Elbasvir

Last updated
Elbasvir
Elbasvir.svg
Clinical data
Trade names Zepatier (combination with grazoprevir)
Other namesMK-8742
License data
Routes of
administration
Oral
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
  • In general: ℞ (Prescription only)
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding >99.9%
Metabolism CYP3A4
Elimination half-life 24 hours
Excretion >90% via faeces, <1% via urine
Identifiers
  • Dimethyl N,N’-([(6S)-6H-indolo[1,2-c] [1,3]benzoxazine-3,10-diyl]bis{1H-imidazole-5,2-diyl-(2S)-pyrrolidine-2,1-diyl[(2S)-1-oxo-3-methylbutane-1,2-diyl]})biscarbamate
CAS Number
PubChem CID
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard 100.234.242 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
Chemical and physical data
Formula C49H55N9O7
Molar mass 882.035 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1c2[nH]cc(n2)c3ccc4c(c3)cc-5n4[C@@H](Oc6c5ccc(c6)c7c[nH]c(n7)[C@@H]8CCCN8C(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)OC)c9ccccc9)NC(=O)OC
  • InChI=1S/C49H55N9O7/c1-27(2)41(54-48(61)63-5)45(59)56-20-10-14-37(56)43-50-25-34(52-43)30-17-19-36-32(22-30)23-39-33-18-16-31(24-40(33)65-47(58(36)39)29-12-8-7-9-13-29)35-26-51-44(53-35)38-15-11-21-57(38)46(60)42(28(3)4)55-49(62)64-6/h7-9,12-13,16-19,22-28,37-38,41-42,47H,10-11,14-15,20-21H2,1-6H3,(H,50,52)(H,51,53)(H,54,61)(H,55,62)/t37-,38-,41-,42-,47-/m0/s1
  • Key:BVAZQCUMNICBAQ-PZHYSIFUSA-N

Elbasvir is a drug approved by the FDA in January 2016 [1] for the treatment of hepatitis C. It was developed by Merck and completed Phase III trials, used in combination with the NS3/4A protease inhibitor grazoprevir under the trade name Zepatier , either with or without ribavirin. [2]

Contents

Elbasvir is a highly potent and selective NS5A inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus NS5A replication complex. [3] It has only been investigated as a combination product with other complementary hepatitis C antiviral drugs such as grazoprevir and MK-3682, and it is unclear whether elbasvir would show robust antiviral activity if it was administered by itself. Nevertheless, combination products of this type represent the most successful approach yet developed for actually curing hepatitis C, rather than merely slowing the progression of the disease. [4]

Side effects

Side effects have only been assessed in the combination with grazoprevir; see Elbasvir/grazoprevir#Side effects.[ citation needed ]

Interactions

Elbasvir is degraded by the liver enzyme CYP3A4. Combination with drugs that induce this enzyme, such as efavirenz, carbamazepine or St. John's wort, can lead to ineffectively low plasma levels of elbasvir. Combination with CYP3A4 inhibitors may increase plasma levels. [5]

Pharmacology

Mechanism of action

The substance blocks NS5A, a protein necessary for hepatitis C virus replication and assembly. [5]

Pharmacokinetics

Elbasvir reaches peak plasma concentrations three hours after oral intake together with grazoprevir (variation between patients: three to six hours). In hepatitis C patients, steady state concentrations are found after about six days. Plasma protein binding is over 99.9%, mainly to albumin and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein. Part of the substance is oxidised in the liver, largely by the enzyme CYP3A4. The biological half-life is 24 hours on average. Over 90% are excreted via the faeces, and less than 1% via the urine. [5] [6]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hepatitis C</span> Human viral infection

Hepatitis C is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) that primarily affects the liver; it is a type of viral hepatitis. During the initial infection people often have mild or no symptoms. Occasionally a fever, dark urine, abdominal pain, and yellow tinged skin occurs. The virus persists in the liver in about 75% to 85% of those initially infected. Early on, chronic infection typically has no symptoms. Over many years however, it often leads to liver disease and occasionally cirrhosis. In some cases, those with cirrhosis will develop serious complications such as liver failure, liver cancer, or dilated blood vessels in the esophagus and stomach.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boceprevir</span> Chemical compound

