Cyclone Lua

Last updated

Map key
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
Disc Plain black.svg Tropical cyclone
Solid black.svg Subtropical cyclone
ArrowUp.svg Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

Cyclone Lua originated in a broad area of disturbed weather that was spawned by a deep trough of low pressure and enhanced by a Madden–Julian oscillation pulse. [1] The precursor to Lua was first identified through satellite imagery by 8 March 2012, while situated about 1,100 km (680 mi) to the north-northwest of Learmonth. [2] Analysis of the disturbance revealed a diffuse low-level centre of circulation loosely bounded by sporadic, but multiplying, convection. [2] On 9 March, the Bureau of Meteorology's (BoM) Tropical Cyclone Warning Center (TCWC) in Perth recognised the developing system and remarked on the potential for tropical cyclone formation over the following several days. [3] The low pressure area meandered for several days, making some progress toward the east, and gradually consolidated. [4]

By 12 March, the system had developed persistent deep convection over the eastern half of its core and organised banding features elsewhere. Moderate vertical wind shear initially hampered intensification, [5] though the BoM designated the system Tropical Low 16U; at the time, it was centred roughly 230 km (140 mi) northwest of Karratha, Western Australia. [6] At 2300 UTC on 12 March, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert. [7] With increasingly favourable environmental conditions—including warm ocean waters and dwindling wind shear—the low organised significantly between 12 and 13 March, and at 0600 UTC on the 13th, TCWC Perth upgraded the low to Tropical Cyclone Lua. [8] Simultaneously, the JTWC issued its first tropical cyclone warning on 17S. [9] Contrary to real-time operations, the official BoM "best track" database does not list the storm as having attained Category 1 tropical cyclone intensity until 0000 UTC on 14 March. [4]

At the time of its designation, Lua was nearly stationary in terms of forward movement, caught in the equilibrium between a blocking ridge to the southwest and increasing monsoonal winds from the northwest. [8] The ridge began to drive Lua north-northwestward at up to 20 km/h (12 mph), [10] before the storm resumed its slow pace on 14 March. [11] The storm remained relatively disorganised, its strengthening limited by moderate wind shear and dry air entering its centre. Consequently, a large void of thunderstorm activity created a "horseshoe pattern". [12] Nonetheless, Lua proved resilient, and good outflow helped compensate for the adverse shear. [13] The southwesterly steering currents weakened, causing the storm to begin its anticipated curve toward the east and east-southeast. [14] According to the JTWC, the storm completed a small loop as a result of competing steering factors. At the same time, the upper levels of the atmosphere became far more conducive to the cyclone's intensification, and the storm's banding pattern tightened. [15] With a building ridge to its north, Lua accelerated east-southeastward on 15 March, [16] and with wind shear oscillating but generally decreasing, the storm became a Category 3 severe tropical cyclone at 1800 UTC. [4]

Continuing to intensify, Lua began to exhibit an ill-defined eye on visible satellite imagery on 16 March. The storm was expansive, producing storm-force winds in a circular area 850 km (530 mi) across. [17] Still, the deepest convection and most favourable outflow was focused away from the eastern semicircle due to persistent light easterly wind shear. [18] The storm's structure improved throughout the day and into the night, [19] and at 1800 UTC on 16 March, the storm attained its peak 10-minute maximum sustained winds of 155 km/h (96 mph), classifying it as an upper-end Category 3 severe tropical cyclone. [20] Early on 17 March, the storm turned due south toward the Pilbara coast, and the JTWC reported that Lua's peak strength was marked by 1-minute sustained winds of 175 km/h (109 mph), at 0600 UTC. [21] At its deepest, the storm possessed a central barometric pressure of 935 hPa (27.6 inHg). Lua made landfall near Pardoo, about 150 km (93 mi) east-northeast of Port Hedland, at 0700 UTC while still at peak intensity. [1] The cyclone steadily weakened as it progressed southward, [22] tracking directly over the Yarrie mine before passing about halfway between Newman and Jigalong. [1] With little extant convection and a shallow, exposed centre, Lua deteriorated below tropical cyclone status early on 18 March near Wiluna. The cyclone's remnants later entered the Goldfields-Esperance region. [11]

Preparations and economic impact

Tropical Low 16U meandering off the Australian coast on 13 March 16-U Mar 13 2012 0132Z.jpg
Tropical Low 16U meandering off the Australian coast on 13 March

