August 1926

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August 22, 1926: The dictatorship of Greece's General Theodoros Pangalos is ended by General Georgios Kondylis.

August 23, 1926: U.S. film idol Rudolph Valentino dies after appendectomy

The following events occurred in August 1926:

August 1, 1926 (Sunday)

Primo de Rivera

• An assassination attempt against Spanish dictator Miguel Primo de Rivera failed in Barcelona when a thrown dagger narrowly missed his head as he rode in a car. A 34-year-old Catalan anarchist was arrested. ^[1]
• In Italy's Northern League (Lega Nord) of soccer football, Juventus FC (17-3-2) of Group B defeated Bologna FC 1909 (17-4-1) of Group A, 2 goals to 1, after the teams had played to a 2-2 draw and a 0-0 draw in their two-game series. Juventus then played against SS Alba Roma, championship of the Southern League (Lega Sud) and overwhelmed them by a margin of 17 goals.
• Born: Hannah Hauxwell, British farmer and television personality; in Baldersdale, North Riding of Yorkshire (d. 2018)
• Died:
  • Israel Zangwill, 62, British Zionist, novelist and playwright ^[2]
  • Fanindra Bose, 38, India-born Scottish sculptor, died of a heart attack while fishing and drowned.

August 2, 1926 (Monday)

• Amendments to the 1921 constitution of Poland took effect to give President Jozef Pilsudski increased powers and to minimize those of the nation's bicameral parliament. The provisions of the August Novelization (Nowela sierpniowa) provided that the president could dismiss the Sejm and the Senat at any time, though the Sejm could not vote for its own dissolution, and that President Pilsudski's decrees (rozporzadzenia), including a state budget, would have the effect of a statute unless rejected by the parliament. ^[3]
• The Turkish freighter S.S. Bozkourt was torn apart when it was struck by the French passenger ship S.S. Lotus, and eight passengers drowned. ^[4] After the Lotus rescued the 10 survivors and transported them to Istanbul, the captain, Mr. Demons, Mr. Lotus was arrested by Turkish authorities and charged with liability for the deaths and the damage caused by the accident, giving rise to the "Lotus case", when the World Court of the League of Nations made a determination of whether Turkey or France had jurisdiction over a crime committed in international waters, with a ruling in 1927 that would lead to the Convention of the High Seas in 1958.
• Italy enacted new austerity measures to fight poverty and redress the country's trade deficit. Pastry containing pure white flour was prohibited. ^[5]
• Born:
  • Sy Mah, Canadian long-distance runner who achieved the world record of most marathons, with 524 from 1967 to 1988 ; in Bashaw, Alberta (died from leukemia, 1988) ^[6]
  • Igor Spassky, Soviet Russian engineer who oversaw the design of almost 200 submarines for the Soviet Navy and the Russian Navy; in Bogorodsk (d.2024) ^[7]
  • Annie Geeraerts, Belgian television actress known for portraying "Bomma" in the soap opera Familie since its debut in 1991; in Borgerhout, Flanders ^[8] (alive in 2026)
  • Hugh Maguire, Irish violinist and leader of the BBC Symphony Orchestra and the London Symphony Orchestra; in Dublin (d.2013) ^[9]
  • Uday Bhanu Hans, Indian Hindi language poet and poet laureate of the state of Haryana; in Daira Din Panah, Punjab Province, British India (now in Pakistan) ^[10]

August 3, 1926 (Tuesday)

• Some 400 armed Catholics barricaded themselves in the Church of Our Lady of Guadalupe in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico and exchanged gunfire with federal troops until they ran out of ammunition and surrendered. According to U.S. consular sources, 18 were killed and 40 wounded. ^[11]
• Italy banned any parades, ceremonies and public demonstrations that were not authorized as "effectively useful". ^[12]
• London's first traffic lights came into operation at Piccadilly Circus. ^[13]
• The grand jury in the Aimee Semple McPherson case reconvened to consider further testimony and evidence. ^[14]
• Born:
  • Tony Bennett, American singer, in Astoria, Queens, New York (d. 2023)
  • Anthony Sampson, Britisih writer and journalist, in Billingham, County Durham (d. 2004)

August 4, 1926 (Wednesday)

