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The birth of the first white child is a concept that marks the establishment of a European colony in the New World, especially in the historiography of the United States.[ citation needed ]
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The birth of the first white child is a concept that marks the establishment of a European colony in the New World, especially in the historiography of the United States.[ citation needed ]
Snorri Thorfinnsson is the first person of European descent believed to have been born in the Americas apart from Greenland. The site of his birth is not known, but scholars believe it may have been at any of Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, Long Island Sound, the Bay of Fundy, or L’Anse aux Meadows. [1]
Jonathan Guy, the son of Newfoundland settler Nicholas Guy, was the first child born to English parents in Canada, and one of the first born in any part of North America within a permanent settlement. He was born on 27 March 1613 in Cuper's Cove, a settlement that has been continuously occupied since 1610 and where his family remained long after his birth. [2] Some accounts of the legendary Sheila NaGeira place her firstborn at Carbonear in the 16th century. [3]
Hélène Desportes is often cited as the first white child born in New France. She was probably born in 1620, to Pierre Desportes and Françoise Langlois, although there is some disagreement about whether she had actually been born in France before her family's arrival in the colony in 1614. Hélène's first cousin Eustache Martin was born in October 1621 in Quebec to Abraham Martin and Marguerite Langlois. [4]
At Port Royal, Acadia in 1636, Pierre Martin and Catherine Vigneau, who had arrived on the passenger ship Saint Jehan along with 78 other migrants, were the first European parents to have a child in Acadia. The first-born child was Mathieu Martin. In part because of this distinction, Mathieu Martin later became the Seigneur of Cobequid (1699). [5]
The first white child in modern Mexico was likely born in the 1520s.[ citation needed ]
Earlier, Gonzalo Guerrero, a sailor from Palos, Spain, is presumed to have reached the New World aboard a Spanish expedition in the late 15th or early 16th century, which was shipwrecked along the Yucatán Peninsula. Around 1511, Guerrero became a war chief for Nachan Kaan, Lord of Chektumal, and married a rich Maya woman, with whom he fathered the first half-European children of Mexico. Guerrero and his wife's three children are widely deemed the first mestizos of the New World. [6] [7] [lower-alpha 1]
Martín de Argüelles, Jr., born in the Spanish colony of St. Augustine, Spanish Florida, was the first child of European descent known to be born in what is now the continental United States. [8] Born in 1566, his father was a hidalgo and one of the expeditioners who went to New Spain (modern Mexico) with Captain General Pedro Menéndez de Avilés in 1565. St. Augustine, Florida, is also the oldest continuously occupied European-founded city anywhere in the United States excluding Puerto Rico. [9]
Virginia Dare, born in 1587 at the Roanoke Colony, was the first child born in North America to English parents, and her memory was celebrated in the British colonies. Virginia Laydon (b. 1609) was the first child in Jamestown, Virginia colony. Peregrine White, born aboard the Mayflower at Provincetown Harbor in 1620, was the first Pilgrim birth. [9]
Sarah Rapelje, born on June 6, 1625, was the first white child born in New Netherland. [10] [11]
The first English-descended child born in Spanish Texas was Helena Dill Berryman, born in 1804 in what is now Nacogdoches County. [12]
The brothers Duarte Coelho de Albuquerque and Jorge de Albuquerque Coelho, born in Olinda, in the then Captaincy of Pernambuco, in 1537 and 1539, sons of the donatary captain, Duarte Coelho, and his wife Brites de Albuquerque, are considered the first white children from Brazil. Even though the discovery of Brazil took place in 1500, the arrival of European women had not yet occurred, and until then Brazil was occupied by white male sailors on ships, who had relationships with indigenous women, such as Caramuru and João Ramalho, who had the possible first mestizos in Brazil in the 1510s.[ citation needed ]
