Developer(s) | Microsoft |
---|---|
Initial release | January 5, 2002 |
Stable release | 4.8.1 / August 9, 2022 [1] |
Repository | |
Written in | .NET languages |
Operating system | Microsoft Windows, Linux, macOS |
Platform | .NET Framework |
Type | Web framework |
License | Proprietary software [2] |
Website | dotnet |
Filename extension | .aspx , .cshtml , .vbhtml |
---|---|
Internet media type | text/html |
Developed by | Microsoft |
ASP.NET is a server-side web-application framework designed for web development to produce dynamic web pages. It was developed by Microsoft to allow programmers to build dynamic web sites, applications and services. The name stands for Active Server Pages Network Enabled Technologies.
It was first released in January 2002 with version 1.0 of the .NET Framework and is the successor to Microsoft's Active Server Pages (ASP) technology. ASP.NET is built on the Common Language Runtime (CLR), allowing programmers to write ASP.NET code using any supported .NET language. The ASP.NET SOAP extension framework allows ASP.NET components to process SOAP messages.
In 2016, Microsoft released ASP.NET Core as ASP.NET's successor. This new version is a re-implementation of ASP.NET as a modular web framework, together with other frameworks like Entity Framework. The new framework uses the new open-source .NET Compiler Platform (codename "Roslyn") and is cross platform. ASP.NET MVC, ASP.NET Web API, and ASP.NET Web Pages (a platform using only Razor pages) have merged into a unified MVC 6. [3]
ASP.NET supports a number of programming models for building web applications: [4]
Other ASP.NET extensions include:
System.Web.IHttpHandler
interface. Unlike ASP.NET Pages, they have no HTML-markup file, no events and other supporting. All they have is a code-file (written in any .NET-compatible language) that writes some data to the server HTTP response. HTTP handlers are similar to ISAPI extensions.On IIS 6.0 and lower, pages written using different versions of the ASP framework cannot share session state without the use of third-party libraries. This does not apply to ASP.NET and ASP applications running side by side on IIS 7. With IIS 7.0, modules may be run in an integrated pipeline that allows modules written in any language to be executed for any request. [7]
It is not essential to use the standard Web forms development model when developing with ASP.NET. Noteworthy frameworks designed for the platform include:
ASP.NET's release history tightly correlates with the .NET Framework releases:
Date | Version | Remarks | New ASP.NET related features |
---|---|---|---|
January 16, 2002 | 1.0 | First version released together with Visual Studio .NET |
|
April 24, 2003 | 1.1 | released together with Windows Server 2003 released together with Visual Studio .NET 2003 |
|
November 7, 2005 | 2.0 | codename Whidbey |
|
November 21, 2006 | 3.0 | Released with Windows Vista |
|
November 19, 2007 | 3.5 | Released with Visual Studio 2008 and Windows Server 2008 |
|
August 11, 2008 | 3.5 Service Pack 1 | Released with Visual Studio 2008 Service Pack 1 |
|
April 12, 2010 | 4.0 | Released with Visual Studio 2010 Parallel extensions and other .NET Framework 4 features | The two new properties added in the Page class are MetaKeyword and MetaDescription. |
August 15, 2012 | 4.5 | Released with Visual Studio 2012 and Windows Server 2012 for Windows 8 Parallel extensions and other .NET Framework 4.5 features | |
October 17, 2013 | 4.5.1 | Released with Visual Studio 2013 [8] for Windows Server 2012 R2 and Windows 8.1 | |
May 5, 2014 [9] | 4.5.2 |
| |
July 20, 2015 [9] | 4.6 | Released [10] with Visual Studio 2015 [11] and EF 7 Previews for Windows Server 2016 and Windows 10 |
|
November 30, 2015 [9] | 4.6.1 | ||
August 2, 2016 [9] | 4.6.2 |
| |
April 11, 2017 [9] | 4.7 | Included in the Windows 10 Creators Update [12] |
|
October 17, 2017 [9] | 4.7.1 | Included in the Windows 10 Fall Creators Update. [13] |
|
April 30, 2018 [9] | 4.7.2 | ||
August 09, 2022 [9] | 4.8.1 | Released [14] | |
November 18, 2015 | 5 RC1 | This version was later separated from ASP.NET and brought into a new project called ASP.NET Core, whose versioning started at 1.0. [15] | An entirely new project with different development tenets and goals |
Legend: Old version Older version, still maintained Latest version Latest preview version Future release |
The Mono Project supports "everything in .NET 4.7 except WPF, WWF, and with limited WCF and limited ASP.NET 4.7 async stack." [16] ASP.NET can be run with Mono using one of three options: Apache hosting using the mod_mono module, FastCGI hosting, and XSP.
Active Server Pages (ASP) is Microsoft's first server-side scripting language and engine for dynamic web pages.
An application server is a server that hosts applications or software that delivers a business application through a communication protocol. For a typical web application, the application server sits behind the web servers.
