Peruvians of European descent

Last updated
European Peruvians
Peruanos europeos
Total population
1,366,931 (2017 census) [1]
5.89% of the Peruvian population
Regions with significant populations
Principally in La Libertad, Cajamarca, Piura, Lima, Lambayeque, Oxapampa and Arequipa .
Languages
Spanish  Other European languages
Religion
Predominantly Christian (Roman Catholic, followed by Protestantism and Orthodox)
minorities Judaism, Atheist and Agnostic

European Peruvians, also known as White Peruvians, are Peruvians who have total or predominantly European ancestry (formerly called Criollos or Castizos in the viceregal era). Traditionally, this group had been more dominant in the political, commercial, and diplomatic sectors of Peruvian society. According to the most recent 2017 census where ethnic self-identification was used, it makes up about 5.9% of the total population aged 12 years and above of Peru. [2]

Contents

History

European immigration to Peru began with the Spanish colonization of the Americas and continued during the Republic of Peru in the 19th century with the immigration of people from other countries of Europe (especially, Spain, Italy, [3] Portugal, [4] [5] France, [6] England and Germany, among others). [7]

Spanish

Spanish settlement of Peru began in the early 1530s (continuing until 1821 as a viceroyalty of Spain) and continues to the present day. Spanish explorer Francisco Pizarro founded the first Spanish settlement in Peru, San Miguel de Piura in July 1532. [8] :27 [9] According to historian Napoleón Cieza Burga, the conquistador Diego de Almagro founded the second Spanish settlement of Trujillo in November 1534 and one of the first cities in the Americas founded by the Spanish conquistadors. [10] :125 calling it "Villa Trujillo de Nueva Castilla" (Trujillo of New Castile) after Trujillo, the birthplace of Francisco Pizarro. [11]

Spanish cultural influence is the most notable of all European cultural groups in Peruvian culture. Spanish heritage has left an indelible mark in the country and signs of this cultural exchange can be found everywhere, from the official language, the dominant Roman Catholic religion, bullfighting, musical genres to the local culinary styles. [12]

Italians

Among Peruvians of European descent, Italians were the second largest group of immigrants to settle in the country. [13] Italian immigration in Peru began in the colonial era, during the Spanish Viceroyalty of Peru. [14] However, the peak of Italian immigrants occurred after Peruvian independence, between 1840 and 1880, with the guano export boom. [15]

British

One cultural influence is Inca Kola, a soft drink that was created in Peru in 1935 by an English immigrant Joseph Robinson Lindley. In 1911, in Rímac, one of Lima's oldest and most traditional neighborhoods, an English family began a small bottling company under their family name, Lindley. In 1928, the company was formally chartered in Peru as Corporación José R. Lindley S.A., whereupon Joseph R. Lindley became its first General Manager. [16] [17] [18] [19] Today it is still a family business with the great-grandson Johnny Lindley Suarez being the current president. [20]

Geographical distribution

The 66th President of Peru Pedro Pablo Kuczynski, of Polish-Jewish and Swiss-French descent, responded blanco (white) for the 2017 census' question on habits and ancestors. PPK siendo censado.jpg
The 66th President of Peru Pedro Pablo Kuczynski, of Polish-Jewish and Swiss-French descent, responded blanco (white) for the 2017 census' question on habits and ancestors.

According to the 2017 census 5.9% or 1.3 million (1,336,931) people 12 years of age and above self-identified as white. [2] There were 619,402 (5.5%) males and 747,528 (6.3%) females. This was the first time a question for ethnic origins had been asked. The regions with the highest proportion of self-identified whites were in La Libertad Region (10.5%), Tumbes Region and Lambayeque Region (9.0% each), Piura Region (8.1%), Callao (7.7%), Cajamarca Region (7.5%), Lima Province (7.2%), Lima Region (6.0%), Ica Region and Ancash Region (5.8% each), and Arequipa Region (4.9%). [2] [22]

Maria Julia Mantilla (Miss World 2004) from La Libertad, a region with the highest proportion who self-identify as white. MajuMantillaHuanchaco.jpg
María Julia Mantilla (Miss World 2004) from La Libertad, a region with the highest proportion who self-identify as white.
Population by region, 2017 [2]
Region Population %
La Libertad Flag(PER).png La Libertad 144,60610.5%
Bandera de Tumbes.svg Tumbes 15,3839.0%
Flag of Lambayeque Department.svg Lambayeque 83,9089.0%
Bandera Region Piura.png Piura 114,6828.1%
Bandera del Callao.png Callao 61,5767.7%
Bandera de Cajamarca.svg Cajamarca 76,9537.5%
Flag of Lima.svg Lima Province507,0397.2%
Bandera Region Lima.png Lima 43,0746.0%
Bandera Region Ica.png Ica 38,1195.8%
Bandera Ancash.png Ancash 49,1755.8%
Bandera de Arequipa.svg Arequipa 55,0934.9%
Amazonas bandera.png Amazonas 12,4704.4%
Flag of Huanuco.svg Huánuco 24,1304.4%
Bandera San Martin.png San Martín 24,5164.0%
Bandera Moquegua Peru.png Moquegua 5,7034.0%
Flag of Pasco Department.svg Pasco 7,4483.8%
Flag of Junin.svg Junín 34,7003.6%
Flag of Madre de Dios Department.svg Madre de Dios 3,4443.3%
Flag of Tacna.svg Tacna 8,6783.2%
Bandera de Ucayali.svg Ucayali 8,2832.3%
Flag of Ayacucho.svg Ayacucho 9,5162.0%
..Huancavelica Flag(PERU).png Huancavelica 5,2222.0%
Bandera Region Loreto.png Loreto 11,8841.9%
Flag of Cusco (2021).svg Cusco 12,4581.3%
Apurimacbandera.jpg Apurímac 3,0341.0%
Primer-lugar-de-la-bandera-regional-Puno1.jpg Puno 5,8370.6%
Flag of Peru.svg Republic of Peru1,336,9315.9%

Origins

The following European ethnic backgrounds form the majority of white Peruvians: Spanish, Italian, German (includes Poles due to the partitions of Poland), French, British, Croatian, and Irish. Peru is also home to some 2,600 Jews, whose ancestors came (mainly) from Germany, Poland, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Ukraine, Moldova and Russia, among others. [23]

See also

Related Research Articles

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