August 1925

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August 25, 1925: Occupation of Germany's Ruhr valley by France and Belgium is completed after 31 months. Pictured is the start of the French withdrawal from Dortmund in 1924.

The following events occurred in August 1925:

August 1, 1925 (Saturday)

• Domingos Leite Pereira became Prime Minister of Portugal for the third time.
• The Eugene O'Neill play Desire Under the Elms was banned in Britain. ^[1]
• Many British seamen began a strike in response to their monthly wages bring cut on this day from £10 to £9. Many who were on land refused to sail out; others at sea stayed wherever they landed, from Australia to New Zealand to South Africa. ^[2]
• The Palestinian Citizenship Order 1925 came into effect in the British Mandate for Palestine. ^[3]
• The film Parisian Love starring Clara Bow was released.
• In the U.S., the National Football League (NFL) granted franchises to four new teams for the 1925 season, set to begin on September 20. New teams were granted to the New York Giants (owned by Timothy Mara and Will Gibson); the Detroit (1920s NFL teams)#Detroit Panthers (owned by Jimmy Conzelman; the Providence Steam Rollers (owned by sports editor Charles Coppen; and the Pottsville Maroons (arriving from Pennsylvania's Anthracite League). Each team paid a $2,500 franchise fee.
• Died: F. R. Japp, 77, Scottish chemist known for discovering the Japp–Klingemann reaction for synthesizing hydrazones and diazonium compounds

August 2, 1925 (Sunday)

• The two-day Battle of al-Mazraa began in Syria as 500 Druze and Bedouin horsemen, led by Sultan Pasha al-Atrash, attacked a much larger force of 3,500 French Army of the Levant troops, led by General Roger Michaud. In two days, 601 French troops were killed and 428 wounded. The victory inspired other groups in Syria to revolt. ^[4]
• The D. W. Griffith comedy film Sally of the Sawdust was released.
• Born:
  • Jorge Rafael Videla, President of Argentina from 1976 to 1981, later convicted as a war criminal; in Mercedes (d. 2013) ^[5]
  • Alan Whicker, British journalist and television host known for the BBC 1 and ITV series Whicker's World ; in Cairo, Egypt (d. 2013)
  • Norman "Nim" Hall, English rugby union player with 17 appearances for the England national team; in Huddersfield, West Yorkshire (d.1972) ^[6]

August 3, 1925 (Monday)

• The Fascists won local elections in Sicily. Blackshirts were stationed intimidatingly at every voting booth. ^[7]
• The film The Goose Woman , starring Louise Dresser and Jack Pickford, was released.
• Born:
  • Marv Levy, American professional football coach for the CFL Montreal Alouettes and the NFL Buffalo Bills; in Chicago (alive in 2025) ^[8]
  • Dom Um Romão, Brazilian jazz drummer; in Rio de Janeiro (d. 2005)
  • Karel Fiala, Czech operatic tenor and film actor; in Hrušov, Czechoslovakia(d.2020)
• Died: William Bruce, Australian lawyer and former Test cricket batsman, walked into Port Phillip Bay at Elwood, Victoria and drowned himself. ^[9]

August 4, 1925 (Tuesday)

• The last U.S. Marines were withdrawn from Nicaragua after a thirteen-year occupation by the U.S. that began during the a civil war in 1912. The remaining guard of 129 enlisted men and five officers departed from Corinto on the transport USS Henderson. ^{[10] [11]}
• Hendrikus Colijn became the Prime Minister of the Netherlands, replacing Charles Ruijs de Beerenbrouck, who resigned along with his ministers after the July 1 elections.
• The Columbian Squires, a youth organization for Catholic boys ranging in age from 10 to 18, was founded by Brother Barnabas McDonald of the Knights of Columbus fraternal service order. ^[12]
• Died: Charles W. Clark, 59, American baritone singer, died of a heart attack while sitting in a theater in Chicago. ^[13]

August 5, 1925 (Wednesday)

