988) and P. pralongense (Kristan-Tollmann, 1960).

Robuloides lata [247]

Sp. nov

Altıner et al.

Permian (Changhsingian)

Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey

A member of Nodosariata belonging to the family Robuloididae.

Robuloides? rettorii [247]

Sp. nov

Altıner et al.

Permian (Changhsingian)

Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey

A member of Nodosariata belonging to the family Robuloididae.

Robustopachyphloia farinacciae [247]

Sp. nov

Altıner et al.

Permian (Changhsingian)

Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey

A member of Nodosariata belonging to the family Pachyphloiidae.

Siderolites persica [248]

Sp. nov

Ghanbarloo, Safari & Görmüş

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)

Tarbur Formation

Flag of Iran.svg Iran

A member of the family Siderolitidae.

Solimanina [256]

Gen. et comb. nov

Shreif et al.

Eocene

Flag of Egypt.svg Egypt

A nummulitid. The type species is "Operculina" canalifera d'Archiac & Haime (1853).

Stensioeina praeexsculpta [251]

Sp. nov

Jarvis, Dubicka & Chroustová

Late Cretaceous (Coniacian)

Seaford Chalk Formation

Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom

Foraminiferal research

Other organisms

NameNoveltyStatusAuthorsAgeType localityLocationNotesImages

Baltisphaeridium iranense [263]

Sp. nov

Ghavidel-Syooki

Ordovician

Ghelli Formation

Flag of Iran.svg Iran

An acritarch.

Baltisphaeridium tillabadensis [263]

Sp. nov

Ghavidel-Syooki

Ordovician

Ghelli Formation

Flag of Iran.svg Iran

An acritarch.

Belonechitina iranense [263]

Sp. nov

Ghavidel-Syooki

Ordovician

Ghelli Formation

Flag of Iran.svg Iran

A chitinozoan.

Bullatosphaera? colliformis [264]

Sp. nov

Valid

Ouyang et al.

Ediacaran

Doushantuo Formation

Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China

An acanthomorph acritarch.

Corollasphaeridium lissum [265]

Sp. nov

Green et al.

Cambrian

Forteau Formation

Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada
(Flag of Newfoundland and Labrador.svg Newfoundland and Labrador)

A eukaryote of uncertain affinities, possibly a testate/loricate protist.

Cornuferifusa persianense [263]

Sp. nov

Ghavidel-Syooki

Ordovician

Ghelli Formation

Flag of Iran.svg Iran

An acritarch.

Cycliomedusa [266]

Sp. nov

Zhao et al.

Ediacaran

Dengying Formation

Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China

A discoidal macrofossil, reminiscent of the medusae and other medusoid forms from the Neoproterozoic. The type species is C. jiangchuanensis.

Dorsennidium iranense [263]

Sp. nov

Ghavidel-Syooki

Ordovician

Ghelli Formation

Flag of Iran.svg Iran

An acritarch.

Eotylotopalla inflata [264]

Sp. nov

Valid

Ouyang et al.

Ediacaran

Doushantuo Formation

Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China

An acanthomorph acritarch.

Excultibrachium jahandidehii [263]

Sp. nov

Ghavidel-Syooki

Ordovician

Ghelli Formation

Flag of Iran.svg Iran

An acritarch.

Hensonidendra [27]

Gen. et 2 sp. nov

Valid

Peel

Cambrian (Wuliuan)

Henson Gletscher Formation

Flag of Greenland.svg Greenland

An organism of uncertain affinities, with similarities to cyanobacteria from the family Epiphytaceae. The type species is H. tavsenica; genus also includes H. hensoniensis.

Lagenochitina postpirum [267]

Sp. nov

Camina et al.

Devonian

Los Monos Formation

Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina

A chitinozoan.

Laugephakos [27]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Peel

Cambrian (Wuliuan)

Henson Gletscher Formation

Flag of Greenland.svg Greenland

Tubes of an organism of uncertain affinities. The type species is L. groenlandicus.

Navifusa caspiansis [263]

Sp. nov

Ghavidel-Syooki

Ordovician

Ghelli Formation

Flag of Iran.svg Iran

An acritarch.

Nyfrieslandia kelimoli [268]

Sp. nov

Wu et al.

Ordovician (Darriwilian)

Kelimoli Formation

Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China

A radiolarian.

Oppilatala persianense [263]

Sp. nov

Ghavidel-Syooki

Ordovician

Ghelli Formation

Flag of Iran.svg Iran

An acritarch.

Pirea shahroudensis [263]

Sp. nov

Ghavidel-Syooki

Ordovician

Ghelli Formation

Flag of Iran.svg Iran

An acritarch.

Pistillachitina alborzensis [263]

Sp. nov

Ghavidel-Syooki

Ordovician

Ghelli Formation

Flag of Iran.svg Iran

A chitinozoan.

Pistillachitina iranense [263]

Sp. nov

Ghavidel-Syooki

Ordovician

Ghelli Formation

Flag of Iran.svg Iran

A chitinozoan.

Pyramidinium [269]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Razumkova

Cretaceous (Albian–Cenomanian)

Flag of Russia.svg Russia

An acritarch. Genus includes new species P. annulatum.

Ramochitina durandi [267]

Sp. nov

Camina et al.

Devonian

Los Monos Formation

Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina

A chitinozoan.

Stellechinatum khoshyeilaghensis [263]

Sp. nov

Ghavidel-Syooki

Ordovician

Ghelli Formation

Flag of Iran.svg Iran

An acritarch.

Trilobatina [269]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Razumkova

Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)

Uvat Formation

Flag of Russia.svg Russia

An acritarch. Genus includes new species T. angusta.

Verrucosphaera? undulata [264]

Sp. nov

Valid

Ouyang et al.

Ediacaran

Doushantuo Formation

Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China

An acanthomorph acritarch.

Research on other organisms

History of life in general

Other research

Paleoclimate

References

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