The BoM hoisted its first Cyclone Watch on 14 March for coastal areas between Mardie Station and Cape Leveque. [23] A Cyclone Warning was posted the next day for a smaller stretch of coastline within that range. [24] As Lua approached the coastline, the Cyclone Warning was in place from Cape Leveque to Dampier. Communities between Bidyadanga and Port Hedland were under a Red Alert, the highest level of caution issued by the Fire and Emergency Services Authority of Western Australia (FESA). The alert advised included residents to "go to shelter immediately". Localities elsewhere between Broome and Whim Creek were on Yellow Alert, while a Blue Alert was issued between Whim Creek and Dampier, to the west of the Yellow Alert area. [25] Work at multiple oil fields and mining sites was suspended or slowed, with non-essential staff being removed at the sites remaining in operation. [26] It was estimated that national oil production was reduced by about 25% during the storm's approach. [27]

Officials of the Port of Port Hedland, an important iron ore exporting terminal, closed and evacuated the port by the morning of 16 March, operating under standard emergency preparedness procedure. [28] Overall, nearly 40 ships in the port were relocated from the port out of the path of the storm. [29] The Port of Dampier was also closed. [30] The Port of Port Hedland reopened to shipping on 18 March, about 52 hours after its closure, with little or no damage reported, [31] though the downtime drove iron ore prices up for a time, and reduced exports of the raw material by 4.7% compared to the previous month. In total, Lua cost natural resources companies over $217 million (2012 AUD; $230 million 2012 USD) in stunted industry, accounting for nearly all of the monetary losses resulting from the storm. [32] [33]

With the destruction wrought by Cyclone Laurence in 2009 still fresh in their minds, residents, business owners, and farmers worked hurriedly to prepare their properties and livestock for Lua's onslaught. [26] Horizon Power temporarily redirected power supply in the towns of Marble Bar and Nullagine from solar power stations to diesel generator stations. [34] Evacuation shelters were opened to refugees of the storm with no safe living arrangements starting 16 March. [29] About 110 individuals sought shelter at one such location in Nullagine. [35] As the storm moved inland, flood warnings were posted throughout the Kimberley and the Pilbara, [26] where officials closed public access to Karijini National Park. [29] The impending cyclone forced the closure of the Great Northern and North West Coast highways, [30] while flights to and from several airports were cancelled. [36]

Meteorological effects and aftermath

Microwave-enhanced satellite image of Lua at 0000 UTC on 17 March, at peak intensity; a well-defined centre is visible Cyclone Lua microwave March 17 2012.jpg
Microwave-enhanced satellite image of Lua at 0000 UTC on 17 March, at peak intensity; a well-defined centre is visible

On coming ashore, Cyclona Lua produced strong winds, gusting to 150 km/h (93 mph) at Port Hedland, [37] and appreciable rainfall, peaking at 88.6 mm (3.49 in) at Bidyadanga. [1] The precipitation was widespread, affecting a large area of interior Western Australia. The overcast weather led to abnormally cool temperatures, which broke monthly records in portions of the central and eastern Pilbara. For instance, the Port Hedland Airport recorded a maximum temperature of 24.1 °C on 17 March, the coldest March day in the station's history; the previous record of 25.8 °C was set 64 years prior. As the remnants of Lua continued poleward, they continued to drop heavy rainfall, including a daily total (19 March) of 75.0 mm (2.95 in) at Edjudina, setting the record for the wettest March day there. [11] A barometer reading of 939 hPa (27.7 inHg) at Rowley Shoals represented the lowest observed pressure associated with the storm. [1]

Striking a relatively isolated area, the cyclone's effects were limited, and no fatalities or injuries were reported. Indeed, a FESA official noted that initial reports of damage were "scant". [38] Preliminary assessments suggested that Pardoo Roadhouse and the small surrounding community bore the brunt of the storm, as most towns and farms in the region escaped relatively unscathed. [39] The manager of the roadhouse relayed that the height of the storm was "absolutely horrific", downing numerous trees and causing some structural damage. [37] Some destruction was also observed at the Yarrie Homestead, [1] where return to normalcy was expected to take as long as 12 months. [37] Numerous buildings on the Warrawagine Homestead sustained damage such as compromised roofs and doors, which amounted to an estimated $70,000 (2012 AUD; 74,000 2012 USD [40] ). Several head of cattle were killed by the storm. [41] Moderate to major flooding took place in several areas, especially along the De Grey River drainage basin, [42] though the rainfall proved beneficial in much of the climatologically dry area. [41] The above-normal precipitation allowed farmers to get a head-start on planting winter crops. [43]