• Plaid Cymru , now the leading political party in the UK committed to Welsh independence, was founded in a hotel in the village of Pwllheli, Gwynedd by H. R. Jones, Lewis Valentine and Moses Gruffydd of the Byddin Ymreolwyr Cymru; and Saunders Lewis and Fred Jones of Y Mudiad Cymreig; and D. Edmund Williams. The initial goal of the party was to make Welsh the official language of Wales. ^[14]
• Turkey's President Mustafa Kemal divorced his wife of less than two years, Latife Uşaki, after her public efforts to emancipate women and to encourage their independence on choice of clothing. ^[15]
• The Grand Olympic Auditorium opened in Los Angeles, California.
• The so-called "Battle of Ammanford" was fought near the town of Ammanford in Wales as police defended a colliery from strikers determined to have a strikebreaking electrician removed. ^[16]
• Died:
  • Georges Palante, 62, French philosopher and sociologist
  • Albert R. Valentien, 63, American painter known for his water colors of flowers, died from angina pectoris at his home in San Diego ^[17]
  • Emily Harris, 88, New Zealand painter known for her water colours of flowers ^[18]

August 6, 1925 (Thursday)

• General Grigory Kotovsky of the Soviet Union Red Army, a member of the All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee in the Ukrainian SSR, was assassinated by a former assistant, Meyer Zayder. ^[19]
• Eshugbayi Eleko, most important of the African kings within the British-ruled protectorate of Nigeria as the Oba of Lagos, was removed from his position by the colonial government and deported to Oyo two days later after refusing to vacate the royal household. ^[20]
• The Dallas Hilton, the first high-rise hotel to bear the Hilton name, was opened in Dallas, Texas by Conrad Hilton. ^[21]
• Born: Eddie Baily, English footballer and member of the England national team's squad during the 1950 FIFA World Cup; in Clapton, London (d.2010) ^[22]
• Died:
  • Sir Surendranath Banerjee, 76, Indian independence activist known as "Rashtraguru" ("Teacher of the Nation") and founder of the Indian National Association ^[23]
  • Loretta Perfectus Walsh, 29, the first active-duty woman to serve in the United States Navy, died of tuberculosis.
• Samuel Hamilton, 22, Northern Irish footballer for Hull City A.F.C. in the English League died a few days after his second surgery for a nasal condition. ^[24]

August 7, 1925 (Friday)

• The United Kingdom passed the Honours (Prevention of Abuses) Act, making it illegal to sell peerages or any other honours.
• Born:
  • M. S. Swaminathan, Indian geneticist and plant breeder known for his leadership in the a "Green Revolution" in working to prevent world wide famine; in Kumbakonam, Presidency of Fort St. George (now Tamil Nadu state), British India ^[25] (d. 2023)
  • Julián Orbón, Spanish-born Cuban composer; in Avilés (d.1991) ^[26]
  • Art Laboe (stage name for Arthur Egnoian)) American radio host and radio station owner credited with coining the term "Oldies but Goodies"; in Murray, Utah ^[27]

August 8, 1925 (Saturday)

• Approximately 40,000 members of the Ku Klux Klan marched down Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington, D.C.. A planned ceremony afterwards was cancelled due to heavy rain. ^{[28] [29]}
• Born: Alija Izetbegovic, Bosnian politician and head of state of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina between 1990 and 1998 as Chairman of the Tripartite Presidency; in Bosanski Samac, Kingdom of Serbs, Croates and Slovenes (d. 2003)

August 9, 1925 (Sunday)

• The Kakori train robbery was carried out in British India by Indian independence activists of the Hindustan Republican Association at Kakori, a village near Lucknow. ^[30]
• The German Socialist Labour Party of Poland was founded.
• In British Nigeria, Ibikunle Akitoye, President of the United Native Africa Church (UNA), was installed as the new Oba of Lagos after having been elected by the members of the Lagos Ruling House on June 26. ^[31]
• Born: David A. Huffman, American computer scientist known for his development of the algorithms for Huffman coding; in Alliance, Ohio (d. 1999) ^[32]
• Died:
  • Christian Bartholomae, 70, German linguist, best known as the namesake of Bartholomae's law, a rule law regarding the Indo-Iranian language family. ^[33]
• Robert Heppener, Dutch classical music composer; in Amsterdam (d.2009) ^[34]

