Gaza Solidarity Encampment (Columbia University)

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Gaza Solidarity Encampment
Part of Columbia University pro-Palestinian campus protests and occupations during the Gaza war and student activism at Columbia University
Columbia reinstated Gaza Solidarity Encampment Palestinian flags.jpg
A scene of the second campus encampment, several days after the NYPD arrested students and removed the first encampment
DateApril 17, 2024 (2024-04-17)–April 30, 2024 (2024-04-30)
Location
Columbia University, New York City, New York, United States

40°48′27″N73°57′43″W / 40.80750°N 73.96194°W / 40.80750; -73.96194
Caused by
Goals
Methods
Resulted in
  • proliferation of Palestine solidarity encampments at over 180 universities around the world
  • detention and attempted deportation of Mahmoud Khalil and Mohsen Mahdawi
  • suspensions, expulsions, and degree revocations
  • multiple protesters injured and/or arrested
  • Columbia University maintains that financial ties with Israeli companies
  • resignation of Minouche Shafik
  • sporadic protests continue
Parties

Flag of Palestine.svgPro-Palestinian groups:

Gaza Solidarity Encampment:

Supporting groups:

Columbia coat of arms no crest.png Trustees of Columbia University in the City of New York

Contents

Columbia coat of arms no crest.png Columbia University administration

Supporting groups:

Flag of Israel.svgPro-Israel counterprotesters:

Lead figures
Casualties
Injuries
  • 37 protesters injured [2]
  • 9 protesters hospitalized [2]
Arrested222 protesters arrested [a]

The Gaza Solidarity Encampment, occupying the Butler Lawns of Columbia University in New York City from 17 to 30 April 2024, was a protest encampment in solidarity with the Palestinians of Gaza amid the Gaza genocide. [3] The encampment was a tactical escalation after months of student protest at the university and repression from its administration. The Gaza Solidarity Encampment was associated with Columbia University Apartheid Divest (CUAD), a coalition of over 100 student groups that formed after the administration irregularly suspended the Columbia chapters of Students for Justice in Palestine and Jewish Voice for Peace in the fall of 2023. The Gaza Solidarity Encampment at Columbia was prominent among the Gaza war protests on university campuses and in the US, and it led to the proliferation of Palestine solidarity encampments at over 180 universities around the world. [4]

The Gaza Solidarity Encampment was established with approximately 50 tents on the East Butler Lawn in the early morning of 17 April 2024, the day the university president Minouche Shafik and co-chairs of the university's board of trustees David Greenwald and Claire Shipman were due to testify before the US House Committee on Education and Workforce. When Shafik summoned the New York Police Department's Strategic Response Group to mass arrest the student protestors and dismantle the encampment on April 18, students from the large crowd that had gathered around the lawn immediately occupied the adjacent West Butler Lawn and established another encampment there the next day. The administration then entered into negotiations with protestors, which it ceased on April 29 and which resulted in the suspension of student protesters. In the early hours of April 30, an offshoot of protesters occupied Hamilton Hall, renaming it Hind's Hall in honor of Hind Rajab. After less than 24 hours, the NYPD were summoned a second time. Hundreds of NYPD officers broke into and cleared the hall, arrested more than 100 protesters, and fully dismantled the camp. [5]

The arrests marked the first time Columbia allowed police to suppress campus protests since the 1968 demonstrations against the Vietnam War. [6] In 2025, during the second Trump administration, Palestinian student organizers Mahmoud Khalil and Mohsen Mahdawi were taken and imprisoned by federal agents without having been charged of any crimes.

Background

Stanford University students established the first pro-Palestine university encampment on October 20, 2023. It lasted more than 100 days. [7]

The Gaza Solidarity Encampment was established after months of student protest at the university and repression from its administration, dating back to October 2023.