In the aftermath of the storm, the Western Australia state government allocated relief funds to offset the cost of recovery and clean-up in several of the affected towns. Individuals and families became eligible to apply for personal grants and small business owners would be considered for special interest rates on new loans. [44] Local government entities listed under the proclamation were the shires of Ashburton, Broome, East Pilbara, Meekatharra, and the Town of Port Hedland. Disaster assistance money in these jurisdictions would be used to restore public assets and infrastructure impaired by the storm. [45] The name Lua was later retired from the cyclical list of tropical cyclone names due to the system's adverse effects on land and was replaced by the name Luana. [46]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1999–2000 Australian region cyclone season</span>

The 1999–2000 Australian region cyclone season was a slightly above average tropical cyclone season. It ran from 1 November 1999 to 30 April 2000. The regional tropical cyclone operational plan also defines a "tropical cyclone year" separately from a "tropical cyclone season", with the "tropical cyclone year" for this season lasting from 1 July 1999 to 30 June 2000.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyclone George</span> Category 5 Australian region cyclone in 2007

Severe Tropical Cyclone George was one of the most powerful Australian tropical cyclones on record, attaining a minimum barometric pressure of 902 mbar. It was also the strongest tropical cyclone worldwide in 2007 and the last Australian region tropical cyclone to achieve this record to date. The cyclone formed on 26 February 2007 in the Northern Territory's Top End, and intensified when it entered the Joseph Bonaparte Gulf, before crossing the northern coast of the Kimberley. It moved over the Indian Ocean, intensifying to a Category 4 cyclone, and eventually crossed the Pilbara coast just east of Port Hedland at peak intensity. After further analysis from the Bureau of Meteorology, George was reclassified to Category 5. The cyclone caused significant damage to the town of Port Hedland and numerous isolated mining camps around the town. Losses in Northern Territory amounted to at least A$12 million. Two people died and more than a dozen others were infected in a melioidosis outbreak following the Northern Territory floods. Insured damage in Western Australia amounted to $8 million, and there were three fatalities.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2006–07 Australian region cyclone season</span> Tropical cyclone season

The 2006–07 Australian region cyclone season was a below average tropical cyclone season. It began on 1 November 2006 and ended on 30 April 2007; however, Tropical Cyclone Pierre formed on 17 May, after the official end date. The regional tropical cyclone operational plan also defines a tropical cyclone year separately from a tropical cyclone season, which runs from 1 July 2006 to 30 June 2007.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2008–09 Australian region cyclone season</span> Tropical cyclone season

The 2008–09 Australian region cyclone season was a near average tropical cyclone season. It officially started on 1 November 2008, and officially ended on 30 April 2009. This season was also the first time that the BoM implemented a "tropical cyclone year." The regional tropical cyclone operational plan defines a "tropical cyclone year" separately from a "tropical cyclone season"; the "tropical cyclone year" began on 1 July 2008 and ended on 30 June 2009.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1995–96 Australian region cyclone season</span>

The 1995–96 Australian region cyclone season was an active Australian cyclone season, with Western Australia experiencing a record number of landfalling intense storms in the Pilbara region. The season produced a total of 19 tropical cyclones, of which 14 developed into named storms and 9 reached severe tropical cyclone status. The strongest of the season was Severe Tropical Cyclone Olivia, which also produced the highest recorded wind gust on record of 408 km/h (253 mph). Though several systems impacted land, the general sparsity of population centres in Australia limits the scale of damage. One person was confirmed to have been killed and cumulative losses were estimated at A$77 million (US$58.5 million).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2011–12 Australian region cyclone season</span> Tropical cyclone season

The 2011–12 Australian region cyclone season was a below average tropical cyclone season, with 7 cyclones forming rather than the usual 11. It began on 1 November 2011, and ended on 14 May 2012. The regional tropical cyclone operational plan defines a "tropical cyclone year" separately from a "tropical cyclone season"; the "tropical cyclone year" began on 1 July 2011 and ended on 30 June 2012.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pardoo Station</span> Pastoral lease in Western Australia