August 10, 1925 (Monday)

• Belgium and the United States opened talks in Washington, D.C. to settle Belgium's war debt. ^[35]
• Born: Bohuslav Chňoupek, Slovakian politician and Foreign Minister of Czechoslovakia from 1971 to 1988; in Petržalka (d. 2004)

August 11, 1925 (Tuesday)

• French Foreign Minister Aristide Briand met with his British counterpart Austen Chamberlain in London to discuss Germany's proposed security pact. ^[36]
• Born
  • Arlene Dahl, American stage and film actress; in Minneapolis, Minnesota (d. 2021); ^[37]
  • Mike Douglas (stage name for Michael Delaney Dowd Jr.), American television host known The Mike Douglas Show ;in Chicago (d. 2006) ^[38]
• Michael Argyle (psychologist), British social psychologist and author known for The Psychology of Interpersonal Behaviour and other popular books ; in Nottingham (d.2002) ^[39]
• Died:
  • James Douglas Ogilby, 72, Irish-born Australian ichthyologist ^[40]
  • Elisabeth Lemke, 76, Prussian German writer ^[41] died on 11 August 1925 in a retirement home in Sopot, Poland

August 12, 1925 (Wednesday)

• Germany indicated that the return of at least some of its former colonies would be set as a condition to enter the League of Nations. ^[42]
• Born:
  • Norris McWhirter, English writer (d.2004) and twin brother Ross McWhirter, English journalist (murdered 1975), both of whom were known for creating The Guinness Book of World Records and co-founders of Guinness World Records; in Winchmore Hill, Essex
  • Donald Justice, American poet and Pulitzer Prize winner; in Miami (d.2004) ^[43]
• Died:
  • Severo Fernández, 75 President of Bolivia from 1896 to 1899 and president of the National Congress since 1922 ^[44]
  • Léon-Gustave Dehon, 82, French Roman Catholic priest, founder and leader of the Congregation of the Sacred Heart of Jesus since 1878. ^[45]
  • Volodymyr Samiilenko, 61, Ukrainian poet

August 13, 1925 (Thursday)

• George Forbes was elected as the new leader of the New Zealand Liberal Party (NZLP), at the time the minority party, after the resignation of Thomas Wilford. Forbes defeated Thomas Sidey with a majority of the 24 votes cast, though the actual results were not disclosed. Forbes replaced Wilford as the new Leader of the Opposition in advance of the November 4 elections for the New Zealand House of Representatives. ^[46]
• Born: José Sazatornil, Spanish stage, film and television actor and comedian, known for La escopeta nacional ; in Barcelona (d.2015)

August 14, 1925 (Friday)

The Six Grandfathers

The Mount Rushmore monument

• Invited to the Black Hills region of the U.S. state of South Dakota, sculptor Gutzon Borglum scouted for an alternative location for carving a monument on the side of a mountain. ^[47] Borglum's first choice had been to carve into "The Needles", but the granite formations were too thin for sculpting. With a view from the top of Harney Peak (now "Black Elk Peak"), Borglum spotted Mount Rushmore, traditionally called by the indigenous Lakota Sioux people Tȟuŋkášila Šákpe ("The Six Grandfathers") and commented "America will march along that skyline." ^[48]
• Norway formally annexed the Spitzbergen Islands, as the Spitsbergen Treaty went into effect after being signed on February 9, 1920, and one month after the July 17 passage of the Svalbard Act ^[49]
• Born:
  • Manfred Clynes, Austrian-born American inventor, neurophysiologist, musician and concert pianist; in Vienna ^[50] (d.2020)
  • Rashid Karim, Bangladeshi novelist; in Calcutta, Presidency of Fort William in Bengal (d. 2011)
• Died: Charles Jacot-Guillarmod, 56, French cartographer who created the first topographical map of Mount Everest ^[51]

August 15, 1925 (Saturday)

