May 1926

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May 26, 1926: Rif Republic leader Abd el-Krim surrenders to French Army

May 31, 1926: U.S. Sesquicentennial Exhibition opens in Philadelphia

The following events occurred in May 1926:

Saturday, May 1, 1926

• The lockout of 800,000 British coal miners began. ^[1]
• Five people were killed and 28 injured in fighting between socialists and communists during May Day events in Warsaw, Poland. ^[2]
• Swinton defeated Oldham 9–3 in the Challenge Cup Final of rugby. ^[3]

Sunday, May 2, 1926

• Civil war broke out in Nicaragua.
• Women in India are allowed to stand for election to public office. ^[4]

Monday, May 3, 1926

• As called for by the Trades Union Congress, an estimated 1.7 million people began a general strike in Britain in support of the locked out miners, at one minute to midnight. ^{[1] [5]}

Tuesday, May 4, 1926

• Britain came to a standstill on the first full day of the general strike. Subways and rail stations were closed and the streets of London were devoid of street cars or buses. ^[6]
• The Ballets Russes staged a production of Romeo and Juliet at the Opéra de Monte-Carlo, with sets and costumes designed by Surrealist artists Max Ernst and Joan Miró. ^[7]
• Stinson Aircraft Corporation was incorporated.

Wednesday, May 5, 1926

• Two new papers, the British Worker (supporting the general strike) and the British Gazette (condemning it) appeared in Britain to fill the void left by the other dailies that only published in very limited form during the strike.
• The Norge airship left Gatchina near Leningrad, bound for Vadsø in preparation to cross the North Pole.
• Born:
  • Ann B. Davis, American TV actress and comedian, winner of two Emmy Awards for The Bob Cummings Show , but remembered best for portraying Alice on The Brady Bunch ; in Schenectady, New York (d. 2014)
  • Bing Russell, American film and TV actor; in Brattleboro, Vermont (d. 2003)

Thursday, May 6, 1926

• Limited services returned around Britain as volunteers and strike-breaking workers stepped in, notably to help distribute food and provide other necessities. ^[8]
• Born: Edward Clark, American painter, in Storyville, New Orleans (d. 2019)

Friday, May 7, 1926

• With peace talks having failed, French warplanes bombed Rif Republic positions as the Rif War resumed. ^[9]
• In the Soviet Union, Léon Theremin demonstrated his experimental television system which electrically transmitted and then projected near-simultaneous moving images on a five-foot square screen as part of his thesis. ^[10]

Saturday, May 8, 1926

Baldwin

• Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin addressed the British public about the ongoing strike in an evening radio broadcast; such a broadcast in a time of emergency was the first of its kind in the country. ^[11]
• Wigan defeated Warrington 22–10 to win the Northern Rugby Football League championship. ^[12]
• Born:
  • Sir David Attenborough, English documentary producer and naturalist; in Isleworth, London
  • Don Rickles, American TV and film comedian who specialized in insult comedy; in Queens, New York City (d. 2017)

Sunday, May 9, 1926

Byrd and Bennett

• Explorer Richard E. Byrd and co-pilot Floyd Bennett claimed to be the first to fly over the North Pole in the Josephine Ford monoplane, taking off from Spitsbergen, Norway and returning 15 hours and 44 minutes later. Both men were immediately hailed as national heroes, though some experts have since been skeptical of the claim, believing that the plane was unlikely to have covered the entire distance and back in that short an amount of time. ^[13] An entry in Byrd's diary discovered in 1996 suggested that the plane actually turned back 150 miles short of the North Pole due to an oil leak. ^[14]
• Although Britain was quiet in light of the Sabbath, soldiers were becoming an increasingly common sight in the streets of London. ^[15]
• Died: J. M. Dent, 76, British publisher

