Erigeron annuus | |
---|---|
Flower heads | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Asterids |
Order: | Asterales |
Family: | Asteraceae |
Genus: | Erigeron |
Species: | E. annuus |
Binomial name | |
Erigeron annuus | |
Subspecies [2] | |
| |
Synonyms [2] | |
Basionym
Alphabetical list
|
Erigeron annuus (formerly Aster annuus), the annual fleabane, daisy fleabane, [3] or eastern daisy fleabane, [4] is a species of herbaceous, annual or biennial flowering plant in the family Asteraceae.
Erigeron annuus often grows as an annual but can sometimes grow as a biennial. It is herbaceous with alternate, simple leaves, and green, sparsely hairy stems, which can grow to between 30 and 150 centimeters (about 1 to 5 feet) in height. Leaves are numerous and large relative to other species of Erigeron, with lower leaves, especially basal leaves, coarsely toothed or cleft, a characteristic readily distinguishing this species from most other Erigeron. [3] [4] Upper leaves are sometimes (not always) toothed, but may have a few coarse teeth towards the outer tips. [5] [6]
The flower heads are white with yellow centers, with rays that are white to pale lavender, borne spring through fall depending on the individual plant. [7] Ray florets number 40 to 100. [3]
Erigeron annuus is native to North America and Central America. [2] It is widespread in most of the United States, especially in the eastern part of its range, but occurs only in scattered locations in the western and southernmost parts of its range. [8] It has been introduced to many other places, [9] [10] [11] including Korea, [12] Europe, India, and other areas in Asia. [2]
Erigeron annuus grows well in full through partial sun on sites with ample moisture. It is tolerant of a wide range of soil conditions, including gravel and clay. In hot, dry weather, lower leaves often yellow and wither. [5]
Erigeron annuus is a native pioneer species that often colonizes disturbed areas such as pastures, abandoned fields, vacant lots, roadsides, railways, and waste areas. In these habitats it competes, often successfully, with introduced invasive weeds. [5]
Flowers are pollinated by a variety of bees, including little carpenter bees, cuckoo bees, halictine bees, and masked bees; as well as flies, including syrphid flies, bee flies, tachinid flies, flesh flies, anthomyiid flies, and muscid flies. Wasps, small butterflies, and other insects also visit the flowers to a lesser degree, seeking nectar, as well as a few pollen-feeding beetles. [5]
Schinia lynx (lynx flower moth) caterpillars feed on the flowers and seeds of annual fleabane and other fleabanes, and Lygus lineolaris (tarnished plant bug) sucks the plant juices. Some mammals eat the foliage, flowers and stems, including sheep, groundhogs, and rabbits. [5]
Erigeron is a large genus of plants in the composite family (Asteraceae). It is placed in the tribe Astereae and is closely related to the Old World asters (Aster) and the true daisies (Bellis). The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution, but the highest diversity occurs in North America.
Rudbeckia hirta, commonly called black-eyed Susan, is a North American flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, native to Eastern and Central North America and naturalized in the Western part of the continent as well as in China. It has now been found in all 10 Canadian Provinces and all 48 of the states in the contiguous United States.
Erigeron canadensis is an annual plant native throughout most of North America and Central America. It is also widely naturalized in Eurasia and Australia. Common names include horseweed, Canadian horseweed, Canadian fleabane, coltstail, marestail, and butterweed. It was the first weed to have developed glyphosate resistance, reported in 2001 from Delaware.
Mitella diphylla is a clump forming, open woodland plant native to northeast and midwest regions of North America.
Eutrochium purpureum, commonly known as purple Joe-Pye weed or sweetscented joe pye weed, is an herbaceous perennial plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to eastern and central North America, from Ontario east to New Hampshire and south as far as Florida, Louisiana, and Oklahoma.
Erigeron compositus is an Arctic and alpine species of fleabane in the family Asteraceae. Common names include dwarf mountain fleabane, cutleaf daisy, and trifid mountain fleabane.
Eupatorium altissimum, with the common names tall thoroughwort and tall boneset, is a perennial herbaceous plant in the Asteraceae family with a native range including much of the eastern and central United States and Canada. It is a tall plant found in open woods, prairies, fields, and waste areas, with white flowers that bloom in the late summer and fall.
Erigeron philadelphicus, the Philadelphia fleabane, is a species of flowering plant in the composite family (Asteraceae). Other common names include common fleabane, daisy fleabane, frost-root, marsh fleabane, poor robin's plantain, skervish, and, in the British Isles, robin's-plantain, but all of these names are shared with other species of fleabanes (Erigeron). It is native to North America and has been introduced to Eurasia.
Erigeron cervinus is a North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common names Siskiyou fleabane and Siskiyou daisy.
Erigeron glaucus is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name seaside fleabane, beach aster, or seaside daisy. It is native to the West Coast of the United States.
Erigeron strigosus is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common names prairie fleabane, common eastern fleabane, and daisy fleabane.
Maianthemum stellatum is a species of flowering plant, native across North America. It has been found in northern Mexico, every Canadian province and territory except Nunavut, and from every US state except Hawaii and the states of the Southeast. It has little white buds in the spring, followed by delicate starry flowers, then green-and-black striped berries, and finally deep red berries in the fall.
Symphyotrichum pilosum is a perennial, herbaceous, flowering plant in the Asteraceae family native to central and eastern North America. It is commonly called hairy white oldfield aster, frost aster, white heath aster, heath aster, hairy aster, common old field aster, old field aster, or steelweed. It may reach 20 to 120 centimeters tall, and its flowers have white ray florets and yellow disk florets.
Erigeron pulchellus, the Robin's plantain, blue spring daisy or hairy fleabane, is a North American species of plants in the family Asteraceae. It is widespread across much of the United States and Canada from Québec and Ontario south as far as eastern Texas and the Florida Panhandle.
Erigeron aureus, the Alpine yellow fleabane, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, native to the Cascades and Rocky Mountains of northwestern North America. The specific epithet aureus means "golden yellow".
Erigeron pumilus, the shaggy fleabane, or vernal daisy, is a hairy North American species of perennial plants in the family Asteraceae. It is widespread across much of western Canada and the western United States, from British Columbia east to Saskatchewan and south as far as Oklahoma and the San Bernardino Mountains of California. There have been reports of the plant growing in Yukon Territory, but these were based on misidentified specimens.
Erigeron elatus is a North American species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae known by the common names swamp fleabane and swamp boreal-daisy.
Erigeron ochroleucus is a North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, called the buff fleabane or buff daisy. It is native to western Canada and the western United States from Alaska and Yukon southeast as far as Colorado and Nebraska.
Erigeron speciosus is a widespread North American species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae known by the common names aspen fleabane, garden fleabane, and showy fleabane.
Erigeron subtrinervis, called the three-nerved daisy, the three-nerve fleabane, or the hairy showy daisy, is a North American species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. It grows in various mountains of western Canada and the western United States: Rocky Mountains, northern Cascades, Black Hills, etc., from British Columbia and Washington state east to North Dakota and south as far as New Mexico.