Pardoo Station is a pastoral lease, formerly a sheep station, and now a cattle station approximately 120 kilometres (75 mi) east of Port Hedland and 121 kilometres (75 mi) north of Marble Bar, in the Pilbara region of Western Australia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyclone Gwenda</span> Category 5 Australian region cyclone in 1999

Severe Tropical Cyclone Gwenda is tied with Cyclone Inigo as the most intense Australian tropical cyclone on record, with a barometric pressure of 900 hPa (mbar) and was the most intense storm worldwide in 1999. Forming out of a tropical disturbance over the Arafura Sea on 2 April 1999, the precursor to Gwenda tracked slowly westward and gradually became more organised. On 4 April, the system developed into a Category 1 cyclone and was named Gwenda. It began to undergo explosive intensification the following day, and in a 30-hour span ending early on 7 April, the storm's maximum 10-minute sustained wind speed increased from 75 to 225 km/h and its barometric pressure decreased to 900 hPa (mbar). The Joint Typhoon Warning Center reported that the storm had peaked as a high-end Category 4 equivalent on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyclone Chris</span> Category 5 Australian region cyclone in 2002

Severe Tropical Cyclone Chris was one of the most powerful cyclones to strike Western Australia on record, packing winds gusting up to 290 km/h (180 mph).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyclone Clare</span> Category 3 Australian region cyclone in 2006

Severe Tropical Cyclone Clare was a moderately strong cyclone that struck Western Australia in January 2006. The storm formed as an area of low pressure in the Arafura Sea, and moved westward. After receiving the name Clare on 7 January, the system ultimately peaked at Category 3 intensity on the Australian tropical cyclone scale. It moved ashore on the coast of the Pilbara and proceeded inland, dissipating on 10 January. Clare produced winds of 142 km/h (88 mph) at Karratha and triggered widespread torrential rainfall that led to flooding. Following its usage, the name Clare was retired by the Bureau of Meteorology, and will never be used again for a tropical cyclone in the area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2012–13 Australian region cyclone season</span> Tropical cyclone season

The 2012–13 Australian region cyclone season was a slightly below average tropical cyclone season event in the ongoing cycle of tropical cyclone formation. It officially started on 1 November 2012, and officially ended on 30 April 2013, despite Cyclone Zane being an active system at the time. The regional tropical cyclone operational plan defines a "tropical cyclone year" separately from a "tropical cyclone season"; the "tropical cyclone year" began on 1 July 2012 and ended on 30 June 2013.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyclone Fay</span> Category 5 Australian region cyclone in 2004

Severe Tropical Cyclone Fay was an intense late-season tropical cyclone which struck Western Australia during the 2003–04 Australian region cyclone season. Forming from an area of low pressure on 12 March, Fay was the only Category 5 cyclone during the season. The system had a minimum pressure of 910 mbar and maximum sustained winds of 210 km/h (130 mph). Moving towards the southwest and eventually towards the south, Fay gradually strengthened as it paralleled the northwestern coast of Australia, and made landfall on the Pilbara coast on the morning of 27 March as a Category 4 cyclone.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyclone Joan</span> Category 5 Australian region cyclone in 1975

Severe Tropical Cyclone Joan was an intense tropical cyclone that ravaged areas of Western Australia. Forming out of a tropical low on 30 November 1975, Joan gradually intensified as it tracked towards the west. After attaining Category 5 intensity on 5 December, the storm abruptly began to track southward and accelerated. The following day, the cyclone reached its peak intensity with winds of 215 km/h (130 mph) and a barometric pressure of 915 hPa (27.02 inHg). Joan only weakened slightly before making landfall in the vicinity of Mundabullagana. The cyclone rapidly weakened after landfall before dissipating over Western Australia on 12 December.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyclone John</span> Category 5 Australian region cyclone in 1999

Severe Tropical Cyclone John was an intense tropical cyclone that rapidly deepened offshore before devastating areas of Western Australia. The system was the second cyclone and first severe tropical cyclone of the active 1999–00 Australian region cyclone season. Cyclone John developed from a monsoon trough positioned northwest of Australia on 9 December 1999. As it moved to the west and later south as the result of a subtropical ridge under favourable conditions, the cyclone was able to rapidly intensify. John reached peak intensity on 14 December as a Category 5 cyclone on the Australian cyclone scale, the highest rating possible. Cyclone John later began interacting with a mid–latitude trough, which slightly weakened the cyclone prior to making landfall near Whim Creek early on 15 December. Increasingly unfavourable conditions further inland resulted in the cyclone's rapid weakening, before it dissipated during the next day.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyclone Rusty</span> Category 4 Australian region cyclone in 2013