• Umberto Nobile was feted in Rome for his part in the recent North Pole expedition, as 20,000 filled the square in front of the Palazzo Chigi. Sharing the balcony with Nobile and his team Mussolini declared, "In vain did others try to steal the glory of Major General Nobile and to change the proportion of credit for events without parallel in human history. But I want to say in a voice of thunder that, Italy, it was you who were responsible for the glory, and it was you who pushed and helped him to his objective." ^[15]
• A policeman in Bahrain shot and killed a superintendent policeman who mistreated him, and managed through the shooting in tearing off a piece of the Political Agent Colonel Daly's ear. Colonel Daly apprehended the shooter and hit him with a bayonet. The incident imposed strict martial law in Bahrain through August and September 1926. A day earlier, the Chief of Bahrain Police, Haji Sulman bin Jassim was shot.

August 5, 1926 (Thursday)

• France and Germany signed a trade accord. ^[13]
• English pilot Alan Cobham arrived in Port Darwin, Australia to complete the first half of his round-trip flight between England and Australia. ^[16]
• The film Don Juan , starring John Barrymore, premieres. It was the first feature-length film to have synchronized sound effects and a musical soundtrack.

August 6, 1926 (Friday)

Ederle

• Gertrude Ederle became the first woman to successfully swim the English Channel, also setting a new record time of 14 hours, 39 minutes. ^[17]
• Born: Norman Wexler, American screenwriter; in New Bedford, Massachusetts (d. 1999)

August 7, 1926 (Saturday)

• Mexican President Plutarco Elías Calles ruled out foreign mediation in the battle between the government and the Catholic church. ^[13]
• Spain and Italy signed a Treaty of Friendship. ^[18]

August 8, 1926 (Sunday)

• Former French Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau weighed in on the Mellon–Berenger Agreement by publishing an open letter addressed to U.S. President Calvin Coolidge. Excerpts from the letter read, "You are claiming from us payment not of a debt of commerce but of war. You know, as we do, that our treasury is empty ... We are debtors, you are creditors. It seems this is regarded as purely a matter for the cashier's department, but are there no other considerations to be taken into account? ... Come to our villages and read the endless list of their dead and make comparisons, if you will. Was this not a 'bank account?' The loss of this vital force of youth? ... How is it we failed to foresee what is now happening? Why did we not halt under the shells and convoke a board meeting of profiteers to decide the question whether it would allow us to continue in defense of the finest conquest in the finest of histories?" ^[19]
• In the first game of the two game series between the champions of Italy's northern and southern soccer football leagues, Juventus defeated Alba Roma, 12 goals to 1, meaning that Alba Roma would have to score 11 goals more than Juventus in the second game for the best aggregate score.

August 9, 1926 (Monday)

• Agriculturalist Alfred Daniel Hall told the British Association for the Advancement of Science that in the future, humanity would be forced to become vegetarian due to a global wheat famine. ^[20]

August 10, 1926 (Tuesday)

• In Mexico, 20 people were executed by federal firing squad over the church riots. ^[21]

August 11, 1926 (Wednesday)

• Yugoslavia, Romania and Greece sent a collective note to Bulgaria demanding that cross-border raids by Macedonian irregulars cease. ^[22]
• In Berlin, 50 were injured in nighttime rioting between communists and republicans on Republic Day (a special day observed during the Weimar Republic commemorating its founding in 1919). ^[23]
• Eastman Kodak said it was working on color motion picture film. ^[13]
• Richard Reese Whittemore, leader of the Whittemore Gang, was hanged.
• Born:
  • Aaron Klug, Lithuanian-born British biochemist and 1982 Nobel Prize laureate for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes; in Želva (d. 2018) ^[24]
  • Claus von Bülow, Denmark-born British socialite who had been put on trial for charges of the attempted murder of his wife; in Copenhagen (d. 2019) ^[25]
  • Ekkirala Krishnamacharya, Indian spiritual leader, homeopath and philanthropist, known as "EK"; in Bapatla, Madras Presidency, British India (now in Andhra Pradesh) (d. 1984) ^[26]
  • Bernard Ashley, British businessman and co-founder, with his wife, of the Laura Ashley fashion retailer; in Brixton, London (d.2009) ^[27]
  • Sherman K. Stein, American mathematician and author of mathematics textbooks; in Minneapolis (alive in 2026) ^[28]
• Died:
  • Dr. Jamini Bhushan Ray, 47, Indian physician and philanthropist
  • U.S. Army First Lieutenant Eugene Barksdale, 29, American test pilot, was killed after bailing out of a Douglas O-2 observation aircraft. Barksdale's parachute was caught in the bracing wires of the airplane and he went down with the craft as it crashed. The Barksdale Air Force Base in Louisiana would be named in his honor in 1933. ^[29]