Monday, May 10, 1926

• The Flying Scotsman, the train on the route between Edinburgh and King's Cross, London, was derailed in Northumberland by a group of locked-out miners who pulled up the tracks. This caused the Government to use increasingly hostile rhetoric against the strikers, using such terms as "anarchists" and "lunatics". ^{[1] [16]}
• Born: Tichi Wilkerson Kassel, film personality and the publisher of The Hollywood Reporter ; in Los Angeles (d. 2004)

Tuesday, May 11, 1926

• In Britain, Mr. Justice Asbury granted an injunction to the National Sailors' and Firemen's Union to enjoin the General-Secretary of its Tower Hill branch from calling its members out on strike. Astbury ruled that the strike was not protected by the Trade Disputes Act 1906 and that the strike in the plaintiff union had been called in contravention of its own rules. ^[17] The ruling came as a heavy blow to the Unions' cause. ^[18]
• The airship Norge departed Ny-Ålesund en route to the North Pole. Roald Amundsen led the 16-man crew.

Wednesday, May 12, 1926

The Norge

Pilsudski and his aides

• The Italian-built airship Norge reached the North Pole at 01:25 Greenwich time; Norwegian, American and Italian flags were dropped onto the ice. The Norge continued on toward Alaska in its bid to cross the entire Arctic Ocean. ^[19]
• The May Coup began in Poland. A state of emergency was declared as units loyal to Marshal Józef Piłsudski marched on Warsaw.
• The Trades Union Congress called off the general strike. ^[20]
• Hans Luther resigned as Chancellor of Germany after losing a vote of no confidence in the Reichstag. ^[21]
• Planes piloted by Major Harold Geiger and Horace Meek Hickam, students at the Air Corps Tactical School, collided in mid-air at Langley Field, Virginia. Both pilots survived; Hickham joined the Caterpillar Club by parachuting to safety.

Thursday, May 13, 1926

• The Polish government held negotiations with Marshal Piłsudski. No agreement was reached and fighting broke out around 19:00 hours.
• Britain started to return to normal on the first day back from the general strike, though many transport services were late in their resumption. Voluntary workers were still keeping buses and trains running. ^[22] Miners remained locked out.

Friday, May 14, 1926

• In Poland, President Stanisław Wojciechowski and Prime Minister Wincenty Witos resigned their positions to prevent the fighting in Warsaw from becoming a country-wide civil war. Maciej Rataj took over as acting President.
• Due to worsening weather, the crew of the Norge decided to land rather than press on to their goal of Nome. The airship touched down in Teller, Alaska.
• The Mary Pickford film Sparrows was released.
• Born: Eric Morecambe, English comedian; in Morecambe, Lancashire (d. 1984)

Saturday, May 15, 1926

• Kazimierz Bartel took over as Prime Minister of Poland.
• Bubbling Over won the 1926 Kentucky Derby.
• Born:
  • Sir Peter Shaffer, English playwright and screenwriter (d. 2016)
  • Anthony Shaffer, novelist and playwright. The twin brothers were born in Liverpool. (d. 2001)

Sunday, May 16, 1926

• FC Barcelona won Spain's Copa del Rey for the seventh time, defeating Atlético Madrid 3–2.
• The hit film Aloma of the South Seas opened.
• Died: Mehmed VI, 65, the last Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, who reigned from 1918 until being deposed upon the abolition of the monarchy by the Republic of Turkey in 1922. His 13-year-old son Şehzade Mehmed Ertuğrul made no pretense of claiming the abolished throne.

Monday, May 17, 1926

Wilhelm Marx

• Wilhelm Marx became Chancellor of Germany for the second time.
• Born: Franz Sondheimer, German-born British chemist; in Stuttgart (d. 1981)

Tuesday, May 18, 1926

• The nationally famous Christian evangelist preacher Aimee Semple McPherson was kidnapped from a beach in Venice, California. At first believed to be the victim of a drowning, McPherson would reappear after a memorial service had been held at the Angelus Temple. ^[23]
• Born: Dirch Passer, Danish comedian and film actor; in Østerbro, Copenhagen (d. 1980)

