May 1926

1926

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30	31

May 26, 1926: Rif Republic leader Abd el-Krim surrenders to French Army

May 31, 1926: U.S. Sesquicentennial Exhibition opens in Philadelphia

The following events occurred in May 1926:

May 1, 1926 (Saturday)

• The lockout of 800,000 British coal miners began, three days before the nationwide Trades Union Congress strike was to begin. ^[1]
• The Ford Motor Company became the first major American company to introduce the 40-hour workweek and the two-day weekend, giving its workers Saturday off after having reduced the work day to 8 hours for six days a week. The reduction from 48-hours to 40 hours came with no reduction in pay. ^{[2] [3]}
• In Poland, five people were killed and 28 injured in fighting between socialists and communists during May Day events in Warsaw. ^[4]
• Swinton Lions (who had finished third in England's Northern Rugby Football League with a record of 26 wins and 2 draws) defeated seventh-place Oldham, 9 to 3, to win the Challenge Cup at the Athletic Grounds, Rochdale, before 27,000 spectators. ^[5]
• Born:
  • Peter Lax, Hungarian-born U.S. mathematician and Abel Prize laureate, known for the Lax conjecture; in Budapest (d. 2025) ^[6]
  • Kenneth W. Ford, American physicist who served as CEO and Executive Director of the American Institute of Physics; in West Palm Beach, Florida (alive in 2025)
  • Héctor Villa Osorio, Colombian businessman who founded the pharmaceutical conglomerate Dromayor; in Manizales(d.2012)
  • Lev Razumovsky, Soviet Russian sculptor; in Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg) (d.2006)
  • Marion Wells, American fundraiser and conservative activist; in Brooklyn, New York City (d. 2016)

May 2, 1926 (Sunday)

• The Leopard of Rudraprayag, a man-eating leopard that had killed more than 125 people in British India's United Provinces, was shot by famous big game hunter Jim Corbett, who had tracked the big cat for 10 weeks. ^[7]
• Civil war broke out in Nicaragua when a group of exiled members of the Partido Liberal, led by José María Moncada, landed at Bluefields. Moncada's objective was to topple the government of President Emiliano Chamorro Vargas of the Partido Conservador, who had overthrown an elected coalition government in March. ^[8]

May 3, 1926 (Monday)

• At one minute to midnight, the call by Britain's Trades Union Congress for its members to walk out on strike took effect. An estimated 1.7 million people began would join the strike in support of the locked out miners. ^{[1] [9] [10] [11]}
• In British India, Miangul Abdul Wadud was recognized by the colonial government as the ruler of the princely state of Swat, and the successor to the late Syed Abdul Jabbar Shah. Wadud would rule until 1949, shortly after the princely state was integrated into Pakistan upon the division of British India. ^[12]
• Born: Milton Santos, Brazilian geographer and laureate of the 1994 Vautin Lud International Geography Prize; in Brotas de Macaúbas, Bahia state (d.2001) ^[13]
• Died: Victor, Prince Napoléon, 63, Bonapartist pretender to the throne of France as a descendant of Napoleon Bonaparte, recognized by Bonapartists as the head of the House of Bonaparte since 1879 as "Napoleon V". ^[14] His successor at the House of Bonaparte, was Victor's 12-year-old son, Louis, Prince Napoleon, who would continue as the pretender until his own death in 1997. ^[15]

May 4, 1926 (Tuesday)

• Britain came to a standstill on the first full day of the general strike, with at least 1,500,000 employees of the railway industry and other public transport not showing up for work. The underground subway lines, rail stations, streetcars and buses were closed and the streets of London were devoid of street cars or buses and most commuters walked to work. ^[16] Throughout Britain, passenger and freight railway transport were suspended for the duration of the strike. ^[17] Members of 205 labor and trade unions honored the strike call, including the 750,000 of the Miners' Federation, more than 327,000 of the National Union of Railway Workers, almost 335,000 of the United Textile Workers Association. ^[18]
• The Ballets Russes staged a production of Romeo and Juliet at the Opéra de Monte-Carlo, with sets and costumes designed by Surrealist artists Max Ernst and Joan Miró. ^[19]
• Stinson Aircraft Corporation was incorporated in the U.S. by Eddie Stinson for the manufacture of single-engine airplanes, the most popular of which were the Stinson 108 and the Stinson V-76 Sentinel. ^[20]
• Born:
  • Milt Thompson, NASA test pilot and U.S. Navy officer who was the first person to fly the NASA M2-F1, the first "lifting body" wingless aircraft, and one of only 12 pilots to fly the North American X-15 hypersonic rocket-powered aircraft; in Crookston, Minnesota (d.1993). ^[21]
  • Peter G. Ossorio, American psychologist known for developing the concept of descriptive psychology; in Los Angeles (d.2007)
  • June Middleton, Australian polio survivor who spent more than 60 years in an iron lung, contracting polio at age 22 and remaining in need of the machine for the rest of her life; in Melbourne (d.2009) ^[22]

