Agastache rugosa

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Agastache rugosa
Agastache rugosa.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Lamiaceae
Genus: Agastache
Species:
A. rugosa
Binomial name
Agastache rugosa
Synonyms [2]
  • Agastache formosana(Hayata) Hayata ex Makino & Nemoto
  • Elsholtzia monostachysH.Lév. & Vaniot
  • Lophanthus argyiH.Lév.
  • Lophanthus formosanusHayata
  • Lophanthus rugosusFisch. & C.A.Mey.

Agastache rugosa, also known as wrinkled giant hyssop, [3] Korean mint, [4] purple giant hyssop, [5] [lower-alpha 1] Indian mint and Chinese patchouli is an aromatic herb in the mint family, native to East Asia (China, Japan, Korea, Russian Primorye, Taiwan, India, and Vietnam). [1]

Contents

Description

Korean mint leaf Agastache rugosa 02.JPG
Korean mint leaf

A. rugosa is a perennial plant growing up to 40–100 cm (16–39 in) tall, with square stalks that branch at the upper part. [8] The oval-cordate leaves are oppositely arranged, 5–10 cm (2–4 in) long and 3–7 cm (1+142+34 in) broad, with coarsely serrated margins. [8] Some leaves have hair and/or touches of white on the underside. [8] The leaves are slightly larger than anise hyssop. [9]

From July to September in the Northern Hemisphere, purple bilabiate flowers bloom in verticillasters that are 5–15 cm (2–6 in) long and 2 cm (34 in) broad. [8] The calyx is 5–6 mm (0.20–0.24 in) long, with five narrow triangular lobes. [8] The petals are 8–10 mm (0.31–0.39 in) long, lower ones longer and the ones inside serrated. They range in color from rose to violet. The stamens are didynamous, long, and exposed. [8] The fruit is schizocarp, with obovate elliptical mericaps of 1.8 mm (0.071 in).

Cultivation

A. rugosa grows well in fertile, moisture-retentive soils and good sunlight. The aroma becomes weaker in shady conditions. [8]

The plant can be propagated by both sexual and asexual means. The seeds gathered in autumn can be sown in the spring. One can also dig out the plant in autumn or early spring, divide the roots, and plant them at intervals of 30 centimetres (12 in).

Cultivars

There several cultivars, including 'Golden Jubilee', which has yellow-green foliage, [10] 'Alabaster' [11] [12] and 'Fragrant Delight'. [12] There are also a number of giant hyssop hybrids with A. rugosa as a parent, such as Agastache × 'Black Adder' [13] and 'Blue Fortune', [11] a Royal Horticultural Society Award of Garden Merit winner. [14]

Uses

Culinary

Korea

The plant's Korean name is baechohyang (배초향), but it is more commonly known as banga (방아) in southern parts of Korea, where the herb is extensively cultivated and consumed. In southern Korean cuisine, the herb is a popular last minute addition to various dishes, such as chueo-tang (pond loach stew), and maeun-tang (spicy fish stew). [15] It is also sometimes used as the main ingredient in buchimgae (Korean pancakes).

Medicinal

China

It is called huòxiāng (Chinese : ) [16] in Chinese and it is one of the 50 fundamental herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine. It is used interchangeably with guang huo xiang . [17] It was traditionally used to relieve nausea, vomiting and poor appetite. It contains methyl chavicol, anethole, anisaldehyde, limonene, pinene and linalool. [18]

Chemical constituents

Chemical compounds found in the plant include: [19]

Notes

  1. "Purple giant hyssop" also commonly refers to Agastache scrophulariifolia , [6] which A. rugosa is often misidentified as. [7]

Related Research Articles

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<i>Hyssopus</i> (plant) Genus of flowering plants in the mint and sage family Lamiaceae

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<i>Rosa rugosa</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Quercus glauca</i> Species of oak tree

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<i>Agastache</i> Genus of flowering plants

Agastache is a genus of aromatic flowering herbaceous perennial plants in the family Lamiaceae. It contains 22 species, mainly native to North America, one species native to eastern Asia. The common names of the species are a variety of fairly ambiguous and confusing "hyssops" and "mints"; as a whole the genus is known as giant hyssops or hummingbird mints.