• In the U.S., Norman Clyde became the first person to climb to the top of the 13,417 feet (4,090 m) high Mount Lamarck in California. ^[52]
• The U.S. town of Murray Hill, Florida, incorporated in 1907, went out of existence and was incorporated into the city of Jacksonville.
• Born:
  • Mike Connors (stage name for Krekor Ohanian), American TV and film actor known for Mannix , 1979 Golden Globe Award winner; in Fresno, California (d.2017) ^[53]
  • Huda Sultan (stage name for Bahiga Abdel'al), Egyptian film actress and singer; in Tanta (d.2006) ^[54]
  • Stephen de Mowbray, British counterintelligence officer; in Lymington, Hampshire (d.2016) ^[55]
  • Ruth Lessing, American AAGPBL baseball player who led the league in fielding average (1945), most assists (1946) and games played (1948); in San Antonio, Texas (d. 2000);
  • Oscar Peterson, Canadian jazz pianist and composer; in Montreal, Quebec (d. 2007);
  • Bill Pinkney, American singer and member of The Drifters; in Dalzell, South Carolina (d. 2007)
• Died:
  • Konrad Mägi, 46, Estonian landscape and portrait painter died from tuberculosis ^[56]
  • Ralph "The Barber" Daniello (alias for Alfonso Pepe), 39, Italian-born American gangster and mob informant, was shot to death in front of a business that he owned in Newark, New Jersey ^[57]

August 16, 1925 (Sunday)

• The successful film The Unholy Three , starring Lon Chaney, was released across the U.S. after an initial showing on May 30.
• The Cuban Communist Party was founded in Havana by several people under the leadership of José Miguel Pérez, José Peña Vilaboa and Jorge A. Vivó, with financing from Soviet officials of the Communist International organization. ^[58] Renamed the Popular Socialist Party in 1939, the party would exist until 1961 with its merger into Fidel Castro's Organizaciones Revolucionarias Integradas (Integrated Revolutionary Organizations), which in turn would become the new Communist Party of Cuba in 1965.
• Turkish Aerospace Industries (Türk Havacılık Ve Uzay Sanayi Anonim Şirketi or TUSAŞ) was founded as Turkish Aircraft and Engine Limited Company (Tayyare ve Motor Türk Anonim Şirketi, TOMTAŞ) in Kayseri ^[59]
• Born:
  • Mikhail Kovalev, the last Soviet prime minister of the Byelorussian SSR, from 1986 to the 1990 independence of Belarus; in Dubrovytsia (d.2007)
  • Kirke Mechem, American operatic composer known for Tartuffe ; in Wichita, Kansas (living in 2025)
  • Mal Waldron, American jazz pianist and composer known for "Soul Eyes"; in New York City (d.2002) ^[60]
  • Bullumba Landestoy, Dominican pianist and composer known for; in La Romana (d.2018) ^[61]
  • Harold Paris, American painter; in Edgemere, New York (d.1979) ^[62]
  • Gerald F. Hawthorne, American New Testament scholar and translator ^[63]
  • Willie "Puddin' Head" Jones, American baseball player and All-Star in 1950 and 1951 for the Philadelphia Phillies; in Dillon, South Carolina (d. 1983);

August 17, 1925 (Monday)

• The Fourteenth World Zionist Congress opened in Vienna. Thirty people were hurt, and 50 arrests were made as protests outside the Congress by Austrian fascists turned violent. ^[64]
• Benjamin Franklin University opened in Washington D.C., initially as a branch campus of New York City's Pace Institute. ^[65] BFU would remain a white-only institution until integrated in 1964, and would close after the 1986-1987 academic year. ^[66]
• Born: Li Zaiping, Chinese molecular biologist in genetic engineering; in Beijing (d.2018) ^[67]
• Died: Ioan Slavici, 77, Romanian writer

August 18, 1925 (Tuesday)