May 5, 1926 (Wednesday)

• Two new newspapers, the British Worker (supporting the general strike) and the British Gazette (condemning it) appeared in Britain to fill the void left by the other dailies that only published in very limited form during the strike.
• The Norge airship left Gatchina near Leningrad, bound for Vadsø in preparation to cross the North Pole.
• Born:
  • Ann B. Davis, American TV actress and comedian, winner of two Emmy Awards for The Bob Cummings Show , but remembered best for portraying Alice on The Brady Bunch ; in Schenectady, New York(d.2014) ^{[23] [24]}
  • Maurice Green, American virologist and founder of the Institute of Molecular Virology at the St. Louis University School of Medicine]]; in New York City (d.2017) ^[25]
  • Neil "Bing" Russell, American film and TV actor; in Brattleboro, Vermont (d. 2003) ^[26]
• Died:
  • Franz von Soxhlet, 76, German chemist and inventor known for patenting the Soxhlet extractor for extracting lipids from solid material ^[27]
  • Fyodor Funtikov, 50, Azerbaijan anti-Communist known for ordering the 1918 execution of the "26 Baku Commissars", was executed in Baku after having returned to the Russian SFSR. ^[28]
  • Charles S.L. Baker, 66, American inventor known for creating the friction heater (b. 1859) ^[29]

May 6, 1926 (Thursday)

• The first night landing of an airplane on the deck of a ship was accomplished in Britain when Royal Air Force pilot G. H. Boyce landed a Blackburn Dart on the deck of the aircraft carrier HMS Furious HMS Furious. ^[30]
• Germany's Reichstag voted on the Fürstenenteignung the proposal to seize the dynastic properties of the former ruling houses of the German Empire. The expropriation of properties was scheduled to be voted upon in a public referendum on June 29, and passage of the bill would have made the referendum moot. With bourgeois political parties in the majority, the Reichstag vote failed, with 142 for and 236 against. ^[31]
• Meeting in Lisbon, the International Olympic Committee awarded the right to host the 1928 Winter Olympics to St. Moritz in Switzerland, where all three bidders (St. Moritz, Davois and Engelberg) were located. ^[32]
• Limited services returned around Britain as volunteers and strike-breaking workers stepped in, notably to help distribute food and provide other necessities. ^[33]
• Born: Edward Clark, American painter, in Storyville, New Orleans (d. 2019)
• Died: S. I. Smith, 83, American zoologist who identified and classified numerous species of crustaceans (primarily crabs and lobsters), including Cardisoma crassum (the "mouthless crab"), and Uca pugnax (the "Atlantic marsh fiddler crab") ^[34]

May 7, 1926 (Friday)

• Nicaragua was invaded by a U.S. Navy force of 213 officers and men, brought by the cruiser USS Cleveland at Bluefields, to protect U.S. citizens during the recent renewal of the Nicaraguan Civil War. ^[35]
• With peace talks having failed, French warplanes bombed Rif Republic positions in Morocco as the Rif War resumed. ^[36]
• On the sixth day of the United Kingdom general strike, Liberal Party MP Herbert Samuel, authorized to negotiate on behalf of the British government, met with Trades Union Congress (TUC) leader Walter Citrine and Miners' Federation of Great Britain (MFGB) leader A. J. Cook to tentatively agree to a set of proposals to end the work shutdown. While the TUC members approved the plan, the Miners Federation rejected it.
• In the Soviet Union, Léon Theremin demonstrated his experimental television system which electrically transmitted and then projected near-simultaneous moving images on a five-foot square screen as part of his thesis. ^[37]
• Born: Jacqueline Moreau, French ballerina and principal dancer for the Paris Opera Ballet; in Bandol, Var département (d.2018) ^[38]

May 8, 1926 (Saturday)

Baldwin

• Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin addressed the British public about the ongoing strike in an evening radio broadcast; such a broadcast in a time of emergency was the first of its kind in the country. ^[39]
• Wigan defeated Warrington 22–10 to win the Northern Rugby Football League championship. ^[40]

Sir David Attenborough

Don Rickles

• Born:
  • Sir David Attenborough, English documentary producer and naturalist; in Isleworth, London (alive in 2025)
  • Don Rickles, American TV and film comedian who specialized in insult comedy; in Queens, New York City (d. 2017)

May 9, 1926 (Sunday)