On April 17, 2024, university president Minouche Shafik and co-chairs of the university's board of trustees David Greenwald and Claire Shipman were due to testify before the US House Committee on Education and Workforce. [8]

Involved parties

The campus occupation was organized by Columbia University Apartheid Divest (CUAD), a student-led coalition of over 120 groups; [9] Students for Justice in Palestine (SJP); and Jewish Voice for Peace (JVP). These groups have participated in New York City's pro-Palestinian demonstrations since the October 2023 start of the Gaza war. [10]

Local group Within Our Lifetime (WOL) organized protests around the campus perimeter in support of the encampment, clashing with the NYPD. [11] [12] [13] Other groups protesting outside campus included Neturei Karta, a Jewish anti-Zionist sect, [14] [15] [16] [17] Uptown for Palestine, [18] and a coalition composed of Palestinian Youth Movement, The People's Forum, ANSWER Coalition, and the Palestinian Assembly for Liberation-Awda. [19] [20] [21]

Groups of pro-Israel counterprotesters were also present outside the university and were generally much smaller, [22] with the exception of an April March 26 outside campus organized by StandWithUs and right-wing Christian Zionists that drew hundreds of people. [23]

Encampments

April 17–18, 2024: students establish first encampment, arrested by NYPD

Student Protests at Columbia, April 2024
April 17 Columbia University Pro-Palestinian encampment (First Encampment).svg
April 17 (First Encampment)
April 19 Columbia University Pro-Palestinian encampment (Second Encampment).svg
April 19 (Second Encampment)
April 29 Columbia University Pro-Palestinian encampment (Hamilton Hall Occupation).svg
April 29 (Hamilton Hall Occupation)

On April 17, beginning around 4 am, [24] about 70 protesters sat in tents bearing the Palestinian flag on the East Butler Lawn. [25] Protesters put up banners reading "Gaza Solidarity Encampment" and "Liberated Zone". [26] A substantial NYPD presence was noted outside the university as soon as the encampment was established. [27] Activity in the encampment included a teach-in and film screening. [26] At about 10 am, Columbia University president Minouche Shafik testified before the House Committee on Education and the Workforce, an event that had been planned weeks before. [28] She had previously been invited to attend the November 2023 United States Congress hearing on antisemitism but had declined, citing a scheduling conflict.

NYPD pictured during their arrest of approximately 100 students who remained inside the original East Lawn encampment. A crowd of protesters and student bystanders surround the lawn. Columbia first Gaza Solidarity Encampment NYPD crackdown.jpg
NYPD pictured during their arrest of approximately 100 students who remained inside the original East Lawn encampment. A crowd of protesters and student bystanders surround the lawn.
NYPD cleaning the original encampment on the East Lawn, shortly after the arrests Columbia first Gaza Solidarity Encampment post NYPD arrests.jpg
NYPD cleaning the original encampment on the East Lawn, shortly after the arrests

The next day, the Shafik-authorized [29] New York City Police Department Strategic Response Group [30] entered the encampment to arrest protesters [31] as Columbia University employees cleared the tents. [32] CUAD (Columbia University Apartheid Divest) said the university had dumped students' confiscated belongings in a nearby alley. [24] Three students were suspended, including Isra Hirsi, the daughter of U.S. Representative Ilhan Omar. [33] After the NYPD appeared, a group of pro-Israel counter-protesters congregated to celebrate the university's response, waving American and Israeli flags. [34] A protest on 114th Street and Amsterdam Avenue formed, but dispersed to allow buses with detained protesters to exit. [35]

Pro-Palestinian student protesters gathered on the opposite West lawn, the evening after the arrests. Columbia reinstated Gaza Solidarity Encampment, evening post-NYPD crackdown.jpg
Pro-Palestinian student protesters gathered on the opposite West lawn, the evening after the arrests.

April 18, 2024: autonomous occupation of adjacent lawn; second encampment

As the NYPD dismantled the first encampment on the East Butler Lawn after its Strategic Response Group had arrested approximately 100 student protesters, other students autonomously occupied the adjacent West Butler Lawn,, [36] where they hoisted their banners and eventually pitched several tents. [37] [26] [38] Public intellectual and independent presidential candidate Cornel West appeared to show solidarity. [39] A group protested outside the university's main entrance on 116th Street. [40] Protesters on 116th Street and Broadway moved toward 120th Street after a man was taken into custody. [41] All of the student protesters the NYPD arrested were released by late evening [42] and informed by the university that they were indefinitely suspended. [43]

A staff member at Barnard resigned citing the administration's mistreatment of students, describing the decision to summon the NYPD on students "insanely racially violent." [44] [45]