• A boiler exploded on the steamship Mackinac in Narragansett Bay off the coast of Rhode Island, killing 42 people, most whom were scalded by the steam. ^{[68] [69]} The Mackinac had 677 people on board and had just departed the harbor [[Newport, Rhode Island], bound for Pawtucket when the blast happened at 5:55 p.m. ^[70]
• Responding to Germany's embargo on imported American automobiles, Ford-Werke GmbH was established as a German corporation by the Ford Motor Company of the U.S. with a factory in the Westhafen district of Berlin. The factory would assemble its first Model T cars on April 1, 1926. ^{[71] [72]}
• The United States and Belgium signed an agreement on Belgian war debt.</ref> ^[73]
• Born:
  • Brian Aldiss, English fantasy and science fiction writer and Hugo Award winner, writer of more than 80 novels and known for the Helliconia trilogy; in East Dereham, Norfolk (d. 2017)
  • Reuma Weizman, First Lady of Israel from 1993 to 2000 as the wife of President Ezer Weizman; in London (living in 2025)
• Died:
  • Edward Flanagan, 45, American actor in vaudeville and on film, died five days after becoming ill while performing at the Metropolitan Theatre in Los Angeles, from peritonitis after emergency surgery for stomach ulcers." ^[74]
  • Eleonore Noll-Hasenclever, 45, German mountain climber who had climbed more than 150 summits above 12,000 feet (3,700 m) in her lifetime, was killed in an avalanche while descending the Bishorn in the Pennine Alps in Switzerland. ^[75]

August 19, 1925 (Wednesday)

• The government of Guangdong (referred to by the Western press as "Canton" at the time) banned British and Japanese ships from entering or leaving the region's ports. ^{[76] [77]}
• Born: Frederic M. Richards, American biochemist and geneticist known for discovering the crystal structure of the ribonuclease S enzyme and for defining the measurement of the Lee-Richards molecular surface area; in New York City (d.2009) ^{[78] [79]}

August 20, 1925 (Thursday)

• The day after the Chinese Kuomintang government in Canton (now Guangzhou) had banned British and Japanese ships from entering or leaving the harbor, the Republic of China's finance minister, Liao Zhongkai, was assassinated as he stepped out of his limousine for a meeting of the Kuomintang's Executive Committee. Five gunmen with Mauser C96 semi-automatic pistols shot him multiple times outside the building. ^[80]
• As a French delegation was negotiating with the rebels led by Sultan al-Atrash for a peace agreement to end the Great Syrian Revolt in the French Mandate of Syria, a delegation led by Tawfiq al-Halabi arrived at al-Atrash's headquarters and persuaded him not to negotiate further.
• Born:
  • John Rassias, American professor who developed the Rassias Method, (the Dartmouth Intensive Language Model) for the teaching of foreign languages; in Manchester, New Hampshire (d.2015) ^[81]
  • Juan Cancel Ríos, President of the Senate of Puerto Rico from 1973 to 1976; in Barceloneta, Puerto Rico (d. 1992) ^[82]
  • Robert T. Latshaw, U.S. Air Force fighter ace during the Korean War, with five shootdowns; in St. Louis (killed in plane crash, 1956) ^[83]

August 21, 1925 (Friday)

• Belgium passed a specific nationality law for the League of Nations mandated territory of Ruanda-Urundi (now the nations of Rwanda and Burundi) in Central Africa, separating the territory from the colony of the Belgian Congo (now the Democratic Republic of the Congo) and clarifying that African residents of the territory had no right to Belgian citizenship and were subjects of their native chiefs. ^[84]
• The British seamen's strike spread to Australia. ^[2]
• The Dutch football club FC Emmen was founded.
• Born: Toma Caragiu, Greek-born Romanian TV and film actor; in Chroupista (now Argos Orestiko)
• Died:
  • William Lancelot Jordan, 28, South African flying ace credited with 39 victories during World War One, died the day after being injured in a car accident in England while driving in Guildford, Surrey. ^[85]
  • Eugen Gutmann, 85, German banker and philanthropist known for founding Dresdner Bank and Deutsche Orientbank ^[86]

August 22, 1925 (Saturday)

