Cockermouth (UK Parliament constituency)

Last updated

Cockermouth division of Cumberland
Former county constituency
for the House of Commons
18851918
Created from West Cumberland and Cockermouth
Replaced by Workington and Penrith and Cockermouth
1641–1885
Created from Cumberland
Replaced byCockermouth
1295–1295
Created from Cumberland
Replaced by Cumberland

Cockermouth was the name of a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of England in 1295, and again from 1641, then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1918. It was a parliamentary borough represented by two Members of Parliament until 1868, and by one member from 1868 to 1885. The name was then transferred to a county constituency electing one MP from 1885 until 1918.

Contents

Notable MPs have included the regicide, Francis Allen.

The borough constituency (until 1885)

Richard Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo DSC 6068-lord-naas-earl-mayo.JPG
Richard Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo

Until the Great Reform Act of 1832, the constituency consisted solely of the market town of Cockermouth in Cumberland. It first returned members to the Model Parliament of 1295, but its franchise then seems to have lapsed until 1641, when the Long Parliament passed a resolution (15 February 1641) to restore its ancient privileges.

The right of election in Cockermouth was vested in the burgage tenants of the borough, of whom there were about 300 in 1832. Cockermouth was considered a pocket borough, with the vast majority of the voters being under the influence of the Lowther family.

At the time of the 1831 census, the borough included just over 1,000 houses and had a population of 4,536. The Reform Act expanded the boundaries to bring in the neighbouring parishes of Eaglesfield, Brigham, Papcastle and Bridekirk, and part of Dovenby, increasing the population to 6,022 and encompassing 1,325 houses. This made the borough big enough to retain both its members. However, in the next wave of reform, introduced at the 1868 general election, one of Cockermouth's two seats was withdrawn, and in 1885 the borough was abolished altogether, although the name was transferred to the surrounding county constituency.

The county constituency (1885-1918)

The Cockermouth constituency created in 1885, strictly speaking The Cockermouth Division of Cumberland, was a compact division stretching westwards from Cockermouth to the sea, and including the much larger town of Workington. There was a significant Irish vote, and the Conservative victory in 1885 and subsequent Liberal gain of the seat in 1886 have been attributed to Parnell's shift of support from the one party to the other.

The constituency was divided between the new Workington and Penrith and Cockermouth divisions of Cumberland from 1918.