Seebaer van Nieuwelant (born 27 July 1623), son of Willemtgen and Willem Janszoon, was born south of Dirk Hartog Island, in present-day Western Australia. His father, not to be confused with the earlier Dutch explorer of the same name, was a midshipman from Amsterdam. He and his wife were aboard the Leijden, commanded by Claes Hermanszoon, which was charting the coast at the time. Their son's name in Dutch meant "sea-born of new land". [13]
The first European birth in New Zealand was Thomas Holloway King at the Rangihoua Bay settlement on 21 February 1815. [14] [15] The first child born to European parents in Fiji was Augusta Cameron, born 5 December 1835. [16]
The first white child in the Hawaiian Islands was Levi Sartwell Loomis who was born on 16 July 1820 in a grass hut in Honolulu, on the island of Oahu. his parents were Elisha and Mary Sartwell Loomis who were part of the first company of American missionaries which arrived on March 30, 1820, on the Thaddeus from Boston. [17] [18] On November 9, 1820, Sophia Moseley Bingham, Hawaii's first female white child, was born in Honolulu to American missionaries Hiram and Sybil Moseley Bingham. [19]
Nada Burnham (1894–1896), daughter of the celebrated American scout Frederick Russell Burnham, was the first white child born in Bulawayo and died of fever and starvation during the Siege of Bulawayo in the Second Matabele War. [20] [21] She was buried in the Pioneer Cemetery in Bulawayo, Southern Rhodesia. [22]
Hawaii is an island state of the United States, in the Pacific Ocean about 2,000 miles (3,200 km) southwest of the U.S. mainland. It is the only state not on the North American mainland, the only state that is an archipelago, and the only state in the tropics.
The Spanish conquest of Yucatán was the campaign undertaken by the Spanish conquistadores against the Late Postclassic Maya states and polities in the Yucatán Peninsula, a vast limestone plain covering south-eastern Mexico, northern Guatemala, and all of Belize. The Spanish conquest of the Yucatán Peninsula was hindered by its politically fragmented state. The Spanish engaged in a strategy of concentrating native populations in newly founded colonial towns. Native resistance to the new nucleated settlements took the form of the flight into inaccessible regions such as the forest or joining neighbouring Maya groups that had not yet submitted to the Spanish. Among the Maya, ambush was a favoured tactic. Spanish weaponry included broadswords, rapiers, lances, pikes, halberds, crossbows, matchlocks, and light artillery. Maya warriors fought with flint-tipped spears, bows and arrows and stones, and wore padded cotton armour to protect themselves. The Spanish introduced a number of Old World diseases previously unknown in the Americas, initiating devastating plagues that swept through the native populations.
Virginia Dare was the first English child born in an American English colony.
Gerrit Parmele Judd was an American physician and missionary to the Kingdom of Hawaii who later renounced his American citizenship and became a trusted advisor and cabinet minister to King Kamehameha III.
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese for the state of Hawaii in the United States. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of San Francisco.
William Pitt Leleiohoku II, born Kalahoʻolewa, was a prince of the Hawaiian Kingdom and member of the reigning House of Kalākaua.
Matabeleland is a region located in southwestern Zimbabwe that is divided into three provinces: Matabeleland North, Bulawayo, and Matabeleland South. These provinces are in the west and south-west of Zimbabwe, between the Limpopo and Zambezi rivers and are further separated from Midlands by the Shangani River in central Zimbabwe. The region is named after its inhabitants, the Ndebele people who were called "Amatabele"(people with long shields – Mzilikazi 's group of people who were escaping the Mfecani wars). Other ethnic groups who inhabit parts of Matabeleland include the Tonga, Bakalanga, Venda, Nambya, Khoisan, Xhosa, Sotho, Tswana, and Tsonga.
Yucatec Maya is a Mayan language spoken in the Yucatán Peninsula, including part of northern Belize. There is also a significant diasporic community of Yucatec Maya speakers in San Francisco, though most Maya Americans are speakers of other Mayan languages from Guatemala and Chiapas.
