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Continent | South America |
---|---|
Region | Caribbean |
Coordinates | 4°00′N56°00′W / 4.000°N 56.000°W |
Area | Ranked 90th |
• Total | 163,820 km2 (63,250 sq mi) |
• Land | 95.33% |
• Water | 4.67% |
Coastline | 386 km (240 mi) |
Borders | total length 1,707 km (1,061 mi) |
Highest point | Juliana Top 1,230 meters (4,040 ft) |
Lowest point | Caribbean Sea 0 metres (0 ft) |
Longest river | Courantyne River 724 km (450 mi) |
Largest lake | Brokopondo Reservoir 1,560 km (970 mi) |
Exclusive economic zone | 127,772 km2 (49,333 sq mi) |
Suriname is located in the northern part of South America and is part of Caribbean South America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between French Guiana and Guyana. It is mostly covered by tropical rainforest, containing a great diversity of flora and fauna that, for the most part, are increasingly threatened by new development. There is a relatively small population, most of which live along the coast.
There are currently two unresolved border disputes that affect the geography of Suriname, namely the Tigri Area in the southwestern region near Guyana and also the Marouini/Litani region with French Guiana in the southeast.
Geographic coordinates: 4°00′N56°00′W / 4.000°N 56.000°W
Continent: South America
Total:163,820 square kilometers (63,250 sq mi)
Land:156,000 square kilometers (60,000 sq mi)
Water:7,820 square kilometers (3,020 sq mi)
Area - comparative: See order of magnitude 1 E+11 m². Slightly larger than Tunisia.
Total:1,703 kilometers (1,058 mi)
Border countries:
Coastline:386 kilometers (240 mi)
Exclusive economic zone:127,772 km2 (49,333 sq mi) and 200 nmi (370.4 km; 230.2 mi)
Territorial sea:12 nmi (22.2 km; 13.8 mi)
Suriname has a tropical rainforest climate and a tropical monsoon climate, with hot humid conditions year-round. [1]
Climate change in both Suriname and the wider world is leading to hotter temperatures and more extreme weather. As a fairly poor country, its contributions to global climate change have been limited. Suriname has a large forest cover, the country has been running a carbon negative economy since 2014. [2] Hotter temperatures [3] and changes in precipitation trends [4] are predicted because of climate change.
Climate data for Paramaribo | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 33 (91) | 34 (93) | 35 (95) | 37 (99) | 37 (99) | 36 (97) | 37 (99) | 37 (99) | 36 (97) | 37 (99) | 36 (97) | 36 (97) | 37 (99) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 30 (86) | 30 (86) | 30 (86) | 31 (88) | 30 (86) | 31 (88) | 31 (88) | 32 (90) | 33 (91) | 33 (91) | 32 (90) | 30 (86) | 31 (88) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 26 (79) | 26 (79) | 26 (79) | 27 (81) | 27 (81) | 27 (81) | 27 (81) | 27 (81) | 28 (82) | 28 (82) | 27 (81) | 26 (79) | 27 (81) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 22 (72) | 22 (72) | 22 (72) | 22 (72) | 23 (73) | 22 (72) | 22 (72) | 23 (73) | 23 (73) | 23 (73) | 23 (73) | 22 (72) | 22 (72) |
Record low °C (°F) | 17 (63) | 17 (63) | 17 (63) | 18 (64) | 19 (66) | 20 (68) | 20 (68) | 15 (59) | 21 (70) | 20 (68) | 21 (70) | 18 (64) | 15 (59) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 200 (7.9) | 140 (5.5) | 150 (5.9) | 210 (8.3) | 290 (11.4) | 290 (11.4) | 230 (9.1) | 170 (6.7) | 90 (3.5) | 90 (3.5) | 120 (4.7) | 180 (7.1) | 2,160 (85) |
Source: Weatherbase [5] |
