Crepis tectorum | |
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Inflorescence | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Asterids |
Order: | Asterales |
Family: | Asteraceae |
Tribe: | Cichorieae |
Genus: | Crepis |
Species: | C. tectorum |
Binomial name | |
Crepis tectorum | |
Synonyms [1] | |
Synonymy
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Crepis tectorum, commonly referred to as 'the narrowleaf hawksbeard [2] ' or 'narrow-leaved hawk's-beard [3] ', is an annual or winter annual plant between 30 and 100 centimetres in height. Originating in Siberia before being introduced to Canada in 1890, [4] the Narrowleaf hawksbeard's is an invasive species. Maintaining one branched, hairless and leafy stem during maturity, the Narrowleaf hawksbeard has yellow leaves which are arranged in an alternate manner and less than 0.5 inches (13 mm) wide.
The Narrowleaf hawksbeard's scientific namesake 'Crepis tectorum' originates from the Greek word krepis meaning sandal or slipper, which resembles the shape of the seed. [5]
Crepis tectorum is native to most of Europe, [6] as well as northern and central Asia (Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, and parts of China (Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Xinjiang)). [7]
The species is now naturalized in much of Canada, Greenland, and northern parts of the United States including Alaska. [8] Narrowleaf hawksbeard is now commonly found in the parkland zone of Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba. [4] Crepis tectorum is found in waste areas, conventional tillage, reduced tillage, forage and hay fields, and roadsides. [9] [10]
Crepis tectorum is identified by its long, erect stem and yellow, dandelion-like flowers. [4] The leaves are pointed and lobed with a length of 10–15 centimetres (3.9–5.9 in) and width up to 4 cm (1.6 in). [4] The flower heads look like they contain single flowers, but in fact they contain many ray florets. [4]
Crepis tectorum may look similar to a dandelion at this stage but will have teeth that point downward on the underside leaf margin. [10] The cotyledons are oval and the first true leaves are more elongated with petioles.
The juvenile stage of the narrowleaf hawksbeard is distinguishable by its rosette of leaves. [10] The stem may contain a milky-white latex. [10]
A mature Crepis tectorum plant will have dandelion-like flowers, with many flower heads on each stem. [10] When the plant had gone to seed it will have a white, fluffy head where the flower used to be. [10] The seeds are dark purple/brown achenes dispersed by the wind using hairs called the pappus. [4]
Crepis tectorum is an annual weed that grows in cultivated fields and roadsides. It is very invasive so it can take over a field and lead to serious ecological impacts for the surrounding. Crepis tectorum is able to grow in calcareous soil as well as soil that does not contain lime. [4] However, it grows best in nutrient rich soils containing clays and loams. [4] It also thrives in dry, coarse soil. It grows with other species in the wild however, it becomes infectious if not controlled by humans. It can easily be removed by hand, although it can be controlled better by chemical means. The presence of the Narrowleaf hawksbeard is damaging to the soil and other species of plants nearby as it generally takes over the area. The temperature range for germination is 2–4 °C (36–39 °F), with an optimum depth of 3–4 cm (1.2–1.6 in). [11] Narrow-leaved hawksbeard grows on both calcareous and lime-deficient soils.
Individuals of this species are usually approximately 3 feet (0.91 m) tall, single-stemmed, yellow petals on flowers, and produce 30–70 yellow ray florets.
Inflorescences of Crepis tectorum are approximately ½-¾ inches wide and are hermaphrodite, having both male and female organs. It produces small flowers from June until September. The fruit is cylindrical shaped and dark brown. The fruit of Crepis tectorum is dry and is called an achene. [4]
Narrowleaf hawksbeard responds best to a fall application of 2,4-DB herbicide. [4] Non-chemical methods of control include spring or fall tillage to control winter annuals and the correct use of agronomic practices such as fertilization for the control of annuals. [4] Biological control can be achieved by insects, non-domestic animals, microorganisms, and viruses. [4] However, the use of biological control can be risky and should always be approached with caution.
Coreopsis lanceolata, the lance-leaved coreopsis, is a North American species of tickseed in the sunflower family. It is native to the eastern and central parts of the United States and naturalized in Canada, the western United States, Mesoamerica, South America, South Africa and eastern Australia. Under natural conditions, it is found in open woodlands, prairies, plains, meadows, and savannas. The genus name Coreopsis means "bug-like"; it comes from the Greek words "koris", meaning "bug" and "opsis", meaning "like".
The smooth hawksbeard, Crepis capillaris, is a species of flowering plant in the dandelion tribe within the sunflower family, native to Europe. It has become naturalized in other lands and is regarded as a weed in some places.
Crepis, commonly known in some parts of the world as hawksbeard or hawk's-beard, is a genus of annual and perennial flowering plants of the family Asteraceae superficially resembling the dandelion, the most conspicuous difference being that Crepis usually has branching scapes with multiple heads. The genus name Crepis derives from the Greek krepis, meaning "slipper" or "sandal", possibly in reference to the shape of the fruit.
