Durand Cup

Durand Cup

Organising body	Durand Football Tournament Society AIFF
Founded	1888;137 years ago (1888) [1]
Region	India
Number of teams	24
Current champions	NorthEast United (1st title)
Most successful team(s)	Mohun Bagan (17 titles)
Television broadcasters	Sony Sports SonyLIV (online streaming)
Motto	A Saga of Enduring Glory Many Champions. One Legacy. The quest for a lasting legacy
Website	Official website DFTS website
2024 Durand Cup

The Durand Cup (also called the IndianOil Durand Cup Powered by Coal India Limited for sponsorship reasons) is an annual domestic football competition in India which was first held in 1888 in Annadale, ^[2] Shimla, Himachal Pradesh. ^{[3] [4]} Hosted by the Durand Football Tournament Society (DFTS) and the All India Football Federation (AIFF), it is the oldest existing club football tournament in Asia and the fifth oldest ^[a] national football competition in the world. ^{[5] [6] [7]} The tournament currently serves as the curtain raiser for every Indian football season. It is open for any national club, with guest invitee teams from different sections of the Indian Armed Forces, keeping the century long tradition intact. ^{[8] [9] [10]}

Since the inception of the Federation Cup, it became merely an exhibition tournament with invitational participations. However, from 2022 all the Indian Super League and majority of the I-League clubs participate. The tournament indicates the beginning of an Indian football season across all divisions. Currently the premier domestic cup status and the AFC Champions League Two spot belongs to the AIFF Super Cup. ^{[11] [12]}

The tournament is named after its founder Henry Mortimer Durand, the foreign secretary of the British Raj from 1884 to 1894. It first began as a football tournament for different departments and regiments of the armed forces of India and the princely states. ^[13] Since the independence, the army's presence is maintained by the participation of different regiments as guest invitees. ^[14] Army Green became the latest army team to win the competition in 2016. ^[15]

History

Foundation

Henry Mortimer Durand

The Durand Football Tournament was started by Henry Mortimer Durand in 1888. ^{[16] [17]} Sir Henry was recuperating from illness in Shimla in North India. Having become conscious of the value of sport as a means to maintain health, he decided to present a prize to encourage sporting competition in India. In 1940, the venue of the tournament was shifted to New Delhi. ^[16]

British Raj era

The Durand tournament was initially a military affair, open to the British Armed Forces, the Indian Army and other armed units such as provincial frontier-security regiments and the volunteer regiments of the reserves. ^[18] In practice, however, the native soldiers traditionally preferred field hockey to football, a fact which has been evident from the Indian and Pakistani dominance of that sport in international events such as the Olympics. The exception to this tradition were the Nepali men of the brigades of Gurkhas. Initially, this tended to leave the field open to the Indian Army until football's popularity took hold and it became the more universal sport it is today.^{[ citation needed ]}

The matches were played in Dagshai, near Shimla, with the inaugural final becoming a Scottish affair, where the first name on the trophy been inscribed was the Royal Scots Fusiliers, who beat the Highland Light Infantry by 2–1. ^{[19] [20]} In 1940 the tournament was relocated to the capital city of New Delhi and, with most military units dispatched in World War II, the tournament was opened to civilian teams so as to maintain the level of competition, wherein Mohammedan became the first civilian team to win the tournament at the Irwin Amphitheater. ^[21] The tournament would get suspended due to the war, which would soon be followed by the Indian independence movement leading to the partition of India. ^[22]

Post-independence

Following the turmoil of in 1947, the Durand Cup was accidentally discovered in the office of Commander-in-Chief Sir Claude Auchinleck and efforts were made in order to shift the tournament to the newly formed Pakistan, but was strongly resisted by the Defence Secretary H.M. Patel, who acquired and stored it in the State Bank of India, ensuring that the Durand Cup remains a part of Indian football. ^[23] Since then the tournament is hosted by the Durand Football Tournament Society, a registered society at Delhi, presided by the Chief of Defence Staff and chaired by the three Service Chiefs of Indian Armed Forces. ^{[16] [24]} At the first edition of the tournament since the independence of India, Hyderabad City Police defeated Mohun Bagan by 1–0 in the replayed final. For the next ten years, the trophy would go on to swap hands frequently among East Bengal FC, Mohun Bagan, Madras Regimental Centre and Hyderabad City Police, who played as Andhra Pradesh Police after 1960. After a year of halt due to Sino-Indian War, the tournament would get dominated by Mohun Bagan and East Bengal, with Border Security Force and JCT FC challenging their dominant run at times. ^[9] In 1997, FC Kochin became the first South Indian club to get their hands on the Durand Cup. ^{[25] [26]}

Salgaocar FC (in green) and BSF (in red) players along with the match officials and Chief of the Army Staff Gen. Deepak Kapoor, prior to their Durand Cup match at the Ambedkar Stadium in 2008.