Climate data for Nieuw Nickerie | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 32.5 (90.5) | 32.4 (90.3) | 32.5 (90.5) | 33.2 (91.8) | 34.8 (94.6) | 34.0 (93.2) | 34.5 (94.1) | 35.6 (96.1) | 35.4 (95.7) | 36.3 (97.3) | 34.9 (94.8) | 33.8 (92.8) | 36.3 (97.3) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 28.9 (84.0) | 29.0 (84.2) | 29.2 (84.6) | 29.5 (85.1) | 29.8 (85.6) | 29.8 (85.6) | 30.3 (86.5) | 31.1 (88.0) | 31.7 (89.1) | 31.7 (89.1) | 30.9 (87.6) | 29.8 (85.6) | 30.1 (86.2) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 26.5 (79.7) | 26.6 (79.9) | 26.9 (80.4) | 27.2 (81.0) | 27.2 (81.0) | 27.1 (80.8) | 27.2 (81.0) | 27.8 (82.0) | 28.3 (82.9) | 28.2 (82.8) | 27.8 (82.0) | 27.0 (80.6) | 27.3 (81.1) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 23.5 (74.3) | 23.7 (74.7) | 24.0 (75.2) | 24.2 (75.6) | 24.2 (75.6) | 23.9 (75.0) | 23.7 (74.7) | 24.0 (75.2) | 24.2 (75.6) | 24.0 (75.2) | 23.9 (75.0) | 23.7 (74.7) | 24.0 (75.2) |
Record low °C (°F) | 18.3 (64.9) | 18.2 (64.8) | 19.1 (66.4) | 19.9 (67.8) | 20.7 (69.3) | 20.6 (69.1) | 20.9 (69.6) | 19.9 (67.8) | 20.9 (69.6) | 20.3 (68.5) | 20.0 (68.0) | 20.1 (68.2) | 18.2 (64.8) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 191 (7.5) | 114 (4.5) | 111 (4.4) | 191 (7.5) | 246 (9.7) | 316 (12.4) | 266 (10.5) | 168 (6.6) | 61 (2.4) | 61 (2.4) | 79 (3.1) | 176 (6.9) | 1,980 (77.9) |
Average relative humidity (%) | 82 | 81 | 80 | 80 | 82 | 83 | 82 | 80 | 78 | 78 | 79 | 82 | 81 |
Source: Deutscher Wetterdienst [6] |
Most of the country is made up of rolling hills, but there is a narrow coastal plain that has swampy terrain.
A recent global remote sensing analysis suggested that there were 781 km² of tidal flats in Suriname, making it the 34th ranked country in terms of tidal flat area. [7]
Elevation extremes
Lowest point: Unnamed location in the coastal plain - 2 meters (6.6 ft) below Sea Level.
Highest point: Juliana Top - 1,230 meters (4,040 ft)
Timber, hydropower, fish, forests, hydroelectric potential, kaolin, shrimp, bauxite and gold. Small amounts of nickel, copper, platinum and iron ore. It also has sizeable oil.
The country has one large reservoir, the Brokopondo Reservoir. Several rivers run through it, including the Suriname River, Nickerie River and Maroni or Marowijne River.
(2018 Estimates)
Arable land: 0.4%
Permanent crops: 0.0%
permanent pasture: 0.1%
forest: 94.6%
Other: 4.9%
510 square kilometers (200 sq mi) (2003)
Tropical Showers, no hurricanes.[ citation needed ]
Deforestation is a real problem as timber is cut for export. There is also a lot of pollution of inland waterways by small-scale mining activities.
Climate change in Suriname is leading to warmer temperatures and more extreme weather events in Suriname. As a relatively poor country, its contributions to global climate change have been limited. Because of the large forest cover, the country has been running a carbon negative economy since 2014. [11]
Suriname was the second country to update its Nationally Determined Contributions in 2020. [12]Suriname has agreed to the following agreements: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping--London Convention, Marine Dumping--London Protocol, Ozone Layer Protection, Paris Accords Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling [13]
The country of Brazil occupies roughly half of South America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean. Brazil covers a total area of 8,514,215 km2 (3,287,357 sq mi) which includes 8,456,510 km2 (3,265,080 sq mi) of land and 55,455 km2 (21,411 sq mi) of water. The highest point in Brazil is Pico da Neblina at 2,994 m (9,823 ft). Brazil is bordered by the countries of Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela, and French Guiana.
Ecuador is a country in western South America, bordering the Pacific Ocean at the Equator, for which the country is named. Ecuador encompasses a wide range of natural formations and climates, from the desert-like southern coast to the snowcapped peaks of the Andes mountain range to the plains of the Amazon Basin. Cotopaxi in Ecuador is one of the world's highest active volcanos. It also has a large series of rivers that follow the southern border and spill into the northwest area of Peru.
