Cyclopia (plant)

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Cyclopia
Cyclopia meyeriana KirstenboshBotGard09292010A.jpg
Cyclopia meyeriana
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Faboideae
Tribe: Podalyrieae
Genus: Cyclopia
Vent. [1]
Sections and species

See text

Cyclopia distribution.svg
Cyclopia is endemic to South Africa.
Synonyms [2]
  • IbbetsoniaSims

Cyclopia, the honeybush, or heuningbos in Afrikaans, is a genus of some 20 species of flowering plants in the legume family Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae. Species of the genus are native to the southern and southwestern Cape Provinces of South Africa. [3]

Contents

Its description was published by the French botanist Étienne Pierre Ventenat in 1808. The name Ibbetsonia, published two years later, is regarded as a synonym of this genus; [4] John Sims had commemorated the physiologist Agnes Ibbetson with this name. [4]

Cultivation and use

The leaves of honeybush are commonly used to make herbal teas. It grows only in small areas in the southwest and southeast of South Africa and has many similarities with rooibos. Honeybush and rooibos are considered types of red tea.

Honeybush is so named because the flowers smell of honey. The taste of honeybush tea is similar to that of rooibos but a little sweeter. In some rural districts, it used to be common practice to keep a kettle of honeybush tea infusing on the stove ready for drinking while scenting the whole house—unlike tea prepared from Camellia sinensis , the product does not turn bitter with long-term simmering.

There are dozens of species of honeybush tea found in the wild, of which about four or five are in widespread home or commercial use. These are: [5] [6] [7]

Some species can be cultivated whereas others have resisted all attempts at cultivation and must be harvested in the wild. It is not always easy to discover what the seeds need to enable them to germinate; some kinds bear elaiosomes and might be dependent on the services of particular ants or birds. Cyclopia intermedia (mountain tea) is one of the teas that is harvested in the Kouga mountains where it grows naturally. Mountain tea regenerates within three years after harvesting or devastation by fire; consequently less than one third of the mountain yield is available for harvesting each year by rotation. [9]

Mountain tea and valley tea flower in September/October whereas coastal tea flowers in May/June. [10]

Tea preparation

There are two methods of processing honeybush for use in tea. In the traditional method, the leaves of the bush are harvested, cut and bruised (often with mechanical rollers), and then left in the sun to oxidise. The modern, industrialised process oxidises the leaves in rotating, heated tanks at temperatures of 70–90 °C for two to three days. The leaves are then air-dried.

Afterwards, the leaves are sifted and graded according to the application:

Chemistry

Honeybush is low in tannin (0.45%). Some of the bioactive compounds present in honeybush include: [11] [12]

Species

Cyclopia comprises the following species: [2] [13] [14]

Section Aequalis

Cyclopia genistoides Cyclopia genistoides Taub104c.png
Cyclopia genistoides

Section Cyclopia

Section Marsupium

Section Praegnans

Section Truncatae

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References

  1. ↑ "Cyclopia". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens . Retrieved 14 October 2010.
  2. 1 2 Schutte AL (1997). "Systematics of the genus Cyclopia Vent". Edinburgh J Bot . 54 (2): 125–170. doi: 10.1017/S0960428600004005 .
  3. ↑ Cyclopia Vent. Plants of the World Online . Retrieved 16 August 2023.
  4. 1 2 Boulger, George Simonds (1891). "Ibbetson, Agnes"  . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography . Vol. 28. London: Smith, Elder & Co. Ibbetsonia, Curtis's Botanical Magazine (t. 1259, 1810)
  5. ↑ "Agricultural Research Council—Botanical information". arc.agric.za. Archived from the original on 22 February 2012. Retrieved 16 September 2012.
  6. ↑ Kamara, B. Irene; Brand, D. Jacobus; Brandt, E. Vincent; Joubert, Elizabeth (August 2004). "Phenolic Metabolites from Honeybush Tea (Cyclopia subternata)". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 52 (17): 5391–5395. doi:10.1021/jf040097z. PMID   15315375. INIST:16036960.
  7. ↑ "Agri-Probe" (PDF). www.elsenburg.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 February 2012. Retrieved 16 September 2012.
  8. ↑ "Cyclopia longifolia - Useful Temperate Plants". temperate.theferns.info. Retrieved 14 September 2021.
  9. ↑ Archived October 3, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
  10. ↑ "Honeybush Tea—Organic Honeybush Tea is caffeine free". www.montegotea.com. Retrieved 16 September 2012.
  11. ↑ de Beer D, Jerz G, Joubert E, Wray V, Winterhalter P (2009). "Isolation of isomangiferin from honeybush (Cyclopia subternata) using high-speed counter-current chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography". J Chromatogr A . 1216 (19): 4282–9. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2009.02.056. hdl: 10033/71233 . PMID   19272608.
  12. ↑ Kokotkiewicz A, Luczkiewicz M (2009). "Honeybush (Cyclopia sp.)—a rich source of compounds with high antimutagenic properties". Fitoterapia . 80 (1): 3–11. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2008.11.001. PMID   19032980.
  13. ↑ "ILDIS LegumeWeb entry for Cyclopia". International Legume Database & Information Service. Cardiff School of Computer Science & Informatics. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
  14. ↑ USDA; ARS; National Genetic Resources Program. "GRIN species records of Cyclopia". Germplasm Resources Information Network—(GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
  15. ↑ "Cyclopia falcata (Harv.) Kies — the Plant List".
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