Members of Parliament

Cockermouth re-enfranchised by Parliament in Nov 1640

MPs 1641–1868

YearFirst memberFirst partySecond memberSecond party
1641 Sir John Fenwick, Bt [1] Parliamentarian Sir John Hippisley Parliamentarian
1642Seat vacant through double return [2]
1645 Francis Allen
1653Cockermouth was unrepresented in the Barebones Parliament and the First and Second Parliaments of the Protectorate
January 1659 John Stapleton Wilfrid Lawson
May 1659 Not represented in the restored Rump
1660 Richard Tolson Sir Wilfrid Lawson
1661 Hugh Potter
1662 Robert Scawen
1670 John Clarke
1675 Sir Richard Grahme
1679 Sir Orlando Gee
1685 Sir Daniel Fleming
1689 Sir Henry Capell Henry Fletcher
1690 Sir Orlando Gee Sir Wilfrid Lawson
1695 Sir Charles Gerard Goodwin Wharton Whig
1698 George Fletcher Whig William Seymour
1701 Goodwin Wharton Whig
February 1702Thomas Lamplugh
July 1702 James Stanhope Whig
1708 Albemarle Bertie
1710 Nicholas Lechmere
1713 Joseph Musgrave
1715 James Stanhope Whig
April 1717 Sir Thomas Pengelly
July 1717 Lord Percy Seymour [3]
1721 Anthony Lowther
1722 Sir Wilfrid Lawson
1727 William Finch
1734
1738 Eldred Curwen
1741 Sir John Mordaunt
July 1747 Sir Charles Wyndham [4]
December 1747 William Finch
1754 Percy Wyndham-O'Brien [5]
1761 Charles Jenkinson
1767 Captain John Elliot, RN
March 1768 Charles Jenkinson [6] Sir George Macartney
May 1768 Captain George Johnstone, RN [7] Independent
1769 Sir James Lowther
1774 Fletcher Norton [8]
1775 Ralph Gowland James Adair
1780 John Baynes Garforth Tory [9] John Lowther Tory [9]
1784 James Clarke Satterthwaite Tory [9]
1786 Humphrey Senhouse Tory [9]
1790 John Baynes Garforth Tory [9] Sir John Anstruther, 1st and 4th Baronet Tory [9]
1796 Edward Burrow Tory [9]
1800 Walter Spencer-Stanhope Tory [9]
1802 James Graham Tory [9] Robert Plumer Ward Tory [9]
1805 Viscount Garlies Tory [9]
1806 John Lowther Tory [9] James Graham Tory [9]
January 1807 Lord Binning Tory
May 1807 John Lowther Tory [9]
July 1807 John Osborn Tory [9]
1808 Viscount Lowther Tory [9]
October 1812 John Lowther Tory [9]
December 1812 Augustus Foster Tory [9]
1813 Thomas Wallace Tory [9]
1816 John Lowther Tory [9]
1818 Sir John Beckett Tory [9]
1821 William Wilson Carus Wilson Tory [9]
1826 Viscount Garlies Tory [9]
1827 Laurence Peel Tory [9]
1830 Philip Pleydell-Bouverie Whig [9]
1831 John Lowther Tory [9] Sir James Scarlett Tory [9]
1832 Henry Aglionby Aglionby Radical [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] Fretchville Lawson Ballantine Dykes Whig [9]
1836 Edward Horsman Whig [9] [10] [16] [17] [18]
1852 Henry Wyndham Conservative
1854 John Steel Radical [19] [20]
1857 Lord Naas Conservative
1859 Liberal
April 1868 Andrew Green Thompson Conservative
1868 Representation reduced to one member

MPs 1868–1885

ElectionMemberParty
1868 Isaac Fletcher Liberal
1879 by-election William Fletcher Liberal
1880 Edward Waugh Liberal
1885 Borough abolished; name transferred to county division

MPs 1885–1918

Cockermouth Division of Cumberland

ElectionMemberParty
1885 Charles James Valentine Conservative
1886 Sir Wilfrid Lawson Liberal
1900 John Randles Conservative
1906 Sir Wilfrid Lawson Liberal
1906 Sir John Randles Conservative
1910 Sir Wilfrid Lawson jnr. Liberal
1916 Joseph Bliss Liberal
1918 constituency abolished

Elections

Elections in the 1830s

General election 1830: Cockermouth [9] [21]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Tory Randolph Stewart Unopposed
Whig Philip Pleydell-Bouverie Unopposed
Registered electors c.235
Tory hold
Whig gain from Tory
General election 1831: Cockermouth [9] [21]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Tory John Lowther Unopposed
Tory James Scarlett Unopposed
Registered electors c.235
Tory hold
Tory gain from Whig
General election 1832: Cockermouth [9] [22]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Whig Fretchville Lawson Ballantine Dykes 187 40.2 New
Radical Henry Aglionby Aglionby 153 32.9 New
Radical Andrew Green [23] [21] 12526.9New
Majority347.3N/A
Turnout 25583.6N/A
Registered electors 305
Whig gain from Tory Swing N/A
Radical gain from Tory Swing N/A
General election 1835: Cockermouth [9] [22]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Radical Henry Aglionby Aglionby 192 42.7 17.1
Whig Fretchville Lawson Ballantine Dykes 145 32.2 +12.1
Whig Edward Horsman 11325.1+5.0
Majority4710.5N/A
Turnout 25878.74.9
Registered electors 328
Radical hold Swing 17.1
Whig hold Swing +10.3

Dykes resigned, causing a by-election.

By-election, 15 February 1836: Cockermouth [9] [22]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Whig Edward Horsman Unopposed
Whig hold
General election 1837: Cockermouth [9] [22]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Radical Henry Aglionby Aglionby 169 42.0 0.7
Whig Edward Horsman 122 30.3 +5.2
Whig Richard Benson11127.64.6
Majority4711.7+1.2
Turnout 22977.11.6
Registered electors 297
Radical hold Swing 0.7
Whig hold Swing +2.8

Elections in the 1840s

Horsman was appointed a Lord Commissioner of the Treasury, requiring a by-election.