Sit-in through the second day after arrests, with the East side of the lawn getting barricaded, to prevent reestablishment of the original encampment Columbia reinstated Gaza Solidarity Encampment, Sotuh Lawn barricades.jpg
Sit-in through the second day after arrests, with the East side of the lawn getting barricaded, to prevent reestablishment of the original encampment

April 19, 2024: Jummah and Shabat in the encampment; evening of Palestinian culture

On April 19, protesters remained camped out on campus; SJP chapters at the University of North Carolina, Boston University, and Ohio State University, as well as the Harvard College Palestine Solidarity Committee at Harvard University, announced rallies in solidarity with the Columbia protesters. [46] Norman Finkelstein, an anti-Zionist political scientist and activist, appeared and gave a speech to protesters. [42] A Muslim jummah prayer service and a Jewish Kabbalat Shabbat prayer service with a banner reading "Shabbat Shalom from the Liberated Zone" [47] were held at the encampment in the afternoon and evening, respectively. [42] In the evening, the encampment hosted Palestinian music, dancing, and poetry, including work by Refaat Alareer, a Palestinian poet killed in a targeted airstrike December 2023, as well as writing from Walid Daqqa, a Palestinian writer who died in Israeli prison earlier that month. [44]

Six students who were wearing keffiyehs to the School of General Studies Gala in support of the 108 students arrested in connection with the "Gaza Solidarity Encampment" said they were harassed and physically assaulted at the event. [48] [49]

During the weekend of April 20–21, public safety officers from the administration told WKCR-FM, which had been broadcasting information about the protest, to vacate its office due to an unspecified danger. Staff refused, saying they had a responsibility to broadcast information 24/7. [50] [51] WKCR later said it was a misunderstanding. [50] Protesters also targeted some Jewish students with "antisemitic vitriol", leaving some Jewish students "fearful for their safety on the campus and its vicinity". [52]

New tents added after the reinstatement of the encampment Columbia reinstated Gaza Solidarity Encampment tents.jpg
New tents added after the reinstatement of the encampment

On April 21, Elie Buechler, a rabbi associated with Columbia University's Orthodox Union Jewish Learning Initiative on Campus, recommended that Jewish students "return home as soon as possible and remain home", arguing that the ongoing campus occupation had "made it clear that Columbia University’s Public Safety and the NYPD cannot guarantee Jewish students’ safety". [53] [54] Footage of protests over the weekend showed some protesters using antisemitic language against Jewish students, and many Jewish students said they felt unsafe. [55]

April 22, 2024: overwhelming majority of Columbia College votes in favor of divestment

A majority of Columbia College students voted in favor of divestment in a referendum sent by the Columbia College Student Council. [56] 76.55% voted in favor of financially divesting from Israel, 68.36% voted to cancel the opening of the Tel Aviv Global Center, and 65.62% voted to end the dual degree program with Tel Aviv University. [56]

April 22, 2024: faculty walkout

The second encampment, which was larger than the initial one, held over 60 tents, with barricades isolating the encampment from pedestrians walking through the university's lawn. Columbia reinstated Gaza Solidarity Encampment, day 5 wide.jpg
The second encampment, which was larger than the initial one, held over 60 tents, with barricades isolating the encampment from pedestrians walking through the university's lawn.

Hundreds of Columbia faculty members walked out of classes to protest the university's response to the protest. [57] Because of the protest, the university canceled classes on April 22, [58] [59] and then said it would switch to blended learning for the remainder of the semester. [60] The Columbia Elections Board announced that a referendum on divestment from Israel, originally proposed by CUAD on March 3, 2024, had passed by a large margin, showing that Columbia's student body mostly supported the initiative. [61] [62] In the evening, the students celebrated a Seder on the first evening of Passover. [63] [64]

April 23, 2024: Barnard suspends and evicts 55 students; Shafik announces midnight deadline; Passover Seder in the encampment; National Guard alarm

Barnard suspended and evicted 55 students for their alleged participation in the Gaza Solidarity Encampment. [65] [66] Students were also were given 15 minutes to gather their belongings from their Barnard residences and denied dining hall access. [65] A professor at Barnard described its disciplinary policy as "draconian" and "breathtaking in its inhumanity." [65]