<i>Mentha arvensis</i> Species of flowering plant

Mentha arvensis, the corn mint, field mint, or wild mint, is a species of flowering plant in the mint family Lamiaceae. It has a circumboreal distribution, being native to the temperate regions of Europe and western and central Asia, east to the Himalaya and eastern Siberia, and North America. Mentha canadensis, the related species, is also included in Mentha arvensis by some authors as two varieties, M. arvensis var. glabrata Fernald and M. arvensis var. piperascens Malinv. ex L. H. Bailey.

<i>Perilla frutescens</i> Species of flowering plant

Perilla frutescens, commonly called deulkkae, shiso or Korean perilla, is a species of Perilla in the mint family Lamiaceae. It is an annual plant native to Southeast Asia and Indian highlands, and is traditionally grown in the Korean peninsula, southern China, Japan and India as a crop.

<i>Agastache rupestris</i> Species of plant

Agastache rupestris, known as the threadleaf giant hyssop, Mexican Hyssop, or licorice mint, is a wildflower of the mint family (Lamiaceae) native to the mountains of Arizona, New Mexico, and Chihuahua, Mexico. Popular in xeriscaping because of its heat tolerance and ability to thrive in dry, nutrient-poor soil, it is often planted in containers or as a border flower and used to attract hummingbirds. Displaying gray-green stems and leaves while dormant, its orange flowers with purple buds bloom from mid-summer until fall; if crushed the petals exude a pleasant scent.

Agastache parvifolia is a species of flowering plant in the mint family known by the common name small-leaf giant hyssop. It is endemic to far northern California, where it grows in woodlands. It is an uncommon species and is sometimes considered a local subspecies of Agastache urticifolia.

<i>Agastache urticifolia</i> Species of flowering plant

Agastache urticifolia is a species of flowering plant in the mint family known by the common name nettleleaf giant hyssop or horse mint.

<i>Eupatorium fortunei</i> Species of flowering plant

Eupatorium fortunei is a plant species in the family Asteraceae native from Asia where it is rare in the wild but commonly cultivated. The white to reddish colored flowers and herbage smell like lavender when crushed. In China the plants are used to make fragrant oils.

<i>Agastache mexicana</i> Species of flowering plant

Agastache mexicana is a species of flowering plant in the mint family known by the common name Mexican giant hyssop. It is native to southern North America and can grow up to 100 cm tall. The leaves are lanceolate or oval-lanceolate. The plant is perennial and self-fertile. Its young lemon scented leaves are used in herbal teas and the leaves are also often used in flavoring foods.

<i>Agastache foeniculum</i> Species of flowering plant

Agastache foeniculum, commonly called anise hyssop, blue giant hyssop, Fragrant giant hyssop, or the lavender giant hyssop, is a species of perennial plant in the mint family, (Lamiaceae). This plant is native to much of north-central and northern North America, notably the Great Plains and other prairies. It is tolerant of deer and drought, and also attracts hummingbirds, butterflies, bumblebees, honey bees, carpenter bees, and night flying moths.

Agastache cusickii is a species of flowering plant in the mint family known by the common name Cusick's giant hyssop. It is native to the northwestern United States from eastern Oregon and central Nevada to Idaho and Montana.

<i>Agastache cana</i> Species of flowering plant

Agastache cana, more commonly known as the mosquito plant, Texas hummingbird mint, and double bubble mint, is a hardy perennial belonging to the genus Agastache. The genus name Agastache is derived from the Greek word meaning "a lot of", and stachy, meaning "spike", which refers to the flower's 12 terminal spikes that decorate the plant. These spikes remain through the growing season from early summer to late fall. The Mosquito Plant is native to New Mexico and western Texas, where it grows in mountainous areas at altitudes of 6,000 feet.

<i>Agastache pallidiflora</i> Species of flowering plant

Agastache pallidiflora, commonly known as New Mexico giant hyssop or Bill Williams Mountain giant hyssop, is a plant in the mint family.