By-election, 1 June 1840: Cockermouth [22]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Whig Edward Horsman 117 56.3 1.6
Conservative Henry Wyndham 9143.8New
Majority2612.5N/A
Turnout 20872.24.9
Registered electors 288
Whig hold Swing N/A
General election 1841: Cockermouth [9] [22]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Radical Henry Aglionby Aglionby 129 36.2 −5.8
Whig Edward Horsman 127 35.7 22.2
Conservative Henry Wyndham 10028.1N/A
Turnout 22878.2+1.1
Registered electors 293
Majority20.511.2
Radical hold Swing '+8.5
Majority277.6N/A
Whig hold Swing 8.5
General election 1847: Cockermouth [22]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Whig Edward Horsman Unopposed
Radical Henry Aglionby Aglionby Unopposed
Registered electors 319
Whig hold
Radical hold

Elections in the 1850s

General election 1852: Cockermouth [22]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Henry Wyndham 160 34.7 New
Radical Henry Aglionby Aglionby 154 33.4 N/A
Whig Edward Horsman 14731.9N/A
Turnout 311 (est)87.5 (est)N/A
Registered electors 355
Majority132.8N/A
Conservative gain from Whig
Majority71.5N/A
Radical hold

Aglionby's death caused a by-election.

By-election, 9 August 1854: Cockermouth [22]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Radical John Steel Unopposed
Radical hold
General election 1857: Cockermouth [22]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Richard Bourke Unopposed
Radical John Steel Unopposed
Registered electors 408
Conservative hold
Radical hold

Bourke was appointed Chief Secretary to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, requiring a by-election.

By-election, 3 March 1858: Cockermouth [22]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Richard Bourke Unopposed
Conservative hold
General election 1859: Cockermouth [22]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Richard Bourke Unopposed
Liberal John Steel Unopposed
Registered electors 412
Conservative hold
Liberal hold

Elections in the 1860s

General election 1865: Cockermouth [22]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Richard Bourke Unopposed
Liberal John Steel Unopposed
Registered electors 336
Conservative hold
Liberal hold

Bourke was appointed Chief Secretary to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, requiring a by-election.

By-election, 11 Jul 1866: Cockermouth [22]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Richard Bourke Unopposed
Conservative hold

Steel's death caused a by-election.

By-election, 27 Apr 1868: Cockermouth [22]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Andrew Green Thompson 171 54.3 N/A
Liberal Isaac Fletcher 144 45.7 N/A
Majority278.6N/A
Turnout 31593.8N/A
Registered electors 336
Conservative gain from Liberal

Seat reduced to one member

General election 1868: Cockermouth [22]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal Isaac Fletcher 620 61.5 N/A
Conservative Henry Lorton Bourke [24] 38838.5N/A
Majority23223.0N/A
Turnout 1,00893.9N/A
Registered electors 1,074
Liberal hold

Elections in the 1870s

General election 1874: Cockermouth [22]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal Isaac Fletcher 506 56.6 4.9
Conservative John Henry Fawcett [25] 38843.4+4.9
Majority11813.29.8
Turnout 89483.010.9
Registered electors 1,077
Liberal hold Swing 4.9

Fletcher's suicide caused a by-election.