Francisco Hernández de Córdoba was a Spanish conquistador, known to history mainly for the ill-fated expedition he led in 1517, in the course of which the first European accounts of the Yucatán Peninsula were compiled.
Cabo Catoche or Cape Catoche, in the Mexican state of Quintana Roo, is the northernmost point on the Yucatán Peninsula. It lies in the municipality of Isla Mujeres, about 53 km (33 mi) north of the city of Cancún. According to the International Hydrographic Organization, it marks the division point between the Caribbean Sea to the east and Gulf of Mexico to the west.
Jerónimo de Aguilar O.F.M. (1489–1531) was a Franciscan friar born in Écija, Spain. Aguilar was sent to Panama to serve as a missionary. He was later shipwrecked on the Yucatán Peninsula in 1511 and captured by the Maya. In 1519 Hernán Cortés rescued Aguilar and engaged him as a translator during the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire.
Gonzalo Guerrero was a sailor from Palos, Spain who was shipwrecked along the Yucatán Peninsula and was taken as a slave by the local Maya. Earning his freedom, Guerrero became a respected warrior under a Maya lord and raised three of the first mestizo children in Mexico and one of the first mestizo children in the Americas, alongside Miguel Díez de Aux and the children of Caramuru and João Ramalho in Brazil. Little is known of his early life.
Martín de Argüelles Jr. (1566–1630) was the first white child known to have been born in what is now the United States. His birthplace of St. Augustine, Florida is the oldest continuously occupied, European-founded city in the United States.
The First Matabele War was fought between 1893 and 1894 in modern-day Zimbabwe. It pitted the British South Africa Company against the Ndebele (Matabele) Kingdom. Lobengula, king of the Ndebele, had tried to avoid outright war with the company's pioneers because he and his advisors were mindful of the destructive power of European-produced weapons on traditional Matabele impis attacking in massed ranks. Lobengula reportedly could muster 80,000 spearmen and 20,000 riflemen, armed with Martini-Henry rifles, which were modern arms at that time. However, poor training may have resulted in the weapons not being used effectively.
The Second Matabele War, also known as the First Chimurenga, was fought in 1896 and 1897 in the region later known as Southern Rhodesia, now modern-day Zimbabwe. It pitted the British South Africa Company against the Matabele people, which led to conflict with the Shona people in the rest of Southern Rhodesia.
During Barack Obama's campaign for president in 2008, throughout his presidency and afterwards, there was extensive news coverage of Obama's religious preference, birthplace, and of the individuals questioning his religious belief and citizenship – efforts eventually known as the "birther movement", or birtherism, names by which it is widely referred to across media. The movement falsely asserted Obama was ineligible to be President of the United States because he was not a natural-born citizen of the United States as required by Article Two of the Constitution. Studies have found these birther conspiracy theories to be most firmly held by Republicans strong in both political knowledge and racial resentment.
Matias de Albuquerque, Count of Alegrete was a Portuguese colonial administrator and soldier. He was nicknamed "Hero of Two Continents" for his performance, beginning in 1624, against the Dutch invaders of colonial Brazil and for his role, beginning in 1641, as a general in Portugal, fighting for king John IV during the Portuguese Restoration War, where he won the battle of Montijo over the Spaniards in 1644. For this victory he was rewarded the title of Count of Alegrete by the king.
Duarte Coelho Pereira was a nobleman, military leader, and colonial administrator in the Portuguese colony of Brazil. He was the first Donatario of the captaincy of Pernambuco and founder of Olinda.
Seebaer van Nieuwelant, son of Willemtgen and Willem Janszoon, was born south of Dirk Hartog Island, in present-day Western Australia. His father, not to be confused with the earlier Dutch explorer of the same name, was a midshipman from Amsterdam. He and his wife were aboard the Leijden, commanded by Claes Hermanszoon, which was charting the coast at the time. Their son's name in Dutch meant "sea-born of new land".
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