Signs at the second encampment, including one stating: "Welcome to the People's University for Palestine" Columbia "People's University for Palestine" sign.jpg
Signs at the second encampment, including one stating: "Welcome to the People's University for Palestine"

Jewish students in solidarity with Palestine held Passover Seder within the encampment. [63] [67]

Five days after summoning the NYPD to arrest the first batch of student protesters, Shafik set a midnight deadline for negotiations in a public announcement declaring:

For several days, a small group of faculty, administrators, and University Senators have been in dialogue with student organizers to discuss the basis for dismantling the encampment, dispersing, and following university policies going forward. Those talks are facing a deadline of midnight tonight to reach agreement.I very much hope these discussions are successful. If they are not, we will have to consider alternative options for clearing the West Lawn and restoring calm to campus so that students can complete the term and graduate. [68] [69]

After US Senators urged President Biden to send in the US National Guard, [70] rumors circulated that the midnight deadline was placed on Columbia's administration by Mayor Eric Adams or Governor Kathy Hochul, and that the National Guard would be summoned if it were not met. [71] In the negotiation room, Senior Vice Provost Kachani and Dean Alonso representing the administration, after consulting with "the rest of the senior administration team," could neither confirm nor deny that the National Guard or NYPD would come onto campus by the night of April 24. [71] In a press release the night of April 23, Columbia SJP accused the administration of threatening to call in the National Guard or NYPD and Mahmoud Khalil announced that, "without assurances of good faith bargaining and protections for nonviolent protestors against police and military violence, we will not be returning to the table." [71] [72] [73]

April 24, 2024: negotiation deadline extension

In an email sent to affiliates shortly after 4 am, the administration announced that negotiations would be extended by 48 hours, [74] with CUAD announcing that the administration agreed not to involve the NYPD or the National Guard in campus protests in that time. [75] In a press briefing, University spokesperson Ben Chang stated that the accusation that administrators threatened to bring the National Guard to campus was an “untrue and unsubstantiated claim” while reaffirming that, if the negotiations were not successful, the administration would "have to consider alternative options for clearing the West Lawn." [76] The student protesters agreed to reduce the number of tents in compliance with New York City Fire Department (FDNY) requirements and ensure ensure that protesters not affiliated with Columbia would leave campus. [75] [77] [78] Meanwhile, the NYPD dispersed about 100 protesters outside campus. [78]

In the afternoon of April 24, Speaker of the United States House of Representatives Mike Johnson gave a speech in front of Low Library condemning the protesters and calling for Shafik to resign. Some in attendance loudly booed him. [79] During his speech, Johnson said that during the October 7 attack, "infants were cooked in ovens", [80] an unsubstantiated claim. [81] Later, he called on President Joe Biden to deploy the National Guard to quell the protests; [82] White House Press Secretary Karine Jean-Pierre replied that such deployment is up to the governor of New York, not the president. [83] The next day, Palestine Legal filed a Title VI suit with regard to suspended students. [84] The Columbia Board of Trustees issued statements in affirmation of Shafik. [85] The University Senate held an emergency meeting with Shafik to consider censuring her. [86]

April 25, 2024: United for Israel rally outside Amsterdam gates

On the evening of April 25, at Columbia's Amsterdam Avenue gates, a United for Israel rally held by StandWithUs along with right-wing figures including Sean Feucht, Eric Metaxas, and Russell B. Johnson, attracted hundreds of pro-Israel demonstrators, and multiple incidents of harassment were reported. [87] [88] [89] The rally was promoted as a "unity march of Christians and Jews" and some demonstrators harassed pro-Palestinian counter-protesters and targeted some counter-protesters inside the gates. [87] Around 3 pm the day before, Gavin McInnes, founder of the far-right militant group the Proud Boys, had gained access to campus and was seen approaching students at the encampment with a recording device and unsuccessfully attempting to gain access to the encampment, being turned away by students. [88] [90]