• Boxer Fidel LaBarba defeated Frankie Genaro in a ten-round decision to win the vacant World Flyweight Championship in Los Angeles. ^[87]
• Born:
  • Honor Blackman, English TV and film actress best known for the role of "Pussy Galore" in Goldfinger ; in Plaistow, Newham (d. 2020);
  • Ashfaq Ahmed, Pakistani novelist and playwright; in Muktsar, Punjab Province, British India (now Punjab state in India (d.2004) ^[88]
  • Malladi Chandrasekhara Sastry, Indian Hindu scholar and TV personality]]; in Krosuru, Presidency of Fort St. George, British India (now the state of Andhra Pradesh (d.2022) ^[89]
  • Terry Donahue, Canadian AAGPBL baseball player, inductee to the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame; in Saskatchewan (d. 2019)
• Died:
  • Zigfrīds Meierovics, 38, Foreign Minister of Latvia since its independence in 1918, and Prime Minister of Latvia twice between 1921 and 1924, was killed in a car accident. ^[90]
  • Leo Lanzetta, 30, American gangster, narcotics dealer and bootlegger for the Lanzetta brothers was shot and killed in Philadelphia as he was leaving a barber shop at the corner of 7th and Bainbridge Streets, ^[91] in retaliation for his the August 22 killing of rival bootlegger Joseph Toscascia, aka Joe Bruno. ^[92]

August 23, 1925 (Sunday)

• After winning two early engagements against French colonial forces in the Great Syrian Revolt, Druze leader Sultan al-Atrash declared a revolution across the Syrian Mandate against France. ^[93]
• An assortment of fascists, monarchists and Nazis marched in a parade in Vienna protesting against the World Zionist Congress, shouting antisemitic slogans and singing patriotic songs. ^[94]
• Born:
  • John Farber, Romanian-born American chemist, businessman and billionaire owner of the chemical conglomerate ICC Industries; in Timișoara ^{[95] [96]} (d.2024)
  • 1st Lt. Baldomero López USMC, posthumous Medal of Honor winner for his heroism at the Inchon Landing during the Korean War; in Tampa (killed in action, 1950) ^[97]

August 24, 1925 (Monday)

• The films The Street of Forgotten Men and Beggar on Horseback were released.
• Welterweight boxing champion Mickey Walker fought William "Sailor" Friedman to a no-decision in Chicago. Al Capone met Walker in the dressing room before the match and advised him to go easy on Friedman. ^{[98] [99]}
• Born: Duncan Hall, Australian rugby league player with 22 appearances for the Australian national team (d. 2011)

August 25, 1925 (Tuesday)

• The Occupation of the Ruhr in Germany ended after four years as the last French and Belgian troops withdrew from Düsseldorf, Duisburg and Ruhrort. ^[100]
• In the U.S., the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters was organized by A. Philip Randolph, Milton Webster, and C. L. Dellums at a meeting of about 500 African-American railway workers seeking higher pay and better working conditions in their jobs as domestic servants for the Pullman Company's sleeper cars. ^{[101] [102]}
• The Klaipėda Convention, signed on May 8, 1924, went into effect, placing the former German Memel Territory under the administration of Lithuania. ^[103]
• In the Rif War, The Moroccan Rif city of Al Hoceima was virtually leveled from Spanish naval bombardment. ^[104]
• The Legislative Palace of Uruguay was inaugurated in Montevideo for the use of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. ^[105]
• Born:
  • Hilmar Hoffmann, German stage and film director, author of Kultur für alle!
  • Thea Astley, Australian novelist and short story writer; in Brisbane (d. 2004)
  • Major General Evert Båge, Chief of the Air Staff of Sweden 1980 to 1984; in Alingsås (d. 2021) ^[106]
• Died: Franz Graf Conrad von Hötzendorf, 72, Austrian field marshal and Chief of the General Staff of the Austro-Hungarian Army and Navy from 1906 to 1917. ^[107]

August 26, 1925 (Wednesday)