By-election, 18 Apr 1879: Cockermouth [22] [26]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal William Fletcher 557 60.3 +3.7
Conservative David Rapley [27] 36639.73.7
Majority19120.6+7.4
Turnout 92383.8+0.8
Registered electors 1,102
Liberal hold Swing +3.7

Elections in the 1880s

General election 1880: Cockermouth [22]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal Edward Waugh 582 60.5 +3.9
Conservative Robert Webster [28] 38039.53.9
Majority20221.0+7.8
Turnout 96287.9+4.9
Registered electors 1,094
Liberal hold Swing +3.9
General election 1885: Cockermouth [29] [30]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Charles James Valentine 3,845 50.1 +10.6
Liberal Wilfrid Lawson 3,83549.910.6
Majority100.2N/A
Turnout 7,68080.57.4
Registered electors 9,538
Conservative gain from Liberal Swing +10.6
Wilfrid Lawson Wilfrid Lawson.jpg
Wilfrid Lawson
General election 1886: Cockermouth [29] [30]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal Wilfrid Lawson 4,130 56.9 +7.0
Liberal Unionist Henry Frazer Curwen [31] 3,12643.17.0
Majority1,00413.8N/A
Turnout 7,25676.14.4
Registered electors 9,538
Liberal gain from Conservative Swing +7.0

Elections in the 1890s

General election 1892: Cockermouth [29] [30]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal Wilfrid Lawson 4,599 54.6 2.3
Conservative John Scott Napier3,82945.4+2.3
Majority7709.24.6
Turnout 8,42877.3+1.2
Registered electors 10,906
Liberal hold Swing 2.3
General election 1895: Cockermouth [29] [30] [32]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal Wilfrid Lawson 4,259 51.5 3.1
Conservative Thomas Milvain 4,01848.5+3.1
Majority2413.06.2
Turnout 8,27780.8+3.5
Registered electors 10,242
Liberal hold Swing 3.1

Elections in the 1900s

General election 1900: Cockermouth [29] [30] [32]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative John Randles 4,276 51.3 +2.8
Liberal Wilfrid Lawson 4,06748.72.8
Majority2092.6N/A
Turnout 8,34376.64.2
Registered electors 10,897
Conservative gain from Liberal Swing +2.8
Sir Wilfrid Lawson, political postcard.jpg
General election 1906: Cockermouth [29] [30]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal Wilfrid Lawson 5,349 52.8 +4.1
Conservative John Randles 4,78647.24.1
Majority5635.6N/A
Turnout 10,13586.6+10.0
Registered electors 11,700
Liberal gain from Conservative Swing +4.1
Frederick Guest Frederick Edward Guest old photo-crop.jpg
Frederick Guest
1906 Cockermouth by-election [29]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative John Randles 4,593 46.2 1.0
Liberal Frederick Guest 3,90339.313.5
Labour Robert Smillie 1,43614.5New
Majority6906.9N/A
Turnout 9,93284.91.7
Registered electors 11,700
Conservative gain from Liberal Swing +6.2

Elections in the 1910s

General election January 1910: Cockermouth [29] [33]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative John Randles 4,579 45.2 1.0
Liberal Wilfrid Lawson 3,63835.93.4
Labour James Percy Whitehead1,90918.9+4.4
Majority9419.3+2.4
Turnout 10,12689.4+4.5
Conservative hold Swing +1.2
Lawson Sir Wilfrid Lawson, 3rd Baronet.jpg
Lawson
General election December 1910: Cockermouth [29] [33]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal Wilfrid Lawson 5,003 52.7 +16.8
Conservative John Randles 4,49247.3+2.1
Majority5115.4N/A
Turnout 9,49583.85.6
Liberal gain from Conservative Swing +7.4

General Election 1914–15:

Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1915. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place and by July 1914, the following candidates had been selected;

1916 Cockermouth by-election [29] [34]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal Joseph Bliss Unopposed N/AN/A
Liberal hold