U.S. Representatives Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez and Jamaal Bowman visited the encampment. [91] Columbia library workers issued a statement condemning Shafik for deploying police and private security against the protesters. [92] More than 1,000 pro-Israel protesters organized by the "New York Hostage and Missing Families Forum" rallied at 116th and Broadway. [93] The University Senate announced plans to call for a censure vote against Shafik but decided instead to vote on a resolution expressing displeasure with her out of reluctance to oust the president in a time of crisis. [86]

Khymani James, a Columbia student who participated in the protest movement, was barred from campus after a video from January surfaced in which they said, "Zionists don’t deserve to live". Some protest groups condemned the comment, although one group, Columbia University Apartheid Divest, retracted its condemnation in October 2024 and apologized to James, calling for violence against supporters of Israeli policy. [94] [95] The New York Times said James's comments raised the question, "How much of the movement in support of the Palestinian people in Gaza is tainted by antisemitism?" [96] [97] On April 27, James apologized. [98] The NYPD said that outside agitators were trying to hijack the protests, and that they were ready to raid the campus if needed. [98] The next day, the administration called for the protesters to leave, and said that bringing back the NYPD would be counterproductive. [99]

April 29 – May 2, 2024: "Hind's Hall" occupation of Hamilton Hall, subsequent raid, and arrests

Negotiations between protesters and the university came to a "dead end" on April 29. The administration threatened to suspend students still in the encampment by 2 pm. It also offered a partial amnesty deal. [100] CUAD voted to stay in the encampment after the deadline, and SJP told members not to sign any administration deals. Faculty linked arms around the encampment before the deadline. Despite the threats, students stayed in the encampment and surrounding areas. [101] [102] [103] Suspensions began later that day. [104] Meanwhile, a Jewish student sued the university for failing to provide a safe environment, [102] police set up barricades outside the university, [105] and alumni wrote Shafik a letter asking her to clear the encampment. [106]

In the early morning of April 30, protesters occupied Hamilton Hall, breaking windows, [107] and barricaded themselves inside. Protesters unfurled a banner purporting to rename the building "Hind's Hall" in honor of Hind Rajab, a young Palestinian girl killed by Israeli forces. [108] A campus police officer in the lobby left the building when confronted by the occupiers, while three Columbia janitors, among them Mario Torres, who tried to block the protesters, were briefly stuck inside and left the building after approximately 30 minutes. [109] The campus was locked down and higher police presence was noted near campus; the NYPD and the university said they would not send police in. [106] The administration threatened to expel students who participated in the hall takeover. [110] Activist Lisa Fithian was spotted aiding protesters breaking into Hamilton Hall. [111]

Late in the evening, a heavy riot police presence was seen outside the campus. The administration told students to shelter in place due to "heightened activity". The NYPD prepared to raid the campus after a letter from Shafik gave it permission. [112] Protesters appeared undeterred, continuing chants. [113] At around 9 pm, the NYPD entered campus with administration approval. The administration blamed protesters for escalating by taking Hamilton Hall. [113] According to Shafik's letter to the NYPD Deputy Commissioner of Legal Matters requesting police intervention, someone hid in the building until it closed, then let others in. Columbia believed that while students were among those who entered, their leaders were unaffiliated with the university. [114] Police used flash-bang grenades to breach the building and arrested more than 100 protesters. [112] Officers were seen entering the building with weapons drawn, and a shot was fired inside the building. [115] The district attorney's office said no one was injured and their Police Accountability Unit was reviewing the incident. [115] By the end of the night, Hamilton Hall and the entire campus were cleared, including the encampment. [116]

The Washington Post reported that billionaires and titans of business in a WhatsApp group with Mayor Eric Adams encouraged him to send police to sweep the Columbia protests. [117] The Post reported that a group including Daniel Lubetzky, Daniel S. Loeb, Len Blavatnik, and Joseph Sitt joined a Zoom call with Adams on April 26, a week after he first sent the NYPD onto Columbia's campus to arrest students, and some spoke of making political donations to Adams. [117] Ways members of the WhatsApp group could pressure Columbia's trustees and administration to summon the police on the protesters were also discussed. [117]