• African-American singer Marian Anderson first achieved fame as she performed in a concert with the New York Philharmonic orchestra after finishing first in a competition sponsored by the organization. ^[108]
• Thunderstorms and flooding killed 11 people in Japan. Many bridges were washed out and a railway tunnel in Atami collapsed. ^[109]
• Marshal Philippe Pétain took command of French forces in the Rif War. ^[29]
• The film The Merry Widow opened.
• Born:
  • Bimal Kumar Bachhawat, Indian neurochemist and glycobiologist, known for his discovery of HMG-CoA lyase and for the elucidation of the molecular cause of metachromatic leukodystrophy; in Calcutta, British India. ^[110]
  • Gale Sieveking, French-born British prehistoric archaeologist known for his identification of where flint tools were most likely to be found based on trace elements; in Cagnes-sur-Mer, Alpes-Maritimes département (d.2007) ^[111]
  • Sangharakshita (born Dennis Lingwood), British Buddhist spiritual teacher and founder of the Friends of the Western Buddhist Order in 1967; in Tooting, London (d.2018). ^[112]

August 27, 1925 (Thursday)

• The first issue of Automotive News was published. It was initially published five times a week. ^[113]
• American waterskier Ralph Samuelson, who had already performed the first water ski jump on July 8, became the first speed skier when he reached a speed of 80 miles per hour (130 km/h) while being towed by a sea plane at Lake Pepin in Minnesota. ^[114]

Kemal and Turks before and after Hat Revoution

• Turkey's President Mustafa Kemal, as part of his reform of previous Ottoman laws that required people of different religions to wear different headdresses and clothes, delivered the "Hat Speech" to a crowd at İnebolu and declared that the people should wear western-style headgear rather than the traditional fez, demonstrating it by wearing a white Panama hat. He added that he would abolish the requirement that women should wear veils, telling the crowd "During my travels, I saw that our women friends... were covering their faces and eyes very tightly and carefully. I suppose that this style, especially in this hot season, must definitely cause them torment and suffering. Male friends, this is partly due to our selfishness. It is a requirement of being very chaste and very careful. However, honorable friends, our women are also perceptive and thoughtful people like us. In order to strongly inculcate sacred moral values in them, after explaining our national moral values and identifying their minds with light and purity, there is no need for much selfishness." ^[115]
• Born: Nat Lofthouse, English footballer with 33 caps for the England national team; in Bolton, Lancashire (d. 2011)

August 28, 1925 (Friday)

• Several prominent Nicaraguan politicians were kidnapped in Managua when armed men burst into a formal reception, took hostages and withdrew to the mountain-top fortress of La Loma. ^[116]
• Born:
  • Donald O'Connor, American film and TV actor, dancer and singer known for Singin' in the Rain and the Francis the Talking Mule series of seven movies; in Chicago (d. 2003) ^[117]
  • Leonard Casley, Australian farmer known for his 1970 declaration of independence for his 29 square miles (75 km²) wheat farm near Geraldton, Western Australia, as the "Principality of Hutt River micronation with himself as the ruling monarch; in Kalgoorlie, Western Australia (d.2019) ^[118]
  • Edward N. Peterson, American historian and author of numerous books on German and East German history; in St. Joseph, Missouri (d. 2005)
  • Philip Purser, British television critic and novelist; in Letchworth, Hertfordshire (d.2022) ^[119]
  • John Gillett, British film critic for the British Film Institute; in Acton, London (d.1995)

August 29, 1925 (Saturday)