Melilotus albus, known as honey clover, white melilot (UK), Bokhara clover (Australia), white sweetclover (USA), and sweet clover, is a nitrogen-fixing legume in the family Fabaceae. Melilotus albus is considered a valuable honey plant and source of nectar and is often grown for forage. Its characteristic sweet odor, intensified by drying, is derived from coumarin.
Packera obovata, the roundleaf ragwort or spoon-leaved ragwort, is an erect perennial herb native to Eastern North America. It was previously called Senecio obovatus. Basal and lower leaves are obovate with toothed margins, while upper leaves are pinnately divided. The ray flowers are yellow and the disk flowers orange-yellow, the inflorescences being held well above the foliage.
Emilia sonchifolia, also known as lilac tasselflower or cupid's shaving brush, is tropical flowering species of tasselflower in the sunflower family. It is widespread in tropical regions around the world, apparently native to Asia and naturalized in Africa, Australia, the Americas, and various oceanic islands.
Crepis monticola is a North American species of wildflowers in the daisy family known by the common name mountain hawksbeard.
Lactuca canadensis is a species of wild lettuce known by the common names Canada lettuce, Canada wild lettuce, tall lettuce, and Florida blue lettuce. Its true native range is not clear, but it is considered to be a native of the eastern and central parts of North America. It naturalized in the western part of the continent as well as in Eurasia.
Taraxacum is a large genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, which consists of species commonly known as dandelions. The genus is native to Eurasia and North America, but the two commonplace species worldwide, T. officinale and T. erythrospermum, were introduced from Europe and now propagate as wildflowers. Both species are edible in their entirety. The common name dandelion is given to members of the genus. Like other members of the family Asteraceae, they have very small flowers collected together into a composite flower head. Each single flower in a head is called a floret. In part due to their abundance along with being a generalist species, dandelions are one of the most vital early spring nectar sources for a wide host of pollinators. Many Taraxacum species produce seeds asexually by apomixis, where the seeds are produced without pollination, resulting in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent plant.
A weed is a plant considered undesirable in a particular situation, "a plant in the wrong place". Examples commonly are plants unwanted in human-controlled settings, such as farm fields, gardens, lawns, and parks. Taxonomically, the term "weed" has no botanical significance, because a plant that is a weed in one context is not a weed when growing in a situation where it is in fact wanted, and where one species of plant is a valuable crop plant, another species in the same genus might be a serious weed, such as a wild bramble growing among cultivated loganberries. In the same way, volunteer crops (plants) are regarded as weeds in a subsequent crop. Many plants that people widely regard as weeds also are intentionally grown in gardens and other cultivated settings, in which case they are sometimes called beneficial weeds. The term weed also is applied to any plant that grows or reproduces aggressively, or is invasive outside its native habitat. More broadly "weed" occasionally is applied pejoratively to species outside the plant kingdom, species that can survive in diverse environments and reproduce quickly; in this sense it has even been applied to humans.
Crepis acuminata is a North American species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common name tapertip hawksbeard. It is native to the western United States where it grows in many types of open habitat.
Crepis bakeri is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common name Baker's hawksbeard. It is native to the western United States where it grows in many types of mountain and plateau habitat. It is found in Oregon, Washington, Idaho, northern California, Nevada, and Utah.
Crepis intermedia is a North American species of flowering plants in the daisy family known by the common name limestone hawksbeard. It is native to the Pacific Northwest, Columbia Plateau, Great Plains and Southwestern regions of western North America.
Crepis modocensis is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common name Modoc hawksbeard.
Crepis occidentalis is a North American species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common names western hawksbeard, or largeflower hawksbeard. It is native to western Canada and the western United States.
Crepis pleurocarpa is a North American species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common name nakedstem hawksbeard. It is native to the western United States (Washington, Oregon, northern California and western Nevada.
Crepis runcinata is a North American species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common name fiddleleaf hawksbeard. It is native to western and central Canada, the western and central United States and northern Mexico (Chihuahua).
Crepis paludosa, the marsh hawk's-beard, is a European species of plants in the dandelion tribe within the sunflower family. It is widespread across much of Europe with isolated populations in Iceland, the Ural Mountains, and the Caucasus.
Crepis biennis is a European species of flowering plant in the daisy family with the common name Rough Hawksbeard. It is native to Europe and Asia Minor, as well as being sparingly naturalized in scattered locations in the northeastern United States and on the island of Newfoundland in eastern Canada. Many people think that they are dandelions because they look so alike but that is only because both are in the daisy family.
Crepis vesicaria is a European species of flowering plant in the daisy family with the common name beaked hawk's-beard. It is native to the Western and Southern Europe from Ireland and Portugal east as far as Germany, Austria, and Greece. It became naturalized in scattered locations in North America.