August 12, 1926 (Thursday)

• A munitions factory exploded on Csepel Island in Hungary, killing 24 people and injuring 250. ^[30]
• In the state of Western Australia in Australia, Anglican missionary Ernest Gribble and Inspector E. C. Mitchell of the state's Aborigines Department became the first investigators to find evidence of the Forrest River massacre of at least 15 indigenous Aboriginal people from June 5 to June 27. ^[31]
• The John Galsworthy play Escape was performed for the first time, making its debut at the Ambassadors Theatre on London's West End and produced by Leon M. Lion (who also had an acting role in the production) and featuring Nicholas Hannen in the lead role. The play would then premiere on Broadway at the Booth Theatre on October 26, 1927.
• Born:
  • John Derek (stage name for Derek Harris), American actor, director and photographer, in Hollywood, California (d. 1998) ^[32]
  • Hiroshi Koizumi, Japanese actor who starred in Godzilla Raids Again and other Toho Studios , in Kamakura City ^[33] (d. 2015) ^[34]
  • Wallace Markfield, American novelist best known for To an Early Grave (1964); in Brooklyn, New York (d. 2002) ^[35] (d. 2002)
  • Douglas Croft (stage name for Douglas Wheatrcroft), American actor who was the first to portray the character of "Robin" on the screen, appearing in the Batman movie serial in 1943; in Seattle (d. 1963 from acute alcohol intoxication) ^[36]

August 13, 1926 (Friday)

• Lou Gehrig hit two home runs off of fellow baseball legend Walter Johnson in the same game. Jack Fournier in 1914 was the only other player to ever do so. ^[37]
• Born: Fidel Castro, Cuban revolutionary who served as Prime Minister and President of the Caribbean nation; in Birán(d. 2016)

August 14, 1926 (Saturday)

• Mexican government agents staged a purge of Chalchihuites, Zacatecas, and arrested Father Luis Bátiz Sainz at a private house. ^[38]
• The comedy film The Boy Friend opened.
• Born: René Goscinny, comic book writer and editor, in Paris, France (d. 1977)
• Died: John H. Moffitt, 83, American politician

August 15, 1926 (Sunday)

• Film actor Rudolph Valentino fell critically ill, collapsing at the Hotel Ambassador in New York City. He was rushed to hospital and operated on immediately for a ruptured appendix. ^[39]
• Father Luis Bátiz Sainz and three members of the Mexican Association for Catholic Youth were executed by firing squad. ^[38] The killing caused a band of ranchers led by former colonel Pedro Quintanar to seize the municipal treasury and declare themselves in open rebellion. ^[11]
• Born: Konstantinos Stephanopoulos, politician, in Patras, Greece (d. 2016)

August 16, 1926 (Monday)

• A coffin brought from Norway to London thought to contain the remains of Lord Kitchener was opened by the coroner in the presence of police, but it contained no body. The scenario was the work of a hoaxer going by the name of Frank Power. ^[40]

August 17, 1926 (Tuesday)

• Judge Charles Merrill Hough of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit ruled that all visitors to the United States except Canadians required a visa to enter the country. ^[41]
• Born: Jiang Zemin, politician, former General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, in Yangzhou, China (d. 2022)

August 18, 1926 (Wednesday)

• Mussolini announced the Quota 90, a controversial revaluation of the Italian lira.
• British coal miners reopened negotiations with the government to resolve the ongoing lockout. ^[42]

August 19, 1926 (Thursday)

• Rudolph Valentino's condition greatly improved. He answered a list of questions from the media and issued a statement thanking his fans and well-wishers for their messages of encouragement. ^[42]
• Born: Arthur Rock, businessman, in Rochester, New York

August 20, 1926 (Friday)

