Calidris

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Calidris
Knutt (juvenil) 07.jpg
Red knot (Calidris canutus) in juvenile plumage, Brittany, France
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Charadriiformes
Family: Scolopacidae
Genus: Calidris
Merrem, 1804
Type species
Tringa calidris [1] = Tringa canutus
Gmelin, 1789
Synonyms
  • PhilomachusMerrem, 1804
  • EreunetesIlliger, 1811
  • EroliaVieillot, 1816
  • LimicolaKoch, 1816
  • MachetesCuvier, 1817
  • EurynorhynchusNilsson, 1821
  • CrocethiaBillberg, 1828
  • CanutusBrehm, 1831
  • AphrizaAudubon, 1839
  • TryngitesCabanis, 1857
  • MicropalamaBaird, 1858

Calidris is a genus of Arctic-breeding, strongly migratory wading birds in the family Scolopacidae. These birds form huge mixed flocks on coasts and estuaries in winter. Migratory shorebirds are shown to have decline in reproductive traits because of temporal changes of their breeding seasons. [2] They are the typical "sandpipers", small to medium-sized, long-winged and relatively short-billed.

Their bills have sensitive tips which contain numerous corpuscles of Herbst. This enables the birds to locate buried prey items, which they typically seek with restless running and probing. [3]

Taxonomy

The genus Calidris was described in 1804 by the German naturalist Blasius Merrem with the red knot as the type species. [4] [5] The genus name is from Ancient Greek kalidris or skalidris, a term used by Aristotle for some grey-coloured waterside birds. [6]

Many of the species have been treated under other generic names at various times in the past, but these treatments leave Calidris polyphyletic; [7] [8] synonyms are in brackets in the list below.

The genus contain 24 species: [9]

References

  1. ↑ "Scolopacidae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
  2. ↑ Weiser, Emily L.; Brown, Stephen C.; Lanctot, Richard B.; Gates, H. River; Abraham, Kenneth F.; Bentzen, Rebecca L.; Bêty, Joël; Boldenow, Megan L.; Brook, Rodney W.; Donnelly, Tyrone F.; English, Willow B.; Flemming, Scott A.; Franks, Samantha E.; Gilchrist, H. Grant; Giroux, Marie-Andrée (February 2018). "Life-history tradeoffs revealed by seasonal declines in reproductive traits of Arctic-breeding shorebirds" . Journal of Avian Biology. 49 (2): 1. Bibcode:2018JAvBi..49....1W. doi:10.1111/jav.01531. ISSN   0908-8857.
  3. ↑ Nebel, S.; Jackson, D.L.; Elner, R.W. (2005). "Functional association of bill morphology and foraging behaviour in calidrid sandpipers" (PDF). Animal Biology. 55 (3): 235–243. doi:10.1163/1570756054472818. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-06-10. Retrieved 2016-06-03.
  4. ↑ Merrem, Blasius (8 June 1804). "Naturgeschichte". Allgemeine Literatur-Zeitung (in German). 168. Col. 542. Published anonymously.
  5. ↑ Peters, James Lee, ed. (1934). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 2. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 280.
  6. ↑ Jobling, James A (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p.  84. ISBN   978-1-4081-2501-4.
  7. ↑ Thomas, Gavin H; Wills, Matthew A; Székely, Tamás (2004-08-24). "A supertree approach to shorebird phylogeny". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 4 (1). doi: 10.1186/1471-2148-4-28 . ISSN   1471-2148. PMC   515296 . PMID   15329156.
  8. ↑ Gibson, Rosemary; Baker, Allan (2012). "Multiple gene sequences resolve phylogenetic relationships in the shorebird suborder Scolopaci (Aves: Charadriiformes)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 64 (1): 66–72. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2012.03.008 . Retrieved 2025-09-12.
  9. ↑ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2019). "Sandpipers, snipes, coursers". World Bird List Version 9.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 26 June 2019.
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