According to Manhattan District Attorney Alvin Bragg, 109 people were arrested at Columbia. [118] In the letter to the deputy commissioner, Shafik requested an NYPD presence through at least May 17, [114] two days after the scheduled commencement. On May 2, the NYPD announced that during arrests at Columbia, out of 112 people arrested, 32 were not affiliated with the school. [119] [120] Mayor Eric Adams said there was evidence that two outside agitators and "professionals", Lisa Fithian and the wife of Sami Al-Arian, had given students tactical knowledge and training to escalate the protests. [119]

May 31 – June 2, 2024: "Revolt for Rafah" alumni weekend encampment

On May 31, students regrouped and launched a third encampment. [121] About 100 students participated in the protest, which was said to be a response to the Rafah offensive and a Washington Post article revealing that elites pressured Adams into sending the NYPD in during the second raid. Students said the encampment was only the first of a continued protest presence on the campus, remaining for alumni reunion weekend. [122] [123] By 7 pm, about two dozen students with ten tents had occupied part of the South Lawn during the university's alumni reunion. According to Columbia SJP, the protesters identify as "an autonomous group of Palestinian students". [124] The encampment was dismantled on June 2, once the alumni weekend ended. The NYPD briefly entered the campus to document vandalism that took place. [125]

Negotiations

Negotiations between the student protesters of the Gaza Solidarity Encampment and the administration of Columbia University went on for 10 days, beginning at 10 am in Room 407 of Low Library on April 19, 2024—the morning after NYPD arrested students at the first encampment and autonomously occupied the adjacent lawn—and continuing to April 28. [71]

The offter from Columbia's administration that came closest to addressing the protesters's demand of divestment from companies and institutions that "profit from Israeli apartheid, genocide, and occupation in Palestine" came on April 25, in a meeting in Butler Library. [71] Representing the administration in the meeting were Soulaymane Kachani, senior vice provost of the university, and Carlos J. Alonso, dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, as well as another member of the administration taking notes. [71] The negotiators on behalf of the encampment included Mahmoud Khalil and another student, who would report back to the encampment where there proposals would be voted on. [71] There were also five members of the University Senate present as third-party mediators, including its executive committee chair Jeanine D'Armiento and a senator from the Business School. [71] This April 25 proposal offered an expedited review of divestment proposals by the Columbia's Advisory Committee on Socially Responsible Investing (ACSRI)—which TheColumbia Daily Spectator's magazine The Eye described as "a disempowered proxy body"—but it did not guarantee divestment or even that a divestment proposal would reach the board of trustees for a vote. [71]

According to The Eye, Columbia did not reveal the chain of command outside of the negotiation room and "positioned key administrators to be the public face for negotiations and kept others within University leadership, including the trustees, away from the conversation. As a result, the protesters never came into direct dialogue with those empowered to answer their demands." [71] According to The Eye, Kachanin and Alonso were reporting to and working with Jelani Cobb, dean of the School of Journalism, and Josef Sorett, dean of Columbia College, who had reportedly been appointed by Provost Angela Olinto and who were in communication with the trustees. [71]

Aftermath and legacy

Gaza Solidarity Encampment (Columbia University)
Universities in the United States with Gaza War protests since April 2024. Columbia University is marked in red. Other colleges that had encampments are marked in green, and non-encampment protests are marked in blue.

August 23, 2024: Armstrong announces creation of Office of Institutional Equity (OIE) and position of Rules Administrator

In response to the student protest movement in solidarity with Gaza, and particularly after the Gaza Solidarity Encampment, Columbia's administration reorganized its disciplinary system.

In a message to the Columbia community ahead of the fall 2024 semester, [126] Armstrong announced the Office of Institutional Equity (OIE), a newly created office led by Vice Provost Laura Kirschstein, empowered to punish students and faculty it finds guilty of discrimination. [127] It centralized the reporting of and investigations into cases of discrimination and harassment at Columbia, replacing the Office of Equal Opportunity and Affirmative Action (EOAA) and taking over its responsibilities. [128] The OIE, functioning with non-transparent procedures, is authorized by the university to issue disciplinary notifications, suspensions, and expulsions, and to expel affiliates from university housing or revoke the degrees of graduates. [127]

The message also announced the position of a new Rules Administrator, [126] to which Gregory Wawro, formerly a professor of political science, was appointed. [129]