• The Communist Party of Germany excluded Ruth Fischer, Arkadi Maslow, and three other members for asserting that the Soviet Union was no longer a true Communist state. ^[43]

August 21, 1926 (Saturday)

• Marshal Józef Piłsudski conducted a purge of the Polish military to remove any challenges to his authority. ^[44]
• Motorcyclist Curley Fredericks made the fastest run ever on a board track by racing at 120.3 miles per hour (193.6 km/h) to travel 1.25 miles (2.01 km) in 37.4 seconds at the Rockingham Park board racing track in Salem, New Hampshire ^[45] breaking a record for any track at the time. The record for board track racing still stands almost 100 years later, in part because cycle races are no longer performed on board tracks. ^[46]
• Convalescing from an emergency appendectomy, Rudolph Valentino was stricken with a severe relapse of pleuritis, at the time untreatable, in his left lung. ^[47]
• Born:
  • Jaymala Shiledar, Indian classical singer, theater actress and composer; as Pramila Jadhav in Indore, Central India Agency (now in Madhya Pradesh), British India (d.2013) ^[48]
  • Brian Bonsor, Scottish-born composer and music teacher specializing in the recorder; in Hawick, Roxburghshire (d.2011) ^[49]
  • Robert Robbins Robbins), Australian illusionist and stage magician; in Sydney (died from heart disease, 1964) ^[50]
• Died:
  • Louise Vanderbilt, 71, American socialite and philanthropist from "complications setting in from a slight throat infection". ^[51]
  • Stuart P. Sherman, 44, American literary critic known for his feud with H. L. Mencken, drowned in Lake Michigan when the canoe he was paddling overturned. ^[52]
  • Sunstar, 18, British thoroughbred racehorse and winner of the 1911 Epsom Derby and sire of multiple champion horses ^[53]

August 22, 1926 (Sunday)

• Greek dictator Theodoros Pangalos was overthrown in a military coup led by General Georgios Kondylis. ^[13]
• 'Bloody Sunday'; violent clashes took place in Colmar in the Alsace region of France.
• Juventus FC won the national soccer football championship of Italy, defeating SS Alba Roma 7 to 1 in the second of the two game series, with an aggregate score of 19 to 2.
• Died: Charles W. Eliot, 92, President of Harvard University

August 23, 1926 (Monday)

• General Kondylis proclaimed himself the new Premier of Greece
• Born: Clifford Geertz, anthropologist, in San Francisco, California (d. 2006)
• Died: Rudolph Valentino, 31, Italian film actor. His last word before falling into a coma was 'Madre'. ^[54]

August 24, 1926 (Tuesday)

• One hundred people were injured as a riot nearly ensued in New York when 60,000 mourners, mostly women, pushed through Campbell's Funeral Parlor to get a glimpse of Rudolph Valentino's body lying in state. ^[55]
• Reverend Gilbert A. Eakins, 27, of Saratoga, Wyoming, was fatally burned when he fell into hot springs at Yellowstone National Park. ^[56]
• Admiral Pavlos Kountouriotis, who had resigned in April in protest of the dictatorship of General Pangalos, was restored as President of Greece.

August 25, 1926 (Wednesday)

• After a second chaotic day of public viewing of Rudolph Valentino's body, it was announced that Campbell's Funeral Parlor was moving the body to a vault until Monday's funeral and that public viewing was closed. Valentino's manager George Ullman explained, "The lack of reverence shown by the crowd, the disorder and attendant rioting since the body was first shown has forced me to this decision." ^[57]
• The film Beau Geste opened.

August 26, 1926 (Thursday)

August 26, 1926: King Ugyen Wangchuck of Bhutan dies and his son Jigme Wangchuck becomes the new monarch.

