| Dicranolasmatidae | |
|---|---|
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| Dicranolasma soerensenii | |
| Scientific classification | |
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| Family: | Dicranolasmatidae Simon, 1879 |
| Genus: | Dicranolasma Sørensen, 1873 |
| Type species | |
| Opilio scaber Herbst, 1799 | |
| Diversity | |
| 1 genus, 16 species | |
| Synonyms | |
Dicranalasma (misspelling) | |
The Dicranolasmatidae are a family of harvestmen with 16 described species in a single genus, Dicranolasma.
Species of Dicranolasma range in body length from three to 6.4 mm. Most parts of the body are encrusted with soil particles. The anterior region features a large headlike "hood" with the eyes in center, which consists of two curved processes. The chelicerae and pedipalps are both hidden under the hood in adults and about half as long as the body. The legs are short. Immature forms are quite different from adults. The immature form of D. opilionoides was even described as a different genus (Amopaum). The hood develops only gradually, so in young Dicranolasma the relatively longer pedipalps are carried outside the hood. [1]
Dicranolasmatidae occur mainly in the Mediterranean region northward to the southern Alps, the Carpathians, eastward to the Caucasus and Iraq, the Levant and southward to western North Africa. [1]
The Dicranolasmatidae are closely related to the Trogulidae and Nemastomatidae, with Trogulus probably sister to Dicranolasma. [1]
The genus consists of five species groups: [2] [3]
The genus name Dicranolasma is a combination of Ancient Greek di "two", kranion "head", and elasma "plate", referring to the distinctive bifurcated hood of the genus. [1]
The 16 recognized species of Dicranolasma are listed here, along with their type locality: [4]
Wolf spiders are members of the family Lycosidae. They are robust and agile hunters with excellent eyesight. They live mostly in solitude, hunt alone, and usually do not spin webs. Some are opportunistic hunters, pouncing upon prey as they find it or chasing it over short distances; others wait for passing prey in or near the mouth of a burrow.
Xysticus is a genus of ground crab spiders described by C. L. Koch in 1835, belonging to the order Araneae, family Thomisidae. The genus name is derived from the Ancient Greek root xyst, meaning "scraped, scraper".
Salticus is a genus of the family Salticidae. Salticus is the type genus for the family Salticidae.
Alopecosa is a spider genus in the family Lycosidae, with about 160 species. They have a largely Eurasian distribution, although some species are found in North Africa and North America.
Enoplognatha is a genus of comb-footed spiders that was first described by P. Pavesi in 1880. They have both a large colulus and a subspherical abdomen. Males usually have enlarged chelicerae. It is considered a senior synonym of Symopagia.
Dyspnoi is a suborder of harvestmen, currently comprising 43 extant genera and 356 extant species, although more species are expected to be described in the future. The eight families are currently grouped into three superfamilies: the Acropsopilionoidea, Ischyropsalidioidea, and Troguloidea.
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Trogulidae is a family of harvestmen with 5 genera and 57 extant species and one fossil species.
Nipponopsalididae is a family of harvestmen with three described species in one genus, Nipponopsalis, which is found in East Asia.
The Nemastomatidae are a family of harvestmen with about 170 described species in 16 recent genera. Several fossil species and genera are known.
Sandokanidae is a family of harvestmen in the suborder Laniatores, formerly referred to as Oncopodidae
Tarantulas comprise a group of large and often hairy spiders of the family Theraphosidae. As of August 2022, 1,040 species have been identified, with 156 genera. The term "tarantula" is usually used to describe members of the family Theraphosidae, although many other members of the same infraorder (Mygalomorphae) are commonly referred to as "tarantulas" or "false tarantulas". Some of the more common species have become popular in the exotic pet trade. Many New World species kept as pets have setae known as urticating hairs that can cause irritation to the skin, and in extreme cases, cause damage to the eyes.
Microctenonyx is a genus of dwarf spiders that was first described by Friedrich Dahl in 1886.
Bassaniodes is a genus of crab spiders that was first described by Reginald Innes Pocock in 1903.
Metaphalangium cirtanum is a species of harvestman belonging to the family Phalangiidae.
Ischyropsalis is a genus of harvestmen in the family Ischyropsalididae, found in Europe. There are more than 20 described species in Ischyropsalis.
Nemastomatinae is a subfamily of harvestmen with 123 described species in 18 genera.