Byrd and Bennett

• Explorer Richard E. Byrd and co-pilot Floyd Bennett claimed to be the first to fly over the North Pole in the Josephine Ford monoplane, taking off from Spitsbergen, Norway and returning 15 hours and 44 minutes later. Both men were immediately hailed as national heroes, though some experts have since been skeptical of the claim, believing that the plane was unlikely to have covered the entire distance and back in that short an amount of time. ^[41] An entry in Byrd's diary discovered in 1996 suggested that the plane actually turned back 150 miles short of the North Pole due to an oil leak. ^[42]
• Although Britain was quiet in light of the Sabbath, soldiers were becoming an increasingly common sight in the streets of London. ^[43]
• Died: J. M. Dent, 76, British publisher

May 10, 1926 (Monday)

• The Flying Scotsman, the train on the route between Edinburgh and King's Cross, London, was derailed in Northumberland by a group of locked-out miners who pulled up the tracks. This caused the Government to use increasingly hostile rhetoric against the strikers, using such terms as "anarchists" and "lunatics". ^{[1] [44]}
• Born: Tichi Wilkerson Kassel, film personality and the publisher of The Hollywood Reporter ; in Los Angeles (d. 2004)

May 11, 1926 (Tuesday)

• In Britain, Mr. Justice Asbury granted an injunction to the National Sailors' and Firemen's Union to enjoin the General-Secretary of its Tower Hill branch from calling its members out on strike. Astbury ruled that the strike was not protected by the Trade Disputes Act 1906 and that the strike in the plaintiff union had been called in contravention of its own rules. ^[45] The ruling came as a heavy blow to the Unions' cause. ^[46]
• The airship Norge departed Ny-Ålesund en route to the North Pole. Roald Amundsen led the 16-man crew.

May 12, 1926 (Wednesday)

The Norge

Pilsudski and his aides

• The Italian-built airship Norge reached the North Pole at 01:25 Greenwich time; Norwegian, American and Italian flags were dropped onto the ice. The Norge continued on toward Alaska in its bid to cross the entire Arctic Ocean. ^[47]
• The May Coup began in Poland. A state of emergency was declared as units loyal to Marshal Józef Piłsudski marched on Warsaw.
• The Trades Union Congress called off the general strike. ^[48]
• Hans Luther resigned as Chancellor of Germany after losing a vote of no confidence in the Reichstag. ^[49]
• Planes piloted by Major Harold Geiger and Horace Meek Hickam, students at the Air Corps Tactical School, collided in mid-air at Langley Field, Virginia. Both pilots survived; Hickham joined the Caterpillar Club by parachuting to safety.

May 13, 1926 (Thursday)

• The Polish government held negotiations with Marshal Piłsudski. No agreement was reached and fighting broke out around 19:00 hours.
• Britain started to return to normal on the first day back from the general strike, though many transport services were late in their resumption. Voluntary workers were still keeping buses and trains running. ^[50] Miners remained locked out.

May 14, 1926 (Friday)

• In Poland, President Stanisław Wojciechowski and Prime Minister Wincenty Witos resigned their positions to prevent the fighting in Warsaw from becoming a country-wide civil war. Maciej Rataj took over as acting President.
• Due to worsening weather, the crew of the Norge decided to land rather than press on to their goal of Nome. The airship touched down in Teller, Alaska.
• The Mary Pickford film Sparrows was released.
• Born: Eric Morecambe, English comedian; in Morecambe, Lancashire (d. 1984)

May 15, 1926 (Saturday)

• Kazimierz Bartel took over as Prime Minister of Poland.
• Bubbling Over won the 1926 Kentucky Derby.
• Born:
  • Sir Peter Shaffer, English playwright and screenwriter (d. 2016)
  • Anthony Shaffer, novelist and playwright. The twin brothers were born in Liverpool. (d. 2001)

May 16, 1926 (Sunday)

• FC Barcelona won Spain's Copa del Rey for the seventh time, defeating Atlético Madrid 3–2.
• The hit film Aloma of the South Seas opened.
• Died: Mehmed VI, 65, the last Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, who reigned from 1918 until being deposed upon the abolition of the monarchy by the Republic of Turkey in 1922. His 13-year-old son Şehzade Mehmed Ertuğrul made no pretense of claiming the abolished throne.

