November 1926

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The following events occurred in November 1926:

Monday, November 1, 1926

• Secretary General of Italy Augusto Turati made a speech in Rome's Piazza Colonna demanding execution for anyone who attempted to assassinate Benito Mussolini. ^[1]
• The new betting tax came into effect in the United Kingdom. ^[2]
• Born: Betsy Palmer, American actress; in East Chicago, Indiana (d. 2015)

Tuesday, November 2, 1926

• The United States midterm elections were held. The Democratic Party picked up nine seats in the House of Representatives and six in the Senate, but the Republican Party maintained their majorities in both.
• French pediatrician Gaston Variot warned young women not to dance the Charleston, because its "sudden wrenching movements" were "likely to produce internal conditions inimical to the proper conditions of childbirth." ^[3]
• Died: Bill Bailey, 38, American baseball player

Wednesday, November 3, 1926

• The Barnes-Hecker Mine disaster occurred in Ishpeming, Michigan, the worst industrial tragedy in Michigan's history. 51 men died when an explosion in the mine filled the tunnels with water from a nearby swamp. ^[4]
• Born: Valdas Adamkus, President of Lithuania 1998 to 2003, and 2005 to 2009; in Kaunas (alive in 2024)
• Died: Annie Oakley, 66, American sharpshooter

Thursday, November 4, 1926

Leopold and Astrid

• Prince Leopold of Belgium and Princess Astrid of Sweden were married in Stockholm. Mayor Carl Lindhagen presided. ^[5]
• George W. English resigned as a United States federal judge before his impeachment trial proceedings could begin.

Friday, November 5, 1926

• Talks reopened in Britain between the government and the Miners' Federation to end the coal miners' lockout as it dragged into its seventh month. ^[6]

Saturday, November 6, 1926

Mussolini

• A new, far-reaching police law was enacted in Italy giving the government extensive powers of confinement and extending its power to dissolve political and cultural organizations. A new deportation law allowed for persons to be restricted to certain localities within Italy for light offenses or exiled to penal colonies for more serious ones. Benito Mussolini also reclaimed the Italian Minister of the Interior position for himself, and Italo Balbo was appointed undersecretary for the Air Ministry. ^{[7] [8] [9]}
• Born: Frank Carson, Northern Irish comedian; in Belfast (d. 2012)

Sunday, November 7, 1926

• Greece held a legislative election; the Liberal Union emerged as the largest party in Parliament.
• In Poland, Marshal Józef Piłsudski decreed a press gag law. The law forbade publishing news that could cause a public demonstration, news or rumors that ridiculed or criticized government officials and judges, and matter considered by government officials to be derogatory. Government officials were empowered to impose fines or jail sentences without a court hearing. ^[10]
• Born: Joan Sutherland, Australian singer, in Sydney (d. 2010)
• Died: Tom Forman, 33, American actor and director (suicide)

Monday, November 8, 1926

• The George Gershwin musical Oh, Kay! opened on Broadway.
• Died: James Keteltas Hackett, 57, American actor and manager

Tuesday, November 9, 1926

• All opposition members of the Italian parliament lost their seats ^[7] as a new law deprived them of parliamentary immunity and Socialists were punished for staging the Aventine Secession. ^[11] Antonio Gramsci of the dissolved Communist Party of Italy was arrested in Rome and imprisoned in the Regina Coeli. ^[12]

Wednesday, November 10, 1926

• Princeton University severed athletic relations with Harvard. A formal letter from Princeton explained, "We have been forced to the conviction that it is at present impossible to expect in athletic competition with Harvard that spirit of cordial good will between the undergraduate bodies of the two universities which should characterize college sports." ^[13]

Thursday, November 11, 1926

U.S. Highway System, predecessor to Interstate Highway System, inaugurated

• The United States Numbered Highway System, ^[14] including U.S. Route 66, was established. ^[15]
• U.S. President Calvin Coolidge dedicated the Liberty Memorial in Kansas City, Missouri.
• The Nicaraguan Congress elected Adolfo Díaz as president. ^[16]

Friday, November 12, 1926

• Miners' leaders and the British government reached an agreement on the ending of the coal miners' dispute. The miners essentially gave in to the owners' demands, including that the workday be increased from seven hours to eight. Some 300,000 miners had already returned to work by this time through localized settlements. ^[17]
• In Harrisburg, Illinois, the Shelton Brothers Gang used a Curtiss JN-4 biplane to try to bomb rival gangster Charles Birger's hideout, "Shady Rest", from the air. The bombing raid only succeeded in blowing up the cock fighting pit. ^[18]
• Died: Joseph G. Cannon, 90, United States politician, Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives 1903 to 1911