Mahindra United FC won the first title of the 3rd millennium and their second time, following its 1998 win. ^[27] In 2006, Osian's became the first civilian organisation to co-host the Durand Cup on a 5-year deal with DFTS until 2010, in order to develop the tournament and revive the interest in the game. ^{[28] [29]} In the following years however, clubs from Goa produced a run of winning form with clubs like Salgaocar FC, Sporting Clube de Goa, Dempo SC and Churchill Brothers FC Goa. ^{[30] [31] [32]} Churchill Brothers FC Goa won the tournament thrice in 2007, 2009 and 2011, and narrowly missed a hat-trick, as runners-up in 2008. ^{[33] [34] [35]} Since 2000, only twice the tournament was won by the Indian Armed Force teams – Army XI in 2005 and Army Green in 2016. ^{[30] [36]} In 2013, Mohammedan SC would win the tournament for the second time after 73 years and for the first time since the independence of India. Due to lack of adequate response in New Delhi, the following year Durand Cup was relocated to Goa, under the instructions of Minister of Defence Manohar Parrikar. ^[37] The significance of the tournament had dissipated with time but the Indian Armed Forces kept the Durand Tournament tradition alive for decades. The tournament had been scrapped-off from the Indian football calendar a number of times without any significant reason, for instance in the years 2015, 2017 and 2018. ^[38]

FC Goa (in black) and Mohammedan SC (in white) lined up during the 2021 Durand Cup Final at Vivekananda Yuba Bharati Krirangan.

In 2019, the tournament was jointly organised by the Armed Forces and the Government of West Bengal, thus relocated to West Bengal in favour for higher attendance figures. In that edition, Gokulam Kerala FC became the second football club from Kerala to win the tournament. ^[25] In 2020, the tournament was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. ^{[39] [40]} In 2021, the Armed Forces decided to host the tournament in West Bengal, jointly with the Government of West Bengal, till 2025. ^[41] As the significance of the tournament depraved, usually the participating Indian Super League (ISL) clubs would field their respective reserve squads, in order to focus on the more important league games. However, at 130th edition of the tournament, organisers took an effort to revive the legacy and most clubs decided to field full-strength squads. FC Goa became fourth Goan club to win the tournament by defeating Mohammedan SC. ^[42] The following year, AIFF decided to make Durand Cup a mandatory tournament for all ISL clubs to participate since a club must play at least 27 domestic games to be eligible for AFC competitions, therefore AFC for the first time recognised Durand Cup as one of the cup tournaments of India. Hence, in the 131st edition, for the first time, all the clubs of ISL participated in the tournament along with five invited clubs from I-League and the usual four armed force teams. ^[43] Due to expansion of the competition, the matches were hosted at more than one venue, alongside Kolkata, which was unprecedented till then. ^[44]

Competition format

While there is no record of the competition's format in its earlier days, currently the Durand Cup is played in two phases: round-robin and knockouts. ^[45]

A total of 24 teams feature in the group stage round. ^[46] Each team is allowed to have a maximum of 30 players to complete their rosters.

After the round-robin schedule, top teams from each group would progress into the knockout stage, which culminates with 2 teams facing each other in the finals. ^[47]

Trophies

Unlike any other competition around the world winning team is presented with three trophies: ^[48]

• Durand Cup (Nicknamed The Masterpiece): the original tournament trophy which became a rolling trophy since 1965. ^[49]
• Shimla Trophy (Nicknamed The Artistry): donated by the residents of Shimla in 1904 to show their passion and support for the tournament, the trophy began to be awarded in rolling since 1965. ^[50]
• President's Cup (Nicknamed The Pride): a rolling trophy that replaced the Viceroy's Trophy post-independence by the President of India Dr. Rajendra Prasad. ^[51]

Finals

Results

Pre-independence era (1888–1949)

