Chronology of Australian federal parliaments

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The term of Australian parliaments is determined by the opening and dissolution (or expiration) of the House of Representatives. The Senate is not normally dissolved at all, except at a double dissolution, when the entire parliament is dissolved.

Contents

Parliaments do not have a fixed term. The maximum term permitted by section 28 of the Constitution of Australia is three years, counted from the date the parliament first meets after a general election. However, the Governor-General, acting on the advice of the Prime Minister, may dissolve the parliament earlier. This has happened in all but one case (the 3rd Parliament 1907–1910). However, the 18th Parliament (1946–49) was only five days short of the full three years, and eight parliaments have exceeded 2 years, 300 days. The average length of completed parliaments since Federation has been about 2 years, 130 days.

Because there is only an indirect relationship between the dates of elections and the commencement and dissolution dates of parliaments, more than three years can elapse between consecutive elections. This has happened on a number of occasions, most recently between the 2019 and 2022 elections (3 years 3 days). The longest gap between elections was 3 years 122 days, between the 1906 and 1910 elections.

Parliaments may be divided into one or more sessions. Each session except the last must be prorogued before a new session can begin. One of the effects of prorogation is that it prevents the Senate from meeting and conducting its business after the House of Representatives has concluded its business.

Between 1928 and 1989, the last or sole session of a parliament was not prorogued, as the parliament was dissolved. Since 1993, the session has been prorogued prior to dissolution.