March 7, 2025: Trump administration cuts $400 million in funding to Columbia

Days after the Federal Task Force to Combat Antisemitism announced it was considering stop-work orders on $51.4 million in federal contracts with the university, the Trump administration announced a $400 million cut in federal funding to Columbia University. [130] [131] Trump had publicly criticized Columbia 25 years earlier when it refused to purchase a property in Midtown from him for $400 million. [132] [133]

March 13, 2025: Expulsions, degree revocations, and suspensions for Gaza Solidarity Encampment and Hind's Hall student protesters

The Columbia University Judicial Board (UJB) issued a statement announcing expulsions, multiple-year suspensions, and degree revocations for students involved in the Gaza Solidarity Encampment and Hind's Hall occupation of Hamiltion Hall, [134] two days after Rules Administrator Gregory Wawro announced that hearings had been completed. [135] Although these announcements came after the Trump administration demanded this exact kind of punishment, [136] Wawro expressed confidence that the community would "accept the legitimacy of the outcomes, whatever they may be, since we followed our longstanding practices and policies under the Rules." [134]

Most of the cases had been transferred from the Center for Student Success and Intervention (CSSI)—a body established in 2022 providing fewer protections for students and from which the university outsources the disciplinary process to Debevoise & Plimpton, a private law firm [137] —to the UJB, a body established after the 1968 protests and under the University Senate's purview. [134]

Columbia punished 22 students, all of whom were cleared of any criminal charges, with expulsions, multiple-year suspensions, or degree revocations. [138] Among those Columbia expelled was Grant Miner, a PhD student and president of the Student Workers of Columbia—UAW 2710 union, which was due to begin its contract bargaining with Columbia the following day. [138] [139]

May 22, 2025: Trump administration accuses Columbia of violating Jewish students' rights

The Department of Health and Human Services accused Columbia of violating Jewish students' rights as proscribed by Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. [140] [141]

June 4, 2025: Department of Education says Columbia does not meet accreditation standards

The US Department of Education said Columbia failed to meet accreditation standards due to what it described as a failure to protect Jewish students on campus, a violation of federal anti-discrimination laws. [142] [143]

July 15, 2025: Shipman announces Columbia will adopt IHRA definition and partner with the ADL

Amid negotiations with the Trump administration over $400 million of federal funding it withdrew from Columbia, acting president Claire Shipman announced that Columbia would adopt the IHRA definition of antisemitism and partner with the Anti-Defamation League (ADL). [144] In the negotiations, Trump's team was led by Stephen Miller and Columbia was represented by Jay Lefkowitz and Matt Owen of the law firm Kirkland & Ellis. [145] [146] [147] [148] Professor Rashid Khalidi cited Columbia's adoption of the IHRA definition as the reason he cancelled his fall lecture course History of the Modern Middle East. [149] [150]

July 23, 2025: Columbia settles with Trump administration and agrees to pay $220 million

The day after issuing 70 expulsions, suspensions, and degree revocations to students for the "Basel Al-Araj Popular University" occupation of Butler Library, Columbia finalized negotiations with the Trump administration and agreed to pay the federal government a $220 million settlement. [151] As part of the deal, Columbia agreed to provide the federal government with the private information of applicants to the university—those admitted as well as those not admitted—including their race, GPA, and standardized test scores. [151]

As part of the settlement with the Trump administration, Columbia established a claims fund worth $21 million for Jewish employees reporting that they experienced antisemitism at the university. [152] The fund is a settlement of the Title VII investigation of the university from the federal government's Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), which will also decide Jewish employees' eligibility for compensation and how much money each will receive. [152] The EEOC started investigating Columbia for antisemitism when its chair, Andrea R. Lucas, filed a formal discrimination complaint against Columbia in June 2024. [152] Some faculty members, including James Schamus, [153] criticized the fund and questioned whether Jewish professors would be given compensation if they supported the Gaza Solidarity Encampment. [152]

The actions taken against the demonstrators by the NYPD in riot armor while clearing Hamilton Hall inspired Macklemore's song "Hinds Hall", [154] whose lyrics call the police "actors in badges". [155] In June, the criminal charges against most of the participants in the occupation of Hamilton Hall were dropped. [156] Before and after the encampment, Jewish students sued the university, alleging civil rights and university policy violations due to harassment and abuse of Jewish students. One lawsuit was settled. Pro-Palestinian students also sued the university, claiming civil rights and university policy violations in connection with the university's actions against the protesters. [157] [158] [159]