Year	Winners	Score	Runners-up	Ref.
1888	Royal Scots Fusiliers	2–1	Highland Light Infantry	[52] [53] [54]
1889	Highland Light Infantry	8–1	Shimla Rifles (2nd Punjab Volunteer Rifle Corps)
1890	Highland Light Infantry (2)	0–0 ( a.e.t. ) 4–2	Royal Irish Fusiliers
1891	King's Own Scottish Borderers	2–1	East Lancashire Regiment
1892	King's Own Scottish Borderers (2)	3–0	Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders
1893	Highland Light Infantry (3)	2–1	Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders
1894	Highland Light Infantry (4)	1–0	Royal Scots Fusiliers
1895	Highland Light Infantry (5)	1–0	Somerset Light Infantry
1896	Somerset Light Infantry	6–1	Black Watch
1897	Black Watch	0–0 ( a.e.t. ) 4–0	Shimla Rifles (2nd Punjab Volunteer Rifle Corps)
1898	Black Watch (2)	2–0	North Staffordshire Regiment
1899	Black Watch (3)	2–0	Yorkshire Regiment
1900	South Wales Borderers	2–0	East Lancashire Regiment
1901	South Wales Borderers (2)	2–1	South Staffordshire Regiment
1902	Hampshire Regiment	2–1	East Lancashire Regiment
1903	Royal Irish Rifles	1–0	Queen's Regiment
1904	North Staffordshire Regiment	2–0	Black Watch
1905	Royal Dragoons	1–0	Dorset Regiment
1906	Cameronians (Scottish Rifles)	3–0	Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Regiment
1907	Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) (2)	1–0 ( a.e.t. )	Royal Welch Fusiliers
1908	Lancashire Fusiliers	2–0	Royal Irish Rifles
1909	Lancashire Fusiliers (2)	2–1	King's Regiment
1910	Royal Scots	1–0	King's Royal Rifle Corps
1911	Black Watch (4)	0–0 ( a.e.t. ) 1–0	Lancashire Fusiliers
1912	Royal Scots (2)	1–0	Lancashire Fusiliers
1913	Lancashire Fusiliers (3)	1–0	King's Royal Rifle Corps
1914–19	Tournament not held, due to World War I			[53]
1920	Black Watch (5)	2–1	Cameronians (Scottish Rifles)	[52] [53]
1921	Worcestershire Regiment	1–0	Royal Fusiliers
1922	Lancashire Fusiliers (4)	1–0	Royal Field Artillery
1923	Cheshire Regiment	1–0	Essex Regiment
1924	Worcestershire Regiment (2)	1–1 ( a.e.t. ) 2–0	Essex Regiment
1925	Sherwood Foresters	3–1	Worcestershire Regiment
1926	Durham Light Infantry	1–0	Sherwood Foresters
1927	York and Lancaster Regiment	2–0	Eastern Railway
1928	Sherwood Foresters (2)	4–2	York and Lancaster Regiment
1929	York and Lancaster Regiment (2)	3–1	East Yorkshire Regiment
1930	York and Lancaster Regiment (3)	2–0	Royal Leicestershire Regiment
1931	Devonshire Regiment	0–0 ( a.e.t. ) 3–1	Border Regiment
1932	King's Shropshire Light Infantry	2–1	Devonshire Regiment
1933	King's Shropshire Light Infantry (2)	2–1	Royal Leicestershire Regiment
1934	Royal Corps of Signals	3–1	Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders
1935	Border Regiment	1–0	Royal Norfolk Regiment
1936	Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders	2–1	Green Howards
1937	Border Regiment (2)	3–1	Royal Scots
1938	South Wales Borderers (3)	1–0	Northwestern Railway Loco SC (Lahore)
1939	Tournament not held, due to World War II			[53]
1940	Mohammedan	2–1	Royal Warwickshire Regiment	[55] [56]
1941–49	Tournament not held, due to World War II & the Partition of India			[53]

Post-independence era (1950–present)