Severe Tropical Cyclone Rusty was a strong, slow-moving tropical cyclone that produced record duration gale-force winds in Port Hedland, Western Australia in late February 2013. Originating as an area of low pressure on 22 February well to the northwest of the Kimberley region of Western Australia, the precursor to Rusty steadily developed within a favourable environment. Gradually decreasing surface pressures in the region signaled intensification and the low was classified as Tropical Cyclone Rusty on 23 February. Although a large, sprawling system, near-record high sea surface temperatures enabled Rusty to quickly deepen. Becoming essentially stationary on 25 February, the system acquired hurricane-force winds as its core improved in structure. The cyclone achieved its peak intensity two days later with maximum ten-minute sustained winds of 165 km/h (105 mph) and a barometric pressure of 944 hPa. Thereafter, interaction with land caused its core to collapse before the system made landfall near Pardoo Station. Rusty weakened below cyclone strength on 28 February. Its remnants persisted over Western Australia for several more days before being absorbed into an extratropical cyclone on 5 March.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyclone Ilona</span> Category 2 Australian region cyclone

Severe Tropical Cyclone Ilona caused moderate damage across the Pilbara region of Western Australia in mid-December 1988. The system originated from a monsoon trough that coalesced into a tropical low over the Timor Sea on 12 December. The system initially moved southwest, before moving on a more westerly course. Steady intensification occurred and Ilona reached its peak strength on 17 December as a low-end severe tropical cyclone. A southward turn directed the cyclone toward Western Australia, and it made landfall near Mardie Station. The system subsequently degraded over land and dissipated on 19 December.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyclone Stan (2016)</span> Southern Hemisphere tropical cyclone in 2016

Tropical Cyclone Stan was a strong tropical cyclone that caused minor damage across the Pilbara region of Western Australia, and caused severe flooding in Southern Australia. The third tropical low, and the first named storm, Stan formed from a weak tropical low 750 km (465 mi) to the north of Port Hedland. Stan rapidly intensified as it was located in a favorable environment. It later peaked as a category-2 cyclone, with winds of nearly 75 mph. Stan later made landfall in the Pilbara region, and turned into a remnant low. It later dissipated over Southern Australia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyclone Veronica</span>

Severe Tropical Cyclone Veronica was a large and powerful tropical cyclone which brought major impacts to the Pilbara region of Western Australia during March 2019. The nineteenth tropical low, eighth tropical cyclone and fifth severe tropical cyclone on the 2018–19 Australian region cyclone season, Veronica first appeared as a tropical low near East Timor on 18 March 2019. The system was slow to develop initially while tracking southwestwards through the Timor Sea, but began to consolidate the following day. The storm was upgraded by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) to a Category 1 tropical cyclone on the Australian scale at 18:00 UTC on 19 March, by which time a steady development trend had begun. Upon attaining Category 2 status at 06:00 UTC on 20 March, Veronica underwent a period of explosive intensification. The system became a severe tropical cyclone six hours later, and Category 4 just six hours after that. Veronica reached peak intensity at 06:00 UTC the following day as a high-end Category 4 severe tropical cyclone, with ten-minute sustained winds estimated at 195 km/h (120 mph), and a central barometric pressure of 938 hPa. The United States' Joint Typhoon Warning Center estimated that the system was generating one-minute sustained winds of 230 km/h (145 mph), equivalent to a mid-range Category 4 major hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale. Veronica proceeded to weaken very gradually over the following few days as it turned towards Western Australia's Pilbara coastline. The system weakened to Category 3 while located just off the Pilbara coast, where it became almost stationary for 24 hours. Veronica began to weaken more quickly as it accelerated westwards on 25 March, tracking parallel to the coast. The system was downgraded below tropical cyclone intensity on 26 March, and after making landfall on North West Cape later that day, the system began to track away from the Australian mainland. Ex-Tropical Cyclone Veronica dissipated on 31 March over the eastern Indian Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyclone Heidi</span> Tropical cyclone in 2012