Wednesday, May 19, 1926

• The French Air Force bombed Damascus, trying to suppress the ongoing revolt. ^[24]

Thursday, May 20, 1926

• The United States Congress passed the Air Commerce Act, licensing pilots and planes.
• The Railway Labor Act was also passed.
• Pete Latzo won the World Welterweight Boxing Title, defeating Mickey Walker in Scranton, Pennsylvania.
• Born: John Lucarotti, English screenwriter; in Aldershot, Hampshire (d. 1994)

Friday, May 21, 1926

• The adventure film The Barrier , starring Lionel Barrymore, was released.
• Born: Robert Creeley, poet, in Arlington, Massachusetts (d. 2005)

Saturday, May 22, 1926

• Belgium, France, Great Britain and Netherlands signed the Belgian Neutrality Treaty, which formally abrogated the 1839 Treaty of London. ^{[25] [26]}
• The St. Louis Cardinals held "Rogers Hornsby Day", where the player-manager was presented $1,000 in gold and a medal for being named the National League's Most Valuable Player for 1925. ^[27] Hornsby then went 2-for-4 in a 9-2 Cardinals win over the Philadelphia Phillies. ^[28]

Sunday, May 23, 1926

• The first Constitution of Lebanon was promulgated.
• An estimated 30,000 members of the Communist Party of Germany demonstrated in Berlin. About 50,000 members of Der Stahlhelm held a demonstration of their own in Düsseldorf. ^[29]

Monday, May 24, 1926

• The Mexican government announced the nationalization of minerals and petroleum resources, which clouded the property rights of foreign resource extraction companies and increased tensions between Mexico and the United States. ^[26]
• The National Libertarian Federation of Trade Unions was founded in Japan.
• The eruption of Mount Tokachi killed 165 people in Hokkaido, Japan.^{[ page needed ]}

Tuesday, May 25, 1926

Petlura

• Ukrainian nationalist leader Symon Petliura was assassinated by the anarchist poet Sholom Schwartzbard in the center of Paris.
• Parliamentary elections were held in Romania. The People's Party won 292 out of 387 contested seats. ^[30]
• U.S. President Coolidge signed the Public Buildings Act into law. ^[31]
• Born: Bill Sharman, American basketball player and coach, inductee to the Basketball Hall of Fame as both a player and coach; in Abilene, Texas (d. 2013)
• Died: Symon Petliura, 47, Ukrainian independence fighter

Wednesday, May 26, 1926

• Riffian rebel leader Abd el-Krim surrendered to the French in Morocco, ending the Rif War.
• Born: Miles Davis; American jazz musician, trumpeter and bandleader, in Alton, Illinois (d. 1991)

Thursday, May 27, 1926

• The Rif Republic was disestablished.
• The Thayer Hotel of the United States Military Academy at West Point officially opened.
• Born: Kees Rijvers, Dutch footballer with 33 caps for the Netherlands national team; in Breda (d. 2024)

Friday, May 28, 1926

Gomes da Costa leading the uprising

• The 28 May coup d'état, commanded by Manuel Gomes da Costa, began in Braga, Portugal.

Saturday, May 29, 1926

• The military coup in Braga spread to the rest of Portugal. The Ditadura Nacional (National Dictatorship) was established.
• Born: Abdoulaye Wade, President of Senegal 2000 to 2012; in Kébémer (alive in 2024)

Sunday, May 30, 1926

• António Maria da Silva resigned as Prime Minister of Portugal.
• The drama film The Unknown Soldier opened.
• Born: Tsuneo Watanabe, Japanese media executive known for owning the Yomiuri Shimbun newspaper and the Nippon Television Network; in Tokyo (d. 2024)

Monday, May 31, 1926

• José Mendes Cabeçadas became both President and Prime Minister of Portugal.
• The Polish Sejm elected Marshal Piłsudski President of the Republic, but he refused the position due to its limited powers.
• The opening ceremonies for the Sesquicentennial Exposition, celebrating the 150th anniversary of the signing of the U.S. Declaration of Independence, were held in Philadelphia.
• Frank Lockhart won the Indianapolis 500.
• India, New Zealand and West Indies were elected as full members of the Imperial Cricket Conference, increasing the number of nations playing Test cricket from three to six.