Chronology

Number and SessionDate of general election
(time since last election)		Date of openingLast sitting day of the
House of Representatives 		Date of prorogation [1] Date of dissolution
(or expiration)		Length of
Parliament
1st Parliament 29 & 30 March 1901
First Session9 May 190110 October 190210 October 1902
Second Session26 May 190322 October 190322 October 190323 November 19032 years 199 days
2nd Parliament 16 December 1903
(2 years 261 days)
First Session2 March 190415 December 190415 December 1904
Second Session28 June 190521 December 190521 December 1905
Third Session7 June 190612 October 190612 October 19065 November 19062 years 249 days
3rd Parliament 12 December 1906
(2 years 361 days)
First Session20 February 190721 February 190722 February 1907
Second Session3 July 19075 June 190811 June 1908
Third Session16 September 190811 December 190815 December 1908
Fourth Session26 May 19098 December 190913 December 190919 February 1910
(expired) [2] 		3 years
4th Parliament 13 April 1910
(3 years 122 days)
First Session1 July 191025 November 191029 November 1910
Second Session5 September 191119–21 December 191122 December 1911
Third Session19 June 191220–21 December 19128 January 191323 April 19132 years 297 days
5th Parliament 31 May 1913
(3 years 48 days)
First Session9 July 191318–19 December 191319 December 1913
Second Session15 April 191426 June 191427 June 191430 July 1914 [3] 1 year 22 days
6th Parliament 5 September 1914
(1 year 97 days)
First Session8 October 191416–17 March 191720 March 191726 March 19172 years 203 days
7th Parliament 5 May 1917
(2 years 242 days)
First Session14 June 191714 June 191716 June 1917
Second Session11 July 191724 October 191928 October 19193 November 19192 years 143 days
8th Parliament 13 December 1919
(2 years 222 days)
First Session26 February 19209–10 December 19215 January 1922
Second Session28 June 192212–14 October 192218 October 19226 November 19222 years 254 days
9th Parliament 16 December 1922
(3 years 3 days)
First Session28 February 19239 March 192321 March 1923
Second Session13 June 19239–10 October 192430 April 1925
Third Session10 June 192523–25 September 192528 September 19253 October 19252 years 218 days
10th Parliament 14 November 1925
(2 years 333 days)
First Session13 January 192621–22 September 1928not prorogued9 October 19282 years 271 days
11th Parliament 17 November 1928
(3 years 3 days)
First Session6 February 192912 September 1929not prorogued16 September 19290 years 223 days
12th Parliament 12 October 1929
(0 years 329 days)
First Session20 November 192926 November 1931not prorogued27 November 19312 years 8 days
13th Parliament 19 December 1931
(2 years 68 days)
First Session17 February 19321–2 August 1934not prorogued7 August 19342 years 172 days
14th Parliament 15 September 1934
(2 years 270 days)
First Session23 October 193411 December 193627 May 1937
Second Session17 June 193715 September 1937not prorogued21 September 19372 years 334 days
15th Parliament 23 October 1937
(3 years 38 days)
First Session30 November 19377–8 December 193914 March 1940
Second Session17 April 194021–22 August 1940not prorogued27 August 19402 years 272 days
16th Parliament 21 September 1940
(2 years 333 days)
First Session20 November 19401 July 1943not prorogued7 July 19432 years 230 days
17th Parliament 21 August 1943
(2 years 334 days)
First Session23 September 194330–31 March 19445 July 1944
Second Session17 July 19441 December 19448 February 1945
Third Session21 February 19459 August 1946not prorogued16 August 19462 years 328 days
18th Parliament 28 September 1946
(3 years 38 days)
First Session6 November 194617–18 June 19484 August 1948
Second Session1 September 194827 October 1949not prorogued31 October 19492 years 360 days
19th Parliament 10 December 1949
(3 years 73 days)
First Session22 February 195016 March 1951not prorogued19 March 1951 [3] 1 year 26 days
20th Parliament 28 April 1951
(1 year 139 days)
First Session12 June 195122 October 195330 October 1953
Second Session10 November 19532–3 December 19534 February 1954
Third Session15 February 195414 April 1954not prorogued21 April 19542 years 314 days
21st Parliament 29 May 1954
(3 years 31 days)
First Session4 August 195427–28 October 1955not prorogued4 November 19551 year 93 days
22nd Parliament 10 December 1955
(1 year 195 days)
First Session15 February 19568 November 19567 March 1957
Second Session19 March 19575 December 195711 February 1958
Third Session25 February 19581–2 October 1958not prorogued14 October 19582 years 242 days
23rd Parliament 22 November 1958
(2 years 347 days)
First Session17 February 19593 December 195910 February 1960
Second Session8 March 19608–9 December 196020 February 1961
Third Session7 March 196126–27 October 1961not prorogued2 November 19612 years 259 days
24th Parliament 9 December 1961
(3 years 17 days)
First Session20 February 196230 October 1963not prorogued1 November 19631 year 255 days
25th Parliament 30 November 1963
(1 year 356 days)
First Session25 February 196428 October 1966not prorogued31 October 19662 years 249 days
26th Parliament 26 November 1966
(2 years 361 days)
First Session21 February 19678–9 November 19679 February 1968
Second Session12 March 196826 September 1969not prorogued29 September 19692 years 221 days
27th Parliament 25 October 1969
(2 years 334 days)
First Session25 November 196925–26 November 196923 February 1970
Second Session3 March 197026 October 1972not prorogued2 November 19722 years 344 days
28th Parliament 2 December 1972
(3 years 38 days)
First Session27 February 197313 December 197314 February 1974
Second Session28 February 197410 April 1974not prorogued11 April 1974 [3] 1 year 44 days
29th Parliament 18 May 1974
(1 year 167 days)
First Session9 July 197411 November 1975not prorogued11 November 1975 [3] 1 year 126 days
30th Parliament 13 December 1975
(1 year 209 days)
First Session17 February 197624 February 197728 February 1977
Second Session8 March 19778 November 1977not prorogued10 November 19771 year 267 days
31st Parliament 10 December 1977
(1 year 362 days)
First Session21 February 197818 September 1980not prorogued19 September 19802 years 212 days
32nd Parliament 18 October 1980
(2 years 312 days)
First Session25 November 198014–15 December 1982not prorogued4 February 1983 [3] 2 years 72 days
33rd Parliament 5 March 1983
(2 years 138 days)
First Session21 April 198311 October 1984not prorogued26 October 19841 year 189 days
34th Parliament 1 December 1984
(1 year 271 days)
First Session21 February 19854 June 1987not prorogued5 June 1987 [3] 2 years 105 days
35th Parliament 11 July 1987
(2 years 222 days)
First Session14 September 198722 December 1989not prorogued19 February 19902 years 159 days
36th Parliament 24 March 1990
(2 years 256 days)
First Session8 May 199017–18 December 19928 February 19938 February 19932 years 277 days
37th Parliament 13 March 1993
(2 years 356 days)
First Session4 May 199330 November-
1 December 1995		29 January 199629 January 19962 years 271 days
38th Parliament 2 March 1996
(2 years 356 days)
First Session30 April 199615 July 199831 August 199831 August 19982 years 124 days
39th Parliament 3 October 1998
(2 years 215 days)
First Session10 November 199827 September 20018 October 20018 October 20012 years 333 days
40th Parliament 10 November 2001
(3 years 38 days)
First Session12 February 200212–13 August 200431 August 200431 August 20042 years 202 days
41st Parliament 9 October 2004
(2 years 333 days)
First Session16 November 200420 September 200715 October 200717 October 20072 years 336 days
42nd Parliament 24 November 2007
(3 years 46 days)
First Session12 February 200824 June 201019 July 2010 [4] 19 July 2010 [4] 2 years 158 days
43rd Parliament 21 August 2010
(2 years 270 days)
First Session28 September 2010 [5] 27 June 2013 [6] 5 August 20135 August 20132 years 312 days
44th Parliament 7 September 2013
(3 years 17 days)
First Session12 November 2013 [7] 18 March 201615 April 2016 [8]
Second Session18 April 2016 [8] 5 May 20169 May 20169 May 2016 [3] 2 years 180 days
45th Parliament 2 July 2016
(2 years 300 days)
First Session30 August 20164 April 2019 [9] 11 April 201911 April 2019 [10] 2 years 225 days
46th Parliament 19 May 2019
(2 years 322 days)
First Session2 July 2019 [7] 31 March 202211 April 202211 April 20222 years 284 days
47th Parliament 21 May 2022
(3 years 3 days)
First Session26 July 202227 March 202528 March 202528 March 2025 [11] 2 years 246 days
48th Parliament 3 May 2025
(2 years 348 days)