• The Chinese city of Shijiazhuang was incorporated in Hebei province as "Shimen" after the merger of two villages, Shijia and Xiumen. Within 20 years, migration would boost its population to 120,000 and after almost 100 years after its founding it had a population in 2020 of 6.2 million people. ^[120]
• The Nicaraguan rebels released their hostages taken the day before and agreed to withdraw from La Loma in exchange for payment of a ransom. ^[116]
• Babe Ruth was fined $5,000 and suspended for one week by New York Yankees manager Miller Huggins, after failing to show up for batting practice. ^[121] Having missed four games, Ruth was reinstated on September 5 after apologizing to Huggins. ^[122]
• In the Great Syrian Revolt, Druze rebels captured As-Suwayda citadel from the French after a forty-day siege. ^[123]
• Singapore FA defeated Selangor FA, 2 to 1, to win the 1925 Malaya Cup championship game in Malayan soccer football. ^[124]
• The 18-story luxury Mayfair Hotel (now the Magnolia Hotel St. Louis) opened in St. Louis, Missouri. ^[125]
• Born:
  • Demetrio B. Lakas, President of Panama from 1969 to 1978; in Colón (d. 1999)
  • Nelly Beltrán (stage name for Nélida Dodó López Valverde), Argentine stage, film and TV acress; in Buenos Aires (d.2007) ^[126]
  • M. G. Gupta, Indian Urdu language author and poet who wrote under the pen name Bekas Akbarabadi; in Kairana, United Provinces of Agra and Oudh (now Uttar Pradesh state), British India (d.2011) ^[127]
• Died:
  • Henry Jones Ford, 74, American political scientist, author and newspaper editor ^{[128] [129]}
  • William Stoddard, 89, American novelist and journalist who had been private secretary for U.S. President Abraham Lincoln "New Jersey Man, Once Secretary To Lincoln, Dies". Sunday News . Madison, New Jersey. Associated Press. August 30, 1925. p. 28. Retrieved January 17, 2021– via Newspapers.com.
  • Sam Brown, 80, American frontiersman nicknamed "the Paul Revere of the Prairie"<refAnderson, Grant K. (1977). "The Prairie Paul Revere". South Dakota State Historical Society. Retrieved 2016-07-21.</ref>

August 30, 1925 (Sunday)

• Chile held a constitutional referendum with a choice of two draft constitutions. The liberal version supported by President Arturo Alessandri won with 94.84% of the vote. ^[130]
• Mountaineer Norman Clyde became the first person to reach the top of the 13,899 feet (4,236 m) high Mount Agassiz in California. ^[131]
• Italy's Ministry of Aeronautics was formed as a cabinet level department to regulate both the Italian Air Force and civil aviation, and as an equal to the Ministry of War and the Ministry of the Navy. Prime Minister Benito Mussolini appointed himself as the first Aeronautics Minister. The ministries of War, the Navy and of Aeronautics would be merged in 1947 into a single Ministry of Defense.
• The Western film The Lucky Horseshoe was released.
• Born: Laurent de Brunhoff, author and illustrator known for popularizing and continuing the Babar the Elephant series of children's books originally created by his father, Jean de Brunhoff; in Paris (d. 2024) ^[132]

August 31, 1925 (Monday)

• Peruvian aviator Alejandro Velasco Astete became the first person to fly over the South America's Andes Mountains, departing from at sea level from Pisco in an Ansaldo SVA biplane and, after reaching an altitude of 16,000 feet (4,900 m) landing 3 hours and 40 minutes later at Cuzco at an elevation of 11,200 feet (3,400 m). ^[133]
• French and Spanish planes and warships conducted a massive bombardment of the Rif Republic capital of Ajdir. ^[134]
• It was announced that Germany had met all its due payments under the first year of the Dawes Plan, which had commenced on September 1, 1924. ^[135]
• A pair of PN-9 seaplanes under the direction of U.S. Navy Commander John Rodgers took off from San Pablo, California, attempting to be the first to fly from California to Hawaii and to set a new record for a non-stop flight by a seaplane. One of the planes, PN-9 No. 3, commanded by Lt. Allen P. Snody, had engine failure five hours into its flight and was forced to land on the water, but the Rodgers flight, PN-9 No. 1, continued toward Hawaii with its crew of five. ^[136]
• Born:
  • Maurice Pialat, French filmmaker; in Cunlhat(d. 2003)
  • Ernest H. Nickel, Canadian-born Australian mineralogist known as the co-creator of the Nickel-Strunz classification for minerals; in Louth, Ontario (d. 2009) ^[137]
  • Pete Vonachen, American businessman and minor league baseball team owner; in Peoria, Illinois (d. 2013)

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