Boceprevir is a protease inhibitor used to treat hepatitis caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1. It binds to the HCV nonstructural protein 3 active site.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Telaprevir</span>

Telaprevir (VX-950), marketed under the brand names Incivek and Incivo, is a pharmaceutical drug for the treatment of hepatitis C co-developed by Vertex Pharmaceuticals and Johnson & Johnson. It is a member of a class of antiviral drugs known as protease inhibitors. Specifically, telaprevir inhibits the hepatitis C viral enzyme NS3/4A serine protease. Telaprevir is only indicated for use against hepatitis C genotype 1 viral infections and has not been proven to be safe or effective when used for other genotypes of the virus. The standard therapy of pegylated interferon and ribavirin is less effective than telaprevir in those with genotype 1.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sofosbuvir</span> Chemical compound

Sofosbuvir, sold under the brand name Sovaldi among others, is a medication used to treat hepatitis C. It is taken by mouth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Daclatasvir</span> Chemical compound

Daclatasvir, sold under the brand name Daklinza, is an antiviral medication used in combination with other medications to treat hepatitis C (HCV). The other medications used in combination include sofosbuvir, ribavirin, and interferon, vary depending on the virus type and whether the person has cirrhosis. It is taken by mouth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Simeprevir</span> Chemical compound

Simeprevir, sold under the trade names Olysio among others, is a medication used in combination with other medications for the treatment of hepatitis C. It is specifically used for hepatitis C genotype 1 and 4. Medications it is used with include sofosbuvir or ribavirin and peginterferon-alfa. Cure rates are in 80s to 90s percent. It may be used in those who also have HIV/AIDS. It is taken by mouth once daily for typically 12 weeks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ledipasvir</span> Hepatitis C drug

Ledipasvir is a drug for the treatment of hepatitis C that was developed by Gilead Sciences. After completing Phase III clinical trials, on February 10, 2014, Gilead filed for U.S. approval of a ledipasvir/sofosbuvir fixed-dose combination tablet for genotype 1 hepatitis C. The ledipasvir/sofosbuvir combination is a direct-acting antiviral agent that interferes with HCV replication and can be used to treat patients with genotypes 1a or 1b without PEG-interferon or ribavirin.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Deleobuvir</span> Chemical compound

Deleobuvir was an experimental drug for the treatment of hepatitis C. It was being developed by Boehringer Ingelheim. It is a non-nucleoside hepatitis C virus NS5B polymerase inhibitor. Deleobuvir was tested in combination regimens with pegylated interferon and ribavirin, and in interferon-free regimens with other direct-acting antiviral agents including faldaprevir.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ombitasvir</span> Chemical compound

Ombitasvir is an antiviral drug for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection by AbbVie. In the United States, it is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in combination with paritaprevir, ritonavir and dasabuvir in the product Viekira Pak for the treatment of HCV genotype 1, and with paritaprevir and ritonavir in the product Technivie for the treatment of HCV genotype 4.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dasabuvir</span> Chemical compound

Dasabuvir, sold under the brand name Exviera, is an antiviral medication for the treatment of hepatitis C. It is often used together with the combination medication ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir specifically for hepatitis C virus (HCV) type 1. Ribavirin may also additionally be used. These combinations result in a cure in more than 90% of people. It is taken by mouth.

Ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir, sold under the brand name Technivie among others, is a medication used to treat hepatitis C. It is a fixed-dose combination of ombitasvir, paritaprevir, and ritonavir. Specifically it is used together with dasabuvir or ribavirin for cases caused by hepatitis C virus genotype 1 or 4. Cure rates are around 95%. It is taken by mouth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Beclabuvir</span>

Beclabuvir is an antiviral drug for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection that has been studied in clinical trials. In February 2017, Bristol-Myers Squibb began sponsoring a post-marketing trial of beclabuvir, in combination with asunaprevir and daclatasvir, to study the combination's safety profile with regard to liver function. From February 2014 to November 2016, a phase II clinical trial was conducted on the combination of asunaprevir/daclatasvir/beclabuvir on patients infected with both HIV and HCV. Furthermore, a recent meta-analysis of six published six clinical trials showed high response rates in HCV genotype 1-infected patients treated with daclatasvir, asunaprevir, and beclabuvir irrespective of ribavirin use, prior interferon-based therapy, or restriction on noncirrhotic patients, IL28B genotype, or baseline resistance-associated variants

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grazoprevir</span>

Grazoprevir is a drug approved for the treatment of hepatitis C. It was developed by Merck and completed Phase III trials, used in combination with the NS5A replication complex inhibitor elbasvir under the trade name Zepatier, either with or without ribavirin.