Current Parliament

ParliamentDate of openingFirst SessionDate of dissolution (or expiration)
47th Parliament 26 July 202226 July 202228 March 2025

Next Parliament

ParliamentDate of openingFirst SessionDate of dissolution (or expiration)
48th ParliamentTBDTBDTBD

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Some sessions have been prorogued more than once. This table shows only the first date in each case.
  2. ↑ The 3rd Parliament 1907–1910 is the only one that was allowed to run for three years from the date of its first sitting, the maximum period allowed by s.28 of the Australian Constitution; all the others were dissolved earlier by the Governor-General on the advice of the Prime Minister, as permitted by s.28.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 This was a double dissolution, where both the House of Representatives and the Senate were dissolved.
  4. 1 2 "Special Gazette S136, 19 July 2010" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 January 2012.
  5. ↑ "Parliament to sit on September 28". The Sydney Morning Herald. 9 September 2010.
  6. ↑ House of Representatives, Hansard, 27 June 2013; retrieved 9 August 2013
  7. 1 2 corporateName=Commonwealth Parliament; address=Parliament House, Canberra. "Events Search Result". www.aph.gov.au.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. 1 2 2016 Election Document. Retrieved 21 March 2016
  9. ↑ House of Representatives, Votes and Proceedings, 4 April 2019; retrieved 11 April 2019
  10. ↑ Documents relating to the calling of the election for 18 May 2019 Archived 11 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine ; retrieved 11 April 2019
  11. ↑ Governor-General of Australia: Documents relating to the calling of the Federal Election for 3 May 2025

Sources

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