Calidris

Calidris
Semipalmated sandpiper (Calidris pusilla), Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Charadriiformes
Family:	Scolopacidae
Genus:	Calidris Merrem, 1804
Type species
Tringa calidris [1] = Tringa canutus Gmelin, 1789
Synonyms
PhilomachusMerrem, 1804 LimicolaKoch, 1816 CanutusBrehm, 1831 MicropalamaBaird, 1858

Calidris is a genus of Arctic-breeding, strongly migratory wading birds in the family Scolopacidae. These birds form huge mixed flocks on coasts and estuaries in winter. Migratory shorebirds are shown to have decline in reproductive traits because of temporal changes of their breeding seasons. ^[2] They are the typical "sandpipers", small to medium-sized, long-winged and relatively short-billed.

Their bills have sensitive tips which contain numerous corpuscles of Herbst. This enables the birds to locate buried prey items, which they typically seek with restless running and probing. ^[3]

Taxonomy

The genus Calidris was introduced in 1804 by the German naturalist Blasius Merrem with the red knot as the type species. ^{[4] [5]} The genus name is from Ancient Greek kalidris or skalidris, a term used by Aristotle for some grey-coloured waterside birds. ^[6]

The genus contain 24 species: ^[7]

• Great knot, Calidris tenuirostris
• Red knot, Calidris canutus
• Surfbird, Calidris virgata
• Ruff, Calidris pugnax
• Broad-billed sandpiper, Calidris falcinellus
• Sharp-tailed sandpiper, Calidris acuminata
• Stilt sandpiper, Calidris himantopus
• Curlew sandpiper, Calidris ferruginea
• Temminck's stint, Calidris temminckii
• Long-toed stint, Calidris subminuta
• Spoon-billed sandpiper, Calidris pygmaea
• Red-necked stint, Calidris ruficollis
• Sanderling, Calidris alba
• Dunlin, Calidris alpina
• Rock sandpiper, Calidris ptilocnemis
• Purple sandpiper, Calidris maritima
• Baird's sandpiper, Calidris bairdii
• Little stint, Calidris minuta
• Least sandpiper, Calidris minutilla
• White-rumped sandpiper, Calidris fuscicollis
• Buff-breasted sandpiper, Calidris subruficollis
• Pectoral sandpiper, Calidris melanotos
• Semipalmated sandpiper, Calidris pusilla
• Western sandpiper, Calidris mauri

References

1. "Scolopacidae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
2. Weiser, Emily L.; Brown, Stephen C.; Lanctot, Richard B.; Gates, H. River; Abraham, Kenneth F.; Bentzen, Rebecca L.; Bêty, Joël; Boldenow, Megan L.; Brook, Rodney W.; Donnelly, Tyrone F.; English, Willow B.; Flemming, Scott A.; Franks, Samantha E.; Gilchrist, H. Grant; Giroux, Marie-Andrée (February 2018). "Life-history tradeoffs revealed by seasonal declines in reproductive traits of Arctic-breeding shorebirds" . Journal of Avian Biology. 49 (2): 1. Bibcode:2018JAvBi..49....1W. doi:10.1111/jav.01531. ISSN   0908-8857.
3. Nebel, S.; Jackson, D.L.; Elner, R.W. (2005). "Functional association of bill morphology and foraging behaviour in calidrid sandpipers" (PDF). Animal Biology. 55 (3): 235–243. doi:10.1163/1570756054472818. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-06-10. Retrieved 2016-06-03.
4. Merrem, Blasius (8 June 1804). "Naturgeschichte". Allgemeine Literatur-Zeitung (in German). 168. Col. 542. Published anonymously.
5. Peters, James Lee, ed. (1934). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 2. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 280.
6. Jobling, James A (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p.  84. ISBN   978-1-4081-2501-4.
7. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2019). "Sandpipers, snipes, coursers". World Bird List Version 9.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 26 June 2019.