French Guiana is an overseas region of France, located on the northern coast of South America between Suriname and Brazil. The country is part of Caribbean South America and borders the North Atlantic Ocean. It has low-lying plains with small mountains to the south. Its climate is split between tropical rainforest and tropical monsoon. French Guiana is mostly unsettled and has low land use.
The Geography of Kenya is diverse, varying amongst its 47 counties. Kenya has a coastline on the Indian Ocean, which contains swamps of East African mangroves. Inland are broad plains and numerous hills. Kenya borders South Sudan to the northwest, Uganda to the west, Somalia to the east, Tanzania to the south, and Ethiopia to the north. Kenya currently faces border disputes with South Sudan over the Ilemi Triangle and with Somalia over Jubbaland where, if the Somalian Government gives it up, it could be a new part of Kenya, which would bring the total land area of Kenya to approximately 692,939 km2.
The geography of Papua New Guinea describes the eastern half of the island of New Guinea, the islands of New Ireland, New Britain and Bougainville, and smaller nearby islands. Together these make up the nation of Papua New Guinea in tropical Oceania, located in the western edge of the Pacific Ocean.
The Republic of Suriname has a number of forms of transport. Transportation emissions are an increasing part of Suriname's contributions to climate change, as part of the Nationally Determined Contributions for the Paris Agreement, Suriname has committed to emissions controls for vehicles and increased public transit investment.
Ukraine is the second-largest European country, after Russia. Its various regions have diverse geographic features ranging from highlands to lowlands, as well as climatic range and a wide variety in hydrography. Most of the country lies within the East European Plain.
Vietnam is located on the eastern margin of the Indochinese peninsula and occupies about 331,211.6 square kilometres (127,881.5 sq mi), of which about 25% was under cultivation in 1987. It borders the Gulf of Tonkin, Gulf of Thailand, and Pacific Ocean, along with China, Laos, and Cambodia. The elongated roughly S shaped country has a north-to-south distance of 1,650 km (1,030 mi) and is about 50 km (31 mi) wide at the narrowest point. With a coastline of 3,260 km (2,030 mi), excluding islands, Vietnam claims 12 nautical miles as the limit of its territorial waters, an additional 12 nautical miles as a contiguous customs and security zone. It has an exclusive economic zone of 417,663 km2 (161,261 sq mi) with 200 nautical miles.
The Geography of Guyana comprises the physical characteristics of the country in Northern South America and part of Caribbean South America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Suriname and Venezuela, with a land area of approximately 214,969 square km. The country is situated between 1 and 9 north latitude and between 56 and 62 west longitude. With a 459 km (285 mi)-long Atlantic coastline on the northeast, Guyana is bounded by Venezuela on the west, Brazil on the west and south, and Suriname on the east.
Nickerie is a district of Suriname, on the north-west coast. Nickerie's capital city is Nieuw-Nickerie. Another town is Wageningen. The district borders the Atlantic Ocean to the north, the Surinamese district of Coronie to the east, the Surinamese district of Sipaliwini to the south and the region of East Berbice-Corentyne in Guyana to the west.
Sipaliwini is the largest district of Suriname, located in the south. Sipaliwini is the only district that does not have a regional capital, as it is directly administered by the national government in Paramaribo. Sipaliwini District includes disputed areas, with the southwestern region controlled and administered by Guyana, whereas the southeastern region is controlled by French Guiana.
The Courantyne River, also known as Corentyne and Corantijn, is a river in northern South America in Suriname and Guyana. It is the longest river in the country and creates the border between Suriname and the East Berbice-Corentyne region of Guyana.
The Initiative for the Integration of the Regional Infrastructure of South America (IIRSA) is a development plan to link South America's economies through new transportation, energy, and telecommunications projects.
Kabalebo is a resort in Suriname, located in the Sipaliwini District. Its population at the 2012 census was 2,291.
The Tigri Area or New River Triangle is a forested area in the East Berbice-Corentyne region of Guyana that has been disputed by Suriname since the 19th century. In Suriname, it is seen as an integral part of the Coeroeni Resort located in the Sipaliwini District.
The