Saturday, November 13, 1926

Author P. L. Travers

Mary Poppins

• A short story appeared in the New Zealand newspaper The Christchurch Sun about a nanny's day out, titled "Mary Poppins and the Match Man". The author, P. L. Travers, would later write a series of children's books about the Mary Poppins character that would be adapted into a musical film by Walt Disney in 1964. ^[19]
• The former Crown Prince Wilhelm and his son were attacked by an angry mob at the Friedrichstraße when they got out of a car flying the Hohenzollern flag. Police intervened and held up traffic until they could ride away again. ^[20]
• Mario de Bernardi of Italy won the Schneider Trophy in Hampton Roads, Virginia.

Sunday, November 14, 1926

President Díaz

• Adolfo Díaz became President of Nicaragua for the second time.

Monday, November 15, 1926

• The National Broadcasting Company (NBC) officially came into being.
• The Balfour Declaration was unanimously approved at the Imperial Conference.

Tuesday, November 16, 1926

• Marshal Józef Piłsudski threatened to dissolve the Polish parliament if radicals did not stop their attacks on the press gag law. ^[21]

Wednesday, November 17, 1926

• Mario de Bernardi achieved a speed of 258.874 miles per hour in his Macchi M.39, a new seaplane record. ^[22]
• Died: George Sterling, 66, American poet

Thursday, November 18, 1926

• Pope Pius XI promulgated Iniquis afflictisque , an encyclical denouncing the persecution of Roman Catholics in Mexico. ^[23]
• It was revealed that the Irish writer and playwright George Bernard Shaw had refused the £7,000 in prize money awarded to him a year ago for his Nobel Prize in Literature, and the Swedish Academy had been begging him to take it ever since. Tired of the standoff, Shaw declared, "I can forgive Alfred Nobel for having invented dynamite, but only a fiend in human form could have invented the Nobel Prize!" ^[17]
• Born: Roy Sievers, U.S. baseball player, 1957 AL home run and RBI leader; in St. Louis (d. 2017)

Friday, November 19, 1926

• The Paramount Theatre opened in New York City.
• Born: Jeane Kirkpatrick, U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations, 1981 to 1985; in Duncan, Oklahoma (d. 2006)

Saturday, November 20, 1926

• The Balfour Declaration was announced to the public at the Imperial Conference in London. Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and Newfoundland would become self-governing dominions. ^[17]
• The Irish Free State declared a national state of emergency due to Republican Army raids around the country. ^[24]
• Born: John Gardner, British mystery and spy novelist known for 14 James Bond continuation novels ; in Seaton Delaval, Northumberland (d. 2007)

Sunday, November 21, 1926

• Chiang Kai-shek told the Associated Press that the revolution in China would not end until the unequal treaties with foreign powers were all abolished. ^[25]
• The film The Great Gatsby , based on the F. Scott Fitzgerald novel of the same name, was released.

Monday, November 22, 1926

• Italian trade unionist Captain Giuseppe Giulietti, loyal to the Fascists but out of favour for his brand of syndicalism, was arrested in Genoa for purported embezzlement. ^{[26] [27]}
• Born: Lew Burdette, U.S. baseball player who was 1957 World Series MVP, 1956 ERA leader in the NL and the 1959 NL wins leader; in Nitro, West Virginia (d. 2007)

Tuesday, November 23, 1926

• The war film What Price Glory? was released.
• Born:
  • Sathya Sai Baba, Indian guru; in Puttaparthi, Madras Province, British India (d. 2011)
  • R. L. Burnside, American blues musician; in Harmontown, Mississippi (d. 2005)

Wednesday, November 24, 1926

• Queen Marie of Romania ended her visit to the United States and Canada, departing from New York aboard the SS Berengaria . ^[28]
• Born: Tsung-Dao Lee, Chinese-born U.S. physicist and 1957 Nobel Prize laureate; in Shanghai (d. 2024)
• Died: Leonid Krasin, 56, Russian politician and diplomat