Year	Winners	Score	Runners-up	Ref.
1950	Hyderabad City Police	2–2 ( a.e.t. ) 1–0 ( a.e.t. )	Mohun Bagan	[57]
1951	East Bengal	1–1 ( a.e.t. ) 2–1	Rajasthan Armed Constabulary	[58]
1952	East Bengal (2)	1–0	Hyderabad City Police	[59]
1953	Mohun Bagan	4–0	National Defence Academy	[60]
1954	Hyderabad City Police (2)	1–1 ( a.e.t. ) 1–0	Hindustan Aircraft Limited	[61]
1955	Madras Regimental Centre	0–0 ( a.e.t. ) 0–0 ( a.e.t. ) 3–2	Indian Air Force	[52] [62]
1956	East Bengal (3)	2–0	Hyderabad City Police	[52]
1957	Hyderabad City Police (3)	2–1	East Bengal	[52]
1958	Madras Regimental Centre (2)	1–1 ( a.e.t. ) 2–0	Gorkha Brigade	[52] [62]
1959	Mohun Bagan (2)	1–1 ( a.e.t. ) 3–1	Mohammedan	[52]
1960	Mohun Bagan (3) and East Bengal (4)	1–1 ( a.e.t. ) 0–0 ( a.e.t. )	–	[52] [53]
1961	Andhra Pradesh Police (4)	1–0	Mohun Bagan
1962	Tournament not held, due to Sino-Indian War			[63]
1963	Mohun Bagan (4)	0–0 ( a.e.t. ) 2–0	Andhra Pradesh Police	[52] [53]
1964	Mohun Bagan (5)	2–0	East Bengal
1965	Mohun Bagan (6)	2–0	Punjab Police
1966	Gorkha Brigade	2–0	Sikh Regimental Centre
1967	East Bengal (5)	1–0	Bengal Nagpur Railway
1968	Border Security Force	1–0	East Bengal
1969	Gorkha Brigade (2)	1–0	Border Security Force
1970	East Bengal (6)	2–0	Mohun Bagan
1971	Border Security Force (2)	0–0 ( a.e.t. ) 1–0	Leaders Club
1972	East Bengal (7)	0–0 ( a.e.t. ) 1–0	Mohun Bagan
1973	Border Security Force (3)	2–1	Rajasthan Armed Constabulary
1974	Mohun Bagan (7)	3–2	JCT
1975	Border Security Force (4)	1–0	JCT
1976	Border Security Force (5) and JCT	1–1 ( a.e.t. ) 0–0 ( a.e.t. )	–
1977	Mohun Bagan (8)	1–1 ( a.e.t. ) 2–1	JCT
1978	East Bengal (8)	3–0	Mohun Bagan
1979	Mohun Bagan (9)	1–0	Punjab Police
1980	Mohun Bagan (10)	1–0	Mohammedan
1981	Border Security Force (6)	1–0	JCT
1982	Mohun Bagan (11) and East Bengal (9)	0–0 ( a.e.t. )	–
1983	JCT (2)	1–1 ( a.e.t. ) 2–1	Mohun Bagan	[64]
1984	Mohun Bagan (12)	1–0	East Bengal	[52] [53]
1985	Mohun Bagan (13)	0–0 ( a.e.t. )(3–2 p)	JCT
1986	Mohun Bagan (14)	1–0	East Bengal
1987	JCT (3)	1–0	Mohun Bagan
1988	Border Security Force (7)	3–2	East Bengal
1989	East Bengal (10)	0–0 ( a.e.t. )(3–1 p)	Mohun Bagan
1990	East Bengal (11)	3–2	Mahindra & Mahindra
1991	East Bengal (12)	1–1 ( a.e.t. )(5–3 p)	Border Security Force
1992	JCT (4)	1–0	Mohammedan
1993	East Bengal (13)	1–0	Punjab State Electricity Board
1994	Mohun Bagan (15)	1–0	East Bengal	[65]
1995	East Bengal (14)	0–0 ( a.e.t. )(4–3 p)	Tata Football Academy	[52] [53]
1996	JCT (5)	1–0	Al-Naft
1997	Kochin	3–1	Mohun Bagan	[26]
1998	Mahindra & Mahindra	2–1	East Bengal	[52] [53]
1999	Salgaocar	0–0 ( a.e.t. )(3–2 p)	East Bengal
2000	Mohun Bagan (16)	1–1 (golden goal)	Mahindra United	[66]
2001	Mahindra United (2)	5–0	Churchill Brothers	[67]
2002	East Bengal (15)	3–0	Army XI	[68]
2003	Salgaocar (2)	1–1 ( a.e.t. )(4–3 p)	East Bengal	[69]
2004	East Bengal (16)	2–1	Mohun Bagan	[70]
2005	Army XI	0–0 ( a.e.t. )(5–4 p)	Sporting Goa	[71]
2006	Dempo	1–0	JCT	[72]
2007	Churchill Brothers	1–0	Mahindra United	[73]
2008	Mahindra United (3)	3–2 ( a.e.t. )	Churchill Brothers	[74]
2009	Churchill Brothers (2)	3–1 ( a.e.t. )	Mohun Bagan	[75]
2010	United	1–0	JCT	[52]
2011	Churchill Brothers (3)	0–0 ( a.e.t. )(5–4 p)	Prayag United	[76]
2012	Air India	0–0 ( a.e.t. )(3–2 p)	Dodsal	[77]
2013	Mohammedan (2)	2–1	ONGC	[78]
2014	Salgaocar (3)	1–0	Pune	[79]
2016	Army Green	0–0 ( a.e.t. )(6–5 p)	NEROCA	[80]
2019	Gokulam Kerala	2–1	Mohun Bagan	[25]
2020	Tournament not held due to COVID-19 pandemic			[81]
2021	Goa	1–0 ( a.e.t. )	Mohammedan	[42]
2022	Bengaluru	2–1	Mumbai City	[82]
2023	Mohun Bagan SG (17)	1–0	East Bengal	[83] [84]
2024	NorthEast United	2–2 (4–3 p)	Mohun Bagan SG	[85]