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References

  1. Fenwick was later elected for Northumberland, which he chose to represent, and ceased to sit for Cockermouth
  2. The election to replace Fenwick was disputed, and the Returning Officer made a double return, i.e. reported both candidates - Sir Thomas Sandford, Bt and Francis Allen - as elected, leaving Parliament to decide. The dispute was still unresolved when Sandford was declared disabled from sitting because of his Royalist sympathies in January 1644; Allen was admitted to sit in 1645.
  3. In a by-election in 1717, Seymour was defeated by Sir Wilfrid Lawson by 90 votes to 84, but Lawson was underage, and on petition Seymour was declared elected
  4. Wyndham was also elected for Taunton, which he chose to represent, and never sat for Cockermouth
  5. Created Earl of Thomond (in the peerage of Ireland), 1756
  6. Jenkinson was also elected for Appleby, which he chose to represent, and did not sit for Cockermouth in this parliament
  7. Johnstone was re-elected at the general election of 1774, but was also elected for Appleby, which he chose to represent, and did not sit for Cockermouth in this parliament
  8. Norton was also elected for Carlisle, which he chose to represent, and never sat for Cockermouth
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 Stooks Smith, Henry. (1973) [1844-1850]. Craig, F. W. S. (ed.). The Parliaments of England (2nd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. pp.  54–57. ISBN   978-0-900178-13-9.
  10. 1 2 Churton, Edward (1836). The Assembled Commons or Parliamentary Biographer: 1836. pp. vii, 3.
  11. Kingsley, Nick (14 July 2013). "(55) Aglionby of Nunnery and Drawdykes Castle". Landed families of Britain and Ireland. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
  12. Ward, J. T. (1967). "The Making of a Whig". Sir James Graham. London: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 26. ISBN   978-1-349-00079-1 . Retrieved 3 May 2018.
  13. "Cockermouth" . Morning Post. 14 December 1832. p. 2. Retrieved 3 May 2018 via British Newspaper Archive.
  14. Hawkins, Angus (2015). "Notions of Representation". Victorian Political Culture: 'Habits of Heart & Mind'. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 172. ISBN   978-0-19-872848-1.
  15. The Illustrated London News, Volume 6. Elm House. 1845. p. 184. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
  16. Mosse, Richard Bartholomew (1838). The Parliamentary Guide: a concise history of the Members of both Houses, etc. pp. 134, 186. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
  17. Cragg, David (2016). "Chapter 8 — Joseph Cragg (1803–1878) and Hannah Grave (1803–1878)". Cragg Family Origins: Great Britain 1770–1859. David Cragg. p. 98. ISBN   9780994519207 . Retrieved 3 May 2018.
  18. Coohill, Joseph, ed. (17 October 2011). "Free Trade Agendas: The Construction of an Article of Faith, 1837–50". Texts & Studies 5: Ideas of the Liberal Party: Perceptions, Agendas and Liberal Politics in the House of Commons, 1832–52. 30 (s2): 170–203. doi:10.1111/j.1750-0206.2011.00262.x.
  19. "Cockermouth" . Carlisle Patriot. 12 August 1854. pp. 4–5. Retrieved 3 May 2018 via British Newspaper Archive.
  20. Dod, Charles Roger; Dod, Robert Phipps (1855). Dod's Parliamentary Companion. Dod's Parliamentary Companion. p. 279.
  21. 1 2 3 Escott, Margaret. "Cockermouth". The History of Parliament. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
  22. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Craig, F. W. S., ed. (1977). British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885 (1st ed.). London: Macmillan Press. ISBN   978-1-349-02349-3.
  23. "Cockermouth" . Morning Post. 14 December 1832. p. 2. Retrieved 10 April 2020 via British Newspaper Archive.
  24. "Cockermouth" . Carlisle Patriot. 18 September 1868. p. 8. Retrieved 4 February 2018 via British Newspaper Archive.
  25. "The General Election" . The Morning Post . 5 February 1874. p. 2. Retrieved 28 December 2017 via British Newspaper Archive.
  26. "Cockermouth Election" . South Wales Daily News. 17 April 1879. Retrieved 6 October 2016 via British Newspaper Archive.
  27. "Cockermouth Election" . Rhyl Record and Advertiser . 19 April 1879. p. 3. Retrieved 28 December 2017 via British Newspaper Archive.
  28. "The General Election". Lloyd's Weekly Newspaper . 4 April 1880. p. 7. Retrieved 25 November 2017.
  29. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 British Parliamentary Election Results 1885-1918, FWS Craig
  30. 1 2 3 4 5 6 The Liberal Year Book, 1907
  31. "Yesterday's Nominations". London Evening Standard . 8 July 1886. p. 3. Retrieved 25 November 2017.
  32. 1 2 Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1901
  33. 1 2 Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1916
  34. Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1918