May 17, 1926 (Monday)

Wilhelm Marx

• Wilhelm Marx became Chancellor of Germany for the second time.
• Born: Franz Sondheimer, German-born British chemist; in Stuttgart (d. 1981)

May 18, 1926 (Tuesday)

• The nationally famous Christian evangelist preacher Aimee Semple McPherson was kidnapped from a beach in Venice, California. At first believed to be the victim of a drowning, McPherson would reappear after a memorial service had been held at the Angelus Temple. ^[51]
• Born: Dirch Passer, Danish comedian and film actor; in Østerbro, Copenhagen (d. 1980)

May 19, 1926 (Wednesday)

• The French Air Force bombed Damascus, trying to suppress the ongoing revolt. ^[52]

May 20, 1926 (Thursday)

• The United States Congress passed the Air Commerce Act, licensing pilots and planes.
• The Railway Labor Act was also passed.
• Pete Latzo won the World Welterweight Boxing Title, defeating Mickey Walker in Scranton, Pennsylvania.
• Born: John Lucarotti, English screenwriter; in Aldershot, Hampshire (d. 1994)

May 21, 1926 (Friday)

• The adventure film The Barrier , starring Lionel Barrymore, was released.
• Born: Robert Creeley, poet, in Arlington, Massachusetts (d. 2005)

May 22, 1926 (Saturday)

• Belgium, France, Great Britain and Netherlands signed the Belgian Neutrality Treaty, which formally abrogated the 1839 Treaty of London. ^{[53] [54]}
• The St. Louis Cardinals held "Rogers Hornsby Day", where the player-manager was presented $1,000 in gold and a medal for being named the National League's Most Valuable Player for 1925. ^[55] Hornsby then went 2-for-4 in a 9-2 Cardinals win over the Philadelphia Phillies. ^[56]

May 23, 1926 (Sunday)

• The first Constitution of Lebanon was promulgated.
• An estimated 30,000 members of the Communist Party of Germany demonstrated in Berlin. About 50,000 members of Der Stahlhelm held a demonstration of their own in Düsseldorf. ^[57]

May 24, 1926 (Monday)

• The Mexican government announced the nationalization of minerals and petroleum resources, which clouded the property rights of foreign resource extraction companies and increased tensions between Mexico and the United States. ^[54]
• The National Libertarian Federation of Trade Unions was founded in Japan.
• The eruption of Mount Tokachi killed 165 people in Hokkaido, Japan.^{[ page needed ]}

May 25, 1926 (Tuesday)

Petlura

• Ukrainian nationalist leader Symon Petliura was assassinated by the anarchist poet Sholom Schwartzbard in the center of Paris.
• Parliamentary elections were held in Romania. The People's Party won 292 out of 387 contested seats. ^[58]
• U.S. President Coolidge signed the Public Buildings Act into law. ^[59]
• Born:
  • Claude Akins, American character actor, in Nelson, Georgia (d. 1994) ^[60]
  • Bill Sharman, American basketball player and coach, inductee to the Basketball Hall of Fame as both a player and coach; in Abilene, Texas (d. 2013)
• Died: Symon Petliura, 47, Ukrainian independence fighter

May 26, 1926 (Wednesday)

• Riffian rebel leader Abd el-Krim surrendered to the French in Morocco, ending the Rif War.
• Born: Miles Davis; American jazz musician, trumpeter and bandleader, in Alton, Illinois (d. 1991)

May 27, 1926 (Thursday)

• The Rif Republic was disestablished.
• The Thayer Hotel of the United States Military Academy at West Point officially opened.
• Born: Kees Rijvers, Dutch footballer with 33 caps for the Netherlands national team; in Breda (d. 2024)

May 28, 1926 (Friday)

Gomes da Costa leading the uprising

• The 28 May coup d'état, commanded by Manuel Gomes da Costa, began in Braga, Portugal.

May 29, 1926 (Saturday)

• The military coup in Braga spread to the rest of Portugal. The Ditadura Nacional (National Dictatorship) was established.
• Born: Abdoulaye Wade, President of Senegal 2000 to 2012; in Kébémer (alive in 2024)

May 30, 1926 (Sunday)

• António Maria da Silva resigned as Prime Minister of Portugal.
• The drama film The Unknown Soldier opened.
• Born: Tsuneo Watanabe, Japanese media executive known for owning the Yomiuri Shimbun newspaper and the Nippon Television Network; in Tokyo (d. 2024)

May 31, 1926 (Monday)

• José Mendes Cabeçadas became both President and Prime Minister of Portugal.
• The Polish Sejm elected Marshal Piłsudski President of the Republic, but he refused the position due to its limited powers.
• The opening ceremonies for the Sesquicentennial Exposition, celebrating the 150th anniversary of the signing of the U.S. Declaration of Independence, were held in Philadelphia.
• Frank Lockhart won the Indianapolis 500.
• India, New Zealand and West Indies were elected as full members of the Imperial Cricket Conference, increasing the number of nations playing Test cricket from three to six.

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