Performance by team

Team	Champion times	Runners-up times	Last win
Mohun Bagan SG	17	13	2023
East Bengal	16	11	2004
Border Security Force	7	2	1988
JCT	5	7	1996
Black Watch	5	2	1920
Highland Light Infantry	5	1	1895
Hyderabad City Police / Andhra Pradesh Police	4	3	1961
Lancashire Fusiliers	4	2	1922
Mahindra & Mahindra / Mahindra United	3	3	2008
Churchill Brothers	3	2	2011
York and Lancaster Regiment	3	1	1930
Salgaocar	3	0	2014
South Wales Borderers	3	0	1938
Mohammedan	2	4	2013
Gorkha Brigade	2	1	1969
Border Regiment	2	1	1937
Sherwood Foresters	2	1	1928
Worcestershire Regiment	2	1	1924
Royal Scots	2	1	1912
Cameronians (Scottish Rifles)	2	1	1907
Madras Regimental Centre	2	0	1958
King's Shropshire Light Infantry	2	0	1933
King's Own Scottish Borderers	2	0	1892
Argyll & Sutherland Highlanders	1	3	1936
United / Prayag United	1	1	2010
Army XI / Army Red	1	1	2005
Devonshire Regiment	1	1	1931
North Staffordshire Regiment	1	1	1904
Royal Irish Rifles	1	1	1903
Somerset Light Infantry	1	1	1896
Royal Scots Fusiliers	1	1	1888
NorthEast United	1	0	2024
Bengaluru	1	0	2022
Goa	1	0	2021
Gokulam Kerala	1	0	2019
Army Green	1	0	2016
Air India	1	0	2012
Dempo	1	0	2006
Kochin	1	0	1997
Royal Corps of Signals	1	0	1934
Durham Light Infantry	1	0	1926
Cheshire Regiment	1	0	1923
Royal Dragoons	1	0	1905
Hampshire Regiment	1	0	1902

Records

• Most wins: 17,
  • Mohun Bagan SG (1953, 1959, 1960, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1974, 1977, 1979, 1980, 1982, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1994, 2000, 2023) ^[86]
• Most consecutive wins: 3, joint record:
  • Mohun Bagan SG (1963, 1964, 1965 and 1984, 1985, 1986) ^{[87] [88]}
  • East Bengal (1989, 1990, 1991) ^[89]
  • Highland Light Infantry (1893, 1894, 1895) ^{[90] [91]}
  • Black Watch (1897, 1898, 1899)
• Most appearances: 31
  • Mohun Bagan SG (1950, 1953, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1970, 1972, 1974, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1989, 1994, 1997, 2000, 2004, 2009, 2019, 2022, 2023, 2024) ^{[86] [92]}
• Most finals appearances without ever winning: 3
  • East Lancashire Regiment (1880, 1900, 1902) ^[91]
• Most appearances without ever losing: 3, joint record:
  • Salgaocar (1999, 2003, 2014) ^{[93] [79]}
  • South Wales Borderers (1900, 1901, 1938) ^[94]
• Biggest final win:
  • Highland Light Infantry 8–1 Shimla Rifles (2nd Punjab Volunteer Rifle Corps) (1889) ^[95]
• Highest scoring final: 9:
  • Highland Light Infantry 8–1 Shimla Rifles (2nd Punjab Volunteer Rifle Corps) (1889) ^[95]

See also

• List of football clubs in India
• Indian football league system
• Football in India
• IFA Shield
• Bordoloi Trophy
• I-League 2
• I-League 3
• State leagues
• Institutional League

Notes

1. There are numerous claims in the list of oldest football competitions, listed as per national cup competitions, following the FA Cup (1871), the Scottish Cup (1874), the Welsh Cup (1877) and the Irish Cup (1881).

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External links

• List of past winners and runners up
• List of Durand Cup Finals at RSSSF