Thursday, November 25, 1926

• Benito Mussolini created a special Court for political crimes and reintroduced the death penalty to Italy for attempts on the life of the royal family or Head of State, acts of espionage and incitement of civil war. ^{[29] [30]}
• Italian political prisoner Antonio Gramsci was sent to the prison island of Ustica. ^[12]
• Born: Poul Anderson, American science fiction author; in Bristol, Pennsylvania (d. 2001)

Friday, November 26, 1926

• King Ferdinand of Romania was reported to be gravely ill, sparking fears that a civil war might break out if he were to die as the heir to the throne, Michael, was five years old and Queen Marie was still on an ocean liner in the Atlantic. ^[31]
• Italy put its anti-striking law to use for the first time, fining eighty-one clothing workers in Gallarate 100 lira each for stopping work. ^{[32] [33]}
• Boston mayor Malcolm E. Nichols married the twin sister of his late first wife. ^[34]
• Died: John Moses Browning, 71, American firearms designer, creator of the M1911 pistol

Saturday, November 27, 1926

Sherlock Holmes ponders a mystery in retirement in "The Adventure of the Lion's Mane".

• The Treaty of Tirana was signed between Italy and Albania, establishing a de facto Italian protectorate over Albania. ^[16]
• King Ferdinand of Romania was officially reported to have been doing better, dispelling rumors within the country that he was dead. ^[35]
• The Sherlock Holmes short story "The Adventure of the Lion's Mane" by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle was published for the first time in Liberty magazine in the United States. ^[36]
• The Army-Navy Game at Soldier Field in Chicago ended in a 21–21 tie.
• The restoration of Colonial Williamsburg began in Williamsburg, Virginia.

Sunday, November 28, 1926

• In fighting between German Communists and the right-wing Nazi Party and Reichsbanner members, following the death of Leonid Krasin, 13 people were injured and 60 arrested. ^[37]
• Benito Mussolini restored the right among members of the Fascist Party to criticize government policies. ^[38]

Monday, November 29, 1926

• Duke Ellington and his band recorded "East St. Louis Toodle-Oo" for the first time. The jazz tune became one of Ellington's best known numbers and a sort of theme song for the bandleader. ^[39]

Tuesday, November 30, 1926

• The final holdouts in the British coal miners' lockout – South Wales, Yorkshire, and Durham – returned to work, ending the labour dispute after seven months. ^[40]
• King Ferdinand of Romania issued an edict from his sick bed warning against anyone attempting to interfere with the established dynastic succession to the throne. The message was widely understood to have been directed at Prince Carol, who had renounced the throne over a scandalous affair. ^[41]
• Fascist Italy announced that it was exiling 522 political undesirables to specified towns or penal colonies under the new deportation laws. ^[42]
• Born:
  • Andrew Schally, Polish-born endocrinologist and 1977 laureate of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, in Wilno, Second Polish Republic (now Vilnius, Lithuania) (d. 2024)
  • Richard Crenna, American TV and film actor, 1965 Emmy Award winner; in Los Angeles (d. 2003)