References

1. "Not an hour on the day, not 1d off the pay!". Tamworth Herald . April 26, 2013. Archived from the original on January 3, 2015. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
2. "5 Slain, 28 Hurt in Warsaw Red Labor Day Fray". Chicago Daily Tribune . May 2, 1926. p. 1.
3. "Challenge Cup 1925/26". Rugby League Project. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
4. Mercer, Derrik (1989). Chronicle of the 20th Century. London: Chronicle Communications Ltd. pp. 342–343. ISBN   978-0-582-03919-3.
5. "What was the General Strike of 1926?". BBC . June 19, 2011. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
6. "Strike On; London is 'Dead'". Chicago Daily Tribune . May 4, 1926. p. 1.
7. McNab, Robert (2004). Ghost Ships: A Surrealist Love Triangle. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. p. 163. ISBN   0-300-10431-6.
8. "General Strike – Diary 6th May". Woolf Online. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
9. "French Reopen War; Airplanes Bomb Riffians". Chicago Daily Tribune . May 8, 1926. p. 6.
10. Glinsky, Albert (2000). Theremin: Ether Music and Espionage . Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press. pp. 41–45. ISBN   0-252-02582-2.
11. "General Strike – Diary 8th May". Woolf Online. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
12. "1925–26 Championship Final". Wigan Warriors Rugby League Fansite. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
13. Thompson, Andrea (April 15, 2013). "Did Admiral Byrd Fly Over The North Pole Or Not?". LiveScience . Purch . Retrieved January 3, 2015.
14. "May 9, 1926: Byrd flies over the North Pole?". This Day in History. A&E Television Networks. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
15. "General Strike – Diary 9th May". Woolf Online. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
16. Bronstein, Jon; Harris, Andrew (2012). Empire, State and Society: Britain Since 1830. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 176. ISBN   978-1-4051-8180-8.
17. "The Legality of the General Strike in England", A. L. Goodhart The Yale Law Journal, Vol. 36, No. 4 (Feb., 1927), pp. 464–485
18. "General Strike – Diary 11th May". Woolf Online. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
19. "The "Norge" Flight Avross the Arctic (1926)". Fram Museum . Archived from the original on 2014-12-03. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
20. "General Strike – Diary 12th May". Woolf Online. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
21. Clingan, C. Edmund (2010). The Lives of Hans Luther, 1879–1962. Plymouth, UK: Lexington Books. p. 5. ISBN   978-0-7391-3641-6.
22. "The Change-Over". The Evening Standard . London: 1. April 13, 1926.
23. Grimley, Naomi (November 24, 2014). "The mysterious disappearance of a celebrity preacher". BBC News . Retrieved January 3, 2015.
24. "Druze Revolt of 1925 – 27 and French Air Power". Colonial Warfare 1880–1975. December 20, 2010. Archived from the original on 2014-10-18. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
25. Hymans, Paul (October 1930). "Belgium's Position in Europe". Foreign Affairs (October 1930). Council on Foreign Relations. doi:10.2307/20030328. JSTOR   20030328 . Retrieved January 3, 2015.
26. "Chronology 1926". indiana.edu. 2002. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
27. "Rogers Hornsby". Baseball Library. The Idea Logical Company. 2006. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
28. "May 22, 1926, Philadelphia Phillies at St. Louis Cardinals". Baseball-Reference.com .
29. "Sword Rattling – German "Reds" Parade". The Northern Star . Lismore, New South Wales: 5. May 26, 1926. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
30. "Romania (1904–present)". University of Central Arkansas . Archived from the original on February 8, 2013. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
31. "Coolidge Signs Bill for New Buildings." New York Times . May 26, 1926.