<i>Agastache scrophulariifolia</i> Species of flowering plant

Agastache scrophulariifolia, also known as the purple giant hyssop, is a perennial plant that grows throughout the US and Northern Ontario, CN. Its name comes from the similarity of its leaves to plants of the genus Scrophularia. It is a beneficial plant to pollinators and is noted for its medicinal properties, as many plants in the mint family are. It tends to grow in disturbed or open areas where it does not have to interact with non-native competitive plants.

<i>Agastache nepetoides</i> Species of flowering plant

Agastache nepetoides, commonly known as yellow giant hyssop, is a perennial flowering plant native to the central and eastern United States and Canada. It is a member of the Lamiaceae (mint) family.

<i>Streptoglossa decurrens</i> Species of flowering plant

Streptoglossa decurrens is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It grows in Queensland, Western Australia and the Northern Territory. It is an upright, aromatic perennial herb or shrub with pink-purplish or reddish purple flowers.

<i>Streptoglossa liatroides</i> Species of flowering plant

Streptoglossa liatroides is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is a low, spreading or upright perennial herb with pink or red to purple flowers. It grows in South Australia, New South Wales, Western Australia and the Northern Territory.

References

  1. 1 2 "Agastache rugosa". Germplasm Resources Information Network . Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture . Retrieved 2008-02-19.
  2. "Agastache rugosa (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Kuntze". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 19 April 2015 via The Plant List. Note that this website has been superseded by World Flora Online
  3. Leon Carleton Snyder. Flowers for Northern Gardens. University of Minnesota Press, 1983. p. 71. ISBN   9781452902579
  4. English Names for Korean Native Plants (PDF). Pocheon: Korea National Arboretum. 2015. p. 343. ISBN   978-89-97450-98-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 22 December 2016 via Korea Forest Service.
  5. Diana Stoll. "Agastache: An Herb for the Perennial Border." Llewellyn's 2019 Herbal Almanac: A Practical Guide to Growing, Cooking & Crafting. Llewellyn Worldwide, 2018. pna. ISBN   9780738756578
  6. Arthur O. Tucker and Thomas DeBaggio, The Encyclopedia of Herbs: A Comprehensive Reference to Herbs of Flavor and Fragrance. Timber Press, 2009. p. 127. ISBN   9781604691344
  7. Roger Guillermo Fuentes-Granados. "Genetic Studies of Agastache." Iowa State University PhD dissertation. 1997. p. 14. doi:10.31274/rtd-180813-13259
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "배초향" [Korean mint]. Korea Biodiversity Information System (in Korean). Korea National Arboretum . Retrieved 25 December 2016.
  9. Tucker, Arthur; Debaggio, Thomas. The Encyclopedia of Herbs. London: Timber Press.
  10. "Agastache rugosa 'Golden Jubilee'". rhs.org.uk. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  11. 1 2 Hanneke Van Dijk. Encyclopedia of Border Plants. Taylor & Francis, 1999. p. 30. ISBN   9781579582029
  12. 1 2 List of names of woody plants and perennials. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  13. "Agastache 'Black Adder'" at Missouri Botanical Garden Plant Finder. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  14. "Agastache 'Blue Fortune'" at Royal Horticultural Society website. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  15. 김, 민철 (20 October 2016). "향긋한 '토종 허브', 그 이름은 배초향" [Fragrant traditional herb, its name is baechohyang]. The Chosun Ilbo (in Korean). Retrieved 22 December 2016.
  16. Li, Xi-wen; Hedge, Ian C. "Agastache rugosa". Flora of China. Vol. 17. Retrieved 2008-02-19 via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  17. "Agastache rugosa". Plants for a Future . Archived from the original on 3 March 2008. Retrieved 2008-02-14.
  18. Home Herbal: Cook, Brew & Blend Your Own Herbs. DK Pub. 2011. ISBN   978-0-7566-7183-9.
  19. "Species Information". Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases. Archived from the original on 2020-09-20. Retrieved 2008-02-19.
  20. 4-Methoxycinnamaldehyde inhibited human respiratory syncytial virus in a human larynx carcinoma cell line Wang K.C., Chang J.S., Chiang L.C., Lin C.C. Phytomedicine 2009 16:9 (882-886)
  21. Chemical composition of essential oil in stems, leaves and flowers of Agastache rugosa Yang D., Wang F., Su J., Zeng L. Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials 2000 23:3 (149-151)