References

1. Clayton, John (November 2, 1926). "50,000 Shout 'Death' for Mussolini Foes". Chicago Daily Tribune . p. 1.
2. "England Tries Out New Tax on Horse Race Bets". Chicago Daily Tribune . November 2, 1926. p. 17.
3. "French Doctor Warns Young Mothers Not to Charleston". Chicago Daily Tribune . November 3, 1926. p. 5.
4. "Memorial To Mark 1926 Mich. Mining Disaster". WWJ-TV . August 20, 2011. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
5. Martelius, Martin (November 5, 1926). "Astrid Is Wed to Leopold by Socialist Mayor". Chicago Daily Tribune . p. 33.
6. "British Strikers Relent; End of Coal Strike is Predicted". Chicago Daily Tribune . November 6, 1926. p. 9.
7. De Grand, Alexander J. (2000). Italian Fascism: Its Origins and Development (Third Ed.). University of Nebraska Press. p. 55. ISBN   0-8032-6622-7.
8. Segrè, Claudio G. (1987). Italo Balbo: A Fascist Life. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. p.  141. ISBN   0-520-07199-9.
9. John, John (November 7, 1926). "Mussolini Foes to be Herded in Deportee Camps". Chicago Daily Tribune . p. 2.
10. Goldstein, Robert Justin, ed. (2001). Political Censorship. Chicago and London: Fitzroy Dearborn. p. 97. ISBN   1-57958-320-2.
11. Clayton, John (November 10, 1926). "Fascisti Clear Parliament of Mussolini Foes". Chicago Daily Tribune . p. 15.
12. Germino, Dante (1990). Antonio Gramsci: Architect of a New Politics. Louisiana State University Press. pp. 189–190. ISBN   0-8071-1553-3.
13. Schmidt, Raymond (2007). Shaping College Football: The Transformation of an American Sport, 1919–1930. Syracuse University Press. p. 95. ISBN   978-0-8156-0886-8.
14. McNichol, Dan (2006). The Roads that Built America. New York: Sterling. p. 74. ISBN   1-4027-3468-9.
15. Bureau of Public Roads & American Association of State Highway Officials (November 11, 1926). United States System of Highways Adopted for Uniform Marking by the American Association of State Highway Officials (Map). 1:7,000,000. Washington, DC: United States Geological Survey. OCLC   32889555 . Retrieved November 7, 2013– via Wikimedia Commons.
16. "Chronology 1926". indiana.edu. 2002. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
17. Mercer, Derrik (1989). Chronicle of the 20th Century. London: Chronicle Communications Ltd. pp. 347–348. ISBN   978-0-582-03919-3.
18. "Guide to Illinois Unusual Attractions". YourHomeTown.org. 2013. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
19. Lawson, Valerie (1999). Mary Poppins, She Wrote: The Life of P. L. Travers. New York: Simon & Schuster. p.  100. ISBN   978-0-7432-9816-2.
20. "Ex-Crown Prince and Son Menaced by Mob in Berlin". Chicago Daily Tribune . November 14, 1926. p. 1.
21. "Pilsudski Cows Radical Attack on Press Gag". Chicago Daily Tribune . November 17, 1926. p. 18.
22. "The Absolute World Speed Record". The IPMS Racing & Record Aircraft Special Interest Group. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
23. "Iniquis afflictisque". Official Vatican Homepage. Libreria Editrice Vaticana. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
24. "Ireland Proclaims State of War Against Republicans". Chicago Daily Tribune . November 21, 1926. p. 2.
25. "China Defiant to Powers". Chicago Daily Tribune . November 22, 1926. p. 1.
26. Gramsci, Antonio (1992). Prison Notebooks, Volume 1. Columbia University Press. p. 466. ISBN   978-0-231-06083-7.
27. Clayton, John (November 23, 1926). "Duce Commands Volunteer Army to Guard Border". Chicago Daily Tribune . p. 21.
28. Wachalec, Stephanie (October 22, 2002). "Queen Marie's Trip to America and Canada". Queen Marie Collection. Kent State University . Retrieved January 3, 2015.
29. European History Builder for Admission & Standardized Tests. Piscataway, New Jersey: Research & Education Association. 1995. p.  421. ISBN   0-87891-782-9.
30. "Public Safety. Italy's New Measures". The Advocate . Devonport and Burnie: 1. November 8, 1926.
31. "King May Die on a Few Hours, Bucharest Wire". Chicago Daily Tribune . November 27, 1926. p. 1.
32. "Italy Fines 81 Workers for Going Out on Strike". Chicago Daily Tribune . November 27, 1926. p. 3.
33. Ridley, Jasper (2000). Mussolini: A Biography. Cooper Square Press. p. 181.
34. "Boston Mayor Weds Twin Sister of Late Wife". Chicago Daily Tribune . November 27, 1926. p. 1.
35. Allen, Jay (November 28, 1926). "Liviried Envoys Reassure Carol on King's Illness". Chicago Daily Tribune . p. 7.
36. "The Lion's Mane". Sherlockian.net. Retrieved October 3, 2021.
37. "13 Injured, 60 are Arrested in Riots in Berlin". Chicago Daily Tribune . November 29, 1926. p. 4.
38. "Mussolini Gag on Members of Fascisti Lifted". Chicago Daily Tribune . November 29, 1926. p. 16.
39. Yanow, Scott (2003). Jazz on Record: The First Sixty Years. Berkeley: Backbeat Books. p. 117. ISBN   0-87930-755-2.
40. "History of the NUM : 6 – The General Strike". National Union of Mineworkers . Retrieved January 3, 2015.
41. Wales, Henry (December 1, 1926). "Hands Off, King Tells Carol". Chicago Daily Tribune . p. 1.
42. Clayton, John (December 1, 1926). "522 Exiled by Mussolini as Fascisti Foes". Chicago Daily Tribune . p. 18.