Elbasvir/grazoprevir is a fixed-dose combination for the treatment of hepatitis C, containing elbasvir and grazoprevir. It is used to treat chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes 1 or 4 infection in both treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced patients.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Velpatasvir</span>

Velpatasvir is an NS5A inhibitor which is used together with sofosbuvir in the treatment of hepatitis C infection of all six major genotypes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mericitabine</span> Chemical compound

Mericitabine (RG-7128) is an antiviral drug, a deoxycytidine analog. It was developed as a treatment for hepatitis C, acting as a NS5B RNA polymerase inhibitor, but while it showed a good safety profile in clinical trials, it was not sufficiently effective to be used as a stand-alone agent. However mericitabine has been shown to boost the efficacy of other antiviral drugs when used alongside them, and as most modern treatment regimens for hepatitis C use a combination therapy of several antiviral drugs, clinical trials have continued to see if it can form a part of a clinically useful drug treatment program.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Narlaprevir</span>

Narlaprevir, is an inhibitor of NS3/4A serine protease, intended for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C caused by genotype 1 virus in combination with other antiviral drugs.

Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir, sold under the brand name Epclusa among others, is a fixed-dose combination medication for the treatment of hepatitis C in adults. It combines sofosbuvir and velpatasvir. It is more than 90% effective for hepatitis C genotypes one through six. It also works for hepatitis C in those who also have cirrhosis or HIV/AIDS. It is taken by mouth.

Glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (G/P), sold under the brand names Mavyret and Maviret, is a fixed-dose combination medication used to treat hepatitis C. It contains glecaprevir and pibrentasvir. It works against all six types of hepatitis C. At twelve weeks following treatment between 81% and 100% of people have no evidence of hepatitis C. It is taken once a day by mouth with food.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NS5B inhibitor</span> Class of pharmaceutical drugs

Non-structural protein 5B (NS5B) inhibitors are a class of direct-acting antivirals widely used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Depending on site of action and chemical composition, NS5B inhibitors may be categorized into three classes—nucleoside active site inhibitors (NIs), non-nucleoside allosteric inhibitors, and pyrophosphate analogues. Subsequently, all three classes are then subclassified. All inhibit RNA synthesis by NS5B but at different stages/sites resulting in inability of viral RNA replication. Expression of direct-acting NS5B inhibitors does not take place in cells that are not infected by hepatitis C virus, which seems to be beneficial for this class of drugs.

References

  1. FDA approves Zepatier for treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotypes 1 and 4. January 28, 2016
  2. Lawitz E, Gane E, Pearlman B, Tam E, Ghesquiere W, Guyader D, et al. (March 2015). "Efficacy and safety of 12 weeks versus 18 weeks of treatment with grazoprevir (MK-5172) and elbasvir (MK-8742) with or without ribavirin for hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection in previously untreated patients with cirrhosis and patients with previous null response with or without cirrhosis (C-WORTHY): a randomised, open-label phase 2 trial". Lancet. 385 (9973): 1075–86. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61795-5. PMID   25467591.
  3. Coburn CA, Meinke PT, Chang W, Fandozzi CM, Graham DJ, Hu B, et al. (December 2013). "Discovery of MK-8742: an HCV NS5A inhibitor with broad genotype activity". ChemMedChem. 8 (12): 1930–40. doi:10.1002/cmdc.201300343. PMID   24127258. S2CID   10543092.
  4. Gentile I, Buonomo AR, Zappulo E, Borgia G (July 2014). "Interferon-free therapies for chronic hepatitis C: toward a hepatitis C virus-free world?". Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy. 12 (7): 763–73. doi:10.1586/14787210.2014.929497. PMID   24918116. S2CID   207199323.
  5. 1 2 3 Haberfeld H, ed. (2016). Austria-Codex (in German). Vienna: Österreichischer Apothekerverlag.
  6. FDA Professional Drug Information on Zepatier.