Severe Tropical Cyclone Heidi was a small and strong tropical cyclone that struck Western Australia in January 2012. The seventh tropical low, third tropical cyclone, and second severe tropical cyclone of the 2011–12 Australian region cyclone season, Heidi developed from a tropical low that formed to the south of Indonesia on 9 January, before strengthening into a Category 1 tropical cyclone on the following day. Tracking southward towards the Pilbara coast in a favourable environment, Heidi rapidly intensified and attained Category 3 severe tropical cyclone status on 11 January. After making landfall at peak intensity later that day with estimated winds of 150 km/h (95 mph), Heidi rapidly weakened, dissipating over Western Australia by 13 January.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyclone Ilsa</span> Category 5 Australian region cyclone in 2023

Severe Tropical Cyclone Ilsa was a powerful tropical cyclone that struck Western Australia in April 2023. The sixth named storm, and the fifth severe tropical cyclone of the 2022–23 Australian region cyclone season, Ilsa formed from a tropical low off the coast of Indonesia on 6 April. It fluctuated in intensity and became a Category 1 tropical cyclone on 11 April, after deep convection became symmetric around the low-level circulation center. Ilsa then rapidly intensified the following day and reached its peak intensity as a Category 5 severe tropical cyclone on the Australian tropical cyclone intensity scale. Ten-minute sustained winds were estimated as 230 km/h (145 mph), with a central barometric pressure of 915 hPa (27.02 inHg). One-minute sustained winds reached 260 km/h (160 mph) at this time, equivalent to a Category 5 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale. Additionally, record-breaking ten-minute sustained wind speed of 219 km/h (136 mph) were measured at Bedout Island, beating the previous record of Cyclone George in 2007. Ilsa made landfall roughly 120 km (75 mi) northeast of Port Hedland, Western Australia. Inland, Ilsa weakened to a low-end tropical cyclone with 85 km/h (50 mph) winds. Overall, Ilsa caused around A$4 million in damage, and caused 8 deaths after two boats capsized off the coast of Western Australia.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Severe Tropical Cyclone Lua". Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  2. 1 2 "Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Indian Ocean, 8 March 2012 1951z". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 8 March 2012. Archived from the original on 22 May 2024. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  3. Tropical Cyclone Warning Center Perth (9 March 2012). "Tropical Cyclone three-day outlook for the Western Region, 12:47 pm WST on Friday the 9th of March 2012". Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 22 May 2024. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  4. 1 2 3 International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. "2012 LUA (2012069S14111)". University of North Carolina, Asheville. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  5. "Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Indian Ocean, 12 March 2012 0752z". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 12 March 2012. Archived from the original on 22 May 2024. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  6. Tropical Cyclone Warning Center Perth (12 March 2012). "Tropical Cyclone three-day outlook for the Western Region, 12:27 pm WST on Friday the 12th of March 2012". Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 22 May 2024. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  7. "Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert, 12 March 2012 2300z". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 12 March 2012. Archived from the original on 21 October 2011. Retrieved 22 November 2012.
  8. 1 2 Tropical Cyclone Warning Center Perth. "Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin, 0704z 13/03/2012". Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 22 May 2024. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  9. "Tropical Cyclone 17S (Lua) Warning Number 1". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 13 March 2012. Archived from the original on 22 May 2024. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  10. Tropical Cyclone Warning Center Perth. "Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin, 0145z 14/03/2012". Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 22 May 2024. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  11. 1 2 3 Western Australia Climate Services Centre (24 May 2012). "March 2012 Western Australia Monthly Weather Review" (PDF). Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  12. "Tropical Cyclone 17S (Lua) Warning Number 5". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 14 March 2012. Archived from the original on 22 May 2024. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  13. "Tropical Cyclone 17S (Lua) Warning Number 6". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 14 March 2012. Archived from the original on 22 May 2024. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  14. Tropical Cyclone Warning Center Perth (15 March 2012). "Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin, 0104z 15/03/2012". Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 22 May 2024. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  15. "Tropical Cyclone 17S (Lua) Warning Number 7". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 14 March 2012. Archived from the original on 22 May 2024. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  16. "Tropical Cyclone 17S (Lua) Warning Number 8". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 15 March 2012. Archived from the original on 22 May 2024. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  17. Tropical Cyclone Warning Center Perth (16 March 2012). "Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin, 0701z 16/03/2012". Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 22 May 2024. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  18. "Tropical Cyclone 17S (Lua) Warning Number 9". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 16 March 2012. Archived from the original on 22 May 2024. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  19. Tropical Cyclone Warning Center Perth (16 March 2012). "Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin, 1853z 16/03/2012". Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 22 May 2024. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  20. Meteorology, corporateName=Bureau of. "Tropical Cyclones". bom.gov.au. Retrieved 9 August 2017.
  21. "17S.Lua Best Track" (txt). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  22. Tropical Cyclone Warning Center Perth (17 March 2012). "Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin, 2109z 17/03/2012". Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 22 May 2024. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  23. Tropical Cyclone Warning Center Perth (14 March 2012). "Tropical Cyclone Advice Number 1". Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 26 July 2009. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  24. Tropical Cyclone Warning Center Perth (15 March 2012). "Tropical Cyclone Advice Number 6". Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 26 July 2009. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  25. Tropical Cyclone Warning Center Perth (17 March 2012). "Tropical Cyclone Advice Number 26". Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 26 July 2009. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  26. 1 2 3 "Pilbara residents brace for cyclone Lua". NewsComAu. 16 March 2012. Archived from the original on 17 March 2012. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  27. "Northwest Australia takes measures to face cyclone". The Taipei Times. Reuters. 18 March 2012. Retrieved 23 November 2013.
  28. Rania Spooner (16 March 2012). "Pilbara miners brace for Cyclone Lua". WA News. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  29. 1 2 3 Rania Spooner (16 March 2012). "Cyclone Lua gains strength as it nears WA coast". WA News. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  30. 1 2 Joe Schneider (17 March 2012). "Cyclone Lua Batters Western Australian Mining Region". Bloomberg Businessweek. Archived from the original on 17 March 2012. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  31. Daisy Tseng (18 March 2012). "Iron ore shipping resumes as Port Hedland avoids big hit from cyclone". Metal Bulletin.(subscription required)
  32. Rania Spooner and Peter Ker (20 March 2012). "Mining recovers after cyclone hit". The Melbourne Age.(subscription required)
  33. Ginger Ding (9 April 2012). "Iron ore from Port Hedland to China drops in March". Metal Bulletin.(subscription required)
  34. Jennifer Fry (18 March 2012). "Tropical Cyclone Lua passes Marble Bar and Nullagine and continues towards the Mid-West". Horizon Power. Archived from the original on 13 February 2014. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  35. "Pilbara on alert for Cyclone Lua". Sunshine Coast Sunday. Australian Associated Press. 18 March 2012.(subscription required)
  36. "The Pilbara braces as Cyclone Lua approaches". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 16 March 2012. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  37. 1 2 3 Cortlan Bennett (18 March 2012). "WA:Little damage from scary Cyclone Lua". Australian Associated Press.(subscription required)
  38. "Cyclone hammers small WA community". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 18 March 2012.(subscription required)
  39. "Clean up begins after cyclone Lua hits". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 19 March 2012.(subscription required)
  40. "USD (US Dollars) to AUD (Australian Dollars) exchange rate for March 17, 2012". Exchange-rates.org. Retrieved 24 November 2013.
  41. 1 2 "Cyclone Lua's fury also brings welcome rains". The Western Australia Countryman. 22 March 2012.(subscription required)
  42. Yasmine Phillips (18 March 2012). "Lua Lashes Coast". The Sunday Times.(subscription required)
  43. "Seeding begins in WA". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 3 April 2012.(subscription required)
  44. Attorney-General for Australia, Nicola Roxon (24 March 2012). "Tropical Cyclone Lua- Affected Western Australia Communities To Receive Disaster Assistance Under Natural Disaster Relief and Recovery Arrangements". Australian Government News.(subscription required)
  45. Department of Fire and Emergency Services. "2011/12 Wandrra Eligible Disaster Proclamation Notification: Tropical Cyclone Lua and Associated Flooding (17 March 2012)" (PDF). Government of Western Australia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 April 2013. Retrieved 24 November 2013.
  46. "Tropical Cyclone Operation Plan for the South Pacific and South-East Indian Ocean" (PDF). World Meteorological Organization. 2012. Retrieved 24 November 2013.
Severe Tropical Cyclone Lua
Lua Mar 17 2012 0220Z.jpg
Cyclone Lua near landfall on 17 March