• At the age of 21, Jigme Wangchuck became the new King of Bhutan, at the time a British protectorate, upon the death of his father, Ugyen Wangchuck. Jigme Wangchuck would rule until his own death in 1952.
• Spain demanded that the international district of Tangier be annexed to the Spanish zone of Morocco, which it asserted was necessary to suppress the contraband flow of arms that enabled the recent Rif revolt. ^[58]
• Negotiations between the British government and locked-out coal miners broke down again. ^[59]

August 27, 1926 (Friday)

• Nazim Bey and three other men were hanged in Ankara for conspiring to assassinate Turkish President Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. ^[60]
• In Wanhsien (now known as the Wanzhou District) in China, troops loyal to the local warlord Wu Peifu under the command of General Yang Sen boarded a British merchant ship of The China Navigation Company, SS Wanhsien, and demanded transportation up the Yangtze River. Tensions had been high over a "wharfage" tax that the local authorities had been imposing on ships using the port. The ship's captain refused to leave port and a deadlock occurred until a boarding party from HMS Cockchafer investigated and the ship was released after an argument. This was the first in a chain of events culminating in the "Wanhsien Incident" of September 5. ^{[61] [62]}
• Born:
  • Pat Coombs, actress, in Camberwell, England (d. 2002)
  • Kristen Nygaard, computer scientist and politician, in Oslo, Norway (d. 2002)
  • Jacqueline Grennan Wexler, American Roman Catholic nun and university president (d. 2012)
• Died: John Rodgers, 45, American naval officer and aviator

August 28, 1926 (Saturday)

• Dutch Levsen of the Cleveland Indians became the last pitcher in major league baseball history to start and win both games of a doubleheader, defeating the Boston Red Sox 6-1 and 5–1. ^[63]

August 29, 1926 (Sunday)

• A crowd of 20,000 German monarchists staged an assembly in Nuremberg to hail their "king", Rupprecht of Bavaria. Prince Oskar of Prussia and Field Marshal August von Mackensen also attended the event. ^[64]
• Another incident occurred on the Yangtze River near Wanhsien in which the China Navigation Co. ship Wanliu capsized a sampan in its wake that, according to General Yang Sen, was carrying soldiers under his command. When the ship pulled into Wanhsien, Yang Sen's troops were sent to occupy the ship as he demanded compensation, and once again HMS Cockchafer had them removed and Wanliu went on its way. ^{[61] [65]}
• Born: Betty Lynn, actress, in Kansas City, Missouri (d. 2021)

August 30, 1926 (Monday)

• The sinking of the Soviet steamer Burevestnik killed 65 passengers and crew after the ship was attempting to avoid a collision with an incoming ship, the German ship Greta and rammed a pier. ^[66] Burevestnik had departed from Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg) on a voyage to Kronstadt and the collision occurred while the ship was in the Sea Canal. Despite reports of 300 dead ^[67] , most of the 404 passengers and 11 crew were rescued. ^[68]
• A funeral Mass for Rudolph Valentino was held at Saint Malachy's Roman Catholic Church in New York. Thousands watched the funeral cortège as it proceeded down Broadway. ^[69]
• The first air "sleeper" flew from Berlin to London. The Hansa-designed biplane had a toilet, wireless phone and berths with beds for four passengers. ^[70]
• The last voting rights of Italians were removed as the Fascist government abolished the popular election of municipal officers, who were now to be appointed by the state. ^[71]
• Died: Eddie Lyons, 39, American actor

August 31, 1926 (Tuesday)

• The Soviet and Afghan governments signed a Pact of Neutrality and Non-Aggression to supplement an earlier agreement.. ^[72]
• A 5.9 magnitude earthquake in Horta in the Azores killed nine people and destroyed over 4,000 buildings. ^[73]
• Lionello Perera, whose Perera Bank in New York had survived a 1924 panic, reorganized his company into the Commercial Exchange Bank of New York, providing the means for Amadeo Giannini to expand the operations of his Bank of Italy in California, using Perera's Exchange Bank in order to operate in the state of New York, and creating the first nationwide private bank in the United States, the Bank of America.
• Major General Ptolemaios Sarigiannis, Chief of Staff of the Greek Army during the dictatorship of General Theodoros Pangalos, was dismissed from his job nine days after Pangalos' overthrow, and replaced by Major General Alexandros Mazarakis-Ainian. ^[74]
• In Wanhsien, troops of General Yang Sen seized SS Wanhsien for a second time in a week, and captured another merchant ship, Wantung. The commander of HMS Cockchafer did not have enough men to retake both ships this time, so he radioed for help. ^[75]
• Died: Theodora Korte, 53, German author and journalist who also wrote under the name Theo von Nienhaus, died after a long illness. ^[76]

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