Internet Information Services is an extensible web server created by Microsoft for use with the Windows NT family. IIS supports HTTP, HTTP/2, HTTPS, FTP, FTPS, SMTP and NNTP. It has been an integral part of the Windows NT family since Windows NT 4.0, though it may be absent from some editions, and is not active by default.
JScript is Microsoft's legacy dialect of the ECMAScript standard that is used in Microsoft's Internet Explorer web browser.
Windows Forms (WinForms) is a free and open-source graphical (GUI) class library included as a part of Microsoft .NET, .NET Framework or Mono, providing a platform to write client applications for desktop, laptop, and tablet PCs. While it is seen as a replacement for the earlier and more complex C++ based Microsoft Foundation Class Library, it does not offer a comparable paradigm and only acts as a platform for the user interface tier in a multi-tier solution.
The Internet Server Application Programming Interface (ISAPI) is an n-tier API of Internet Information Services (IIS), Microsoft's collection of Windows-based web server services. The most prominent application of IIS and ISAPI is Microsoft's web server.
DNN Platform is a web content management system and web application framework based on the .NET Framework. It is open source and part of the .Net Foundation.
Microsoft Data Access Components is a framework of interrelated Microsoft technologies that allows programmers a uniform and comprehensive way of developing applications that can access almost any data store. Its components include: ActiveX Data Objects (ADO), OLE DB, and Open Database Connectivity (ODBC). There have been several deprecated components as well, such as the Jet Database Engine, MSDASQL, and Remote Data Services (RDS). Some components have also become obsolete, such as the former Data Access Objects API and Remote Data Objects.
Scaffolding, as used in computing, refers to one of two techniques:
Comparison of the Java and .NET platforms.
ASP.NET MVC is a web application framework developed by Microsoft that implements the model–view–controller (MVC) pattern. It is no longer in active development. It is open-source software, apart from the ASP.NET Web Forms component, which is proprietary.
Text Template Transformation Toolkit is a free and open-source template-based text generation framework. T4 source files are usually denoted by the file extension ".tt".
The .NET Framework is a proprietary software framework developed by Microsoft that runs primarily on Microsoft Windows. It was the predominant implementation of the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) until being superseded by the cross-platform .NET project. It includes a large class library called Framework Class Library (FCL) and provides language interoperability across several programming languages. Programs written for .NET Framework execute in a software environment named the Common Language Runtime (CLR). The CLR is an application virtual machine that provides services such as security, memory management, and exception handling. As such, computer code written using .NET Framework is called "managed code". FCL and CLR together constitute the .NET Framework.
An ASP.NET HTTP handler is a process that runs in response to a request made to an ASP.NET Web application. The most common handler is the ASP.NET page handler that processes .aspx files. When users request an .aspx file, the request is processed by the page through the page handler.
AppFabric is a set of middleware technologies for Windows Server, released by Microsoft. It consists of two main feature areas: AppFabric Hosting and AppFabric Caching. Microsoft support for these ended in November 2017. A newer version of the product from Microsoft is Service Fabric.
Microsoft started development on the .NET Framework in the late 1990s originally under the name of Next Generation Windows Services (NGWS). By late 2001 the first beta versions of .NET Framework 1.0 were released. The first version of .NET Framework was released on 13 February 2002, bringing managed code to Windows NT 4.0, 98, 2000, ME and XP.
ASP.NET Core is an open-source modular web-application framework. It is a redesign of ASP.NET that unites the previously separate ASP.NET MVC and ASP.NET Web API into a single programming model. Despite being a new framework, built on a new web stack, it does have a high degree of concept compatibility with ASP.NET. The ASP.NET Core framework supports side-by-side versioning so that different applications being developed on a single machine can target different versions of ASP.NET Core. This was not possible with previous versions of ASP.NET. ASP.NET Core initially ran on both the Windows-only .NET Framework and the cross-platform .NET. However, support for the .NET Framework was dropped beginning with ASP.Net Core 3.0.
OWIN is a standard for an interface between .NET Web applications and Web servers. It is a community-owned open-source project. Prior to OWIN, Microsoft's ASP.NET technology was designed on top of IIS, and Web applications could not easily be run on another Web server. OWIN aims to decouple the relationship between ASP.NET applications and IIS by defining a standard interface. Developers of Web servers can be sure that, if they implement OWIN correctly, ASP.NET applications will run on their server. Similarly, new Web frameworks could be developed as an alternative to ASP.NET. As long as they target OWIN, they will run on any OWIN compatible Web server, including IIS.
ASP.NET Web Forms is a web application framework and one of several programming models supported by the Microsoft ASP.NET technology. Web Forms applications can be written in any programming language which supports the Common Language Runtime, such as C# or Visual Basic. The main building blocks of Web Forms pages are server controls, which are reusable components responsible for rendering HTML markup and responding to events. A technique called view state is used to persist the state of server controls between normally stateless HTTP requests.