The Gaza Solidarity Encampment at Columbia University was featured in the 2025 documentary film The Encampments . [160]

Notes

  1. ↑ 113 during first raid, 109 during second raid

References

  1. ↑ M., Dasha; Qashou, Luma; Behrangi, Parviz; Reynolds, Caroline; Haddad, Amal (2024-07-02). "Palestine is the Vanguard for Our Liberation: Insights from the Students' Intifada at Columbia University" . Middle East Critique. 33 (3): 487–516. doi:10.1080/19436149.2024.2383827. ISSN   1943-6149.
  2. 1 2 Allen, Jonathan (May 17, 2024). "New York City said 'no injuries' at Columbia arrests; students' medical records say otherwise". Reuters. Retrieved May 18, 2024.
  3. ↑ M., Dasha; Qashou, Luma; Behrangi, Parviz; Reynolds, Caroline; Haddad, Amal (2024-07-02). "Palestine is the Vanguard for Our Liberation: Insights from the Students' Intifada at Columbia University" . Middle East Critique. 33 (3): 487–516. doi:10.1080/19436149.2024.2383827. ISSN   1943-6149.
  4. ↑ Elhalaby, Esmat; Wind, Maya (December 10, 2024). "Palestinian Liberation and Zionist Ideology at the Western University" . South Atlantic Quarterly. 124 (2): 399–411. doi:10.1215/00382876-11623532. ISSN   0038-2876.
  5. ↑ Song, T. M. (May 3, 2024). "Columbia's Violence Against Protesters Has a Long History". ISSN   0027-8378 . Retrieved March 25, 2025.
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  146. ↑ Otterman, Sharon; Bender, Michael C. (July 12, 2025). "Columbia and Trump Near a Deal, With School Possibly Paying Millions". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved July 21, 2025.
  147. ↑ Whyte, Douglas Belkin and Liz Essley. "Exclusive | Columbia Has Discussed $200 Million Payment in Civil-Rights Settlement With Trump Administration". WSJ. Retrieved July 21, 2025.
  148. ↑ Davis, Spencer. "Columbia has not finalized deal with Trump administration to restore federal funding, University official says". Columbia Daily Spectator. Retrieved July 22, 2025.
  149. ↑ Davis, Spencer. "Rashid Khalidi on why he left Columbia". Columbia Daily Spectator. Retrieved 2025-09-23.
  150. ↑ Khalidi, Rashid (2025-08-01). "I spent decades at Columbia. I'm withdrawing my fall course due to its deal with Trump". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 2025-09-23.
  151. 1 2 Davis, Spencer. "Columbia will pay $220 million in deal with Trump administration to resume federal funding". Columbia Daily Spectator. Retrieved July 24, 2025.
  152. 1 2 3 4 Davis, Spencer. "Columbia will pay Jewish employees who experienced antisemitism $21 million as part of its government settlement. Here's how it works, according to the EEOC's acting chair". Columbia Daily Spectator. Retrieved 2025-09-09.
  153. ↑ Schamus, James (2025-07-28). ""Where is my antisemitism money?": A Columbia professor's letter to the university president". Literary Hub. Retrieved 2025-09-09.
  154. ↑ Blistein, Jon (May 7, 2024). "Macklemore Drops 'Hind's Hall' in Support of Pro-Palestine Protesters, Gaza Ceasefire". Rolling Stone. Retrieved September 13, 2024.
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  156. ↑ Houlis, Katie (June 20, 2024). "Charges dropped against most of Columbia University's Hamilton Hall protesters - CBS New York". www.cbsnews.com. Retrieved October 6, 2024.
  157. ↑ Massel, Rebecca. "Title VI lawsuit against Columbia, Barnard amended to add 32 more Jewish students". Columbia Daily Spectator. Retrieved March 23, 2025.
  158. ↑ Venkat, Surina. "Columbia reaches settlement in class action suit alleging hostile environment for Jewish students, establishes additional security measures". Columbia Daily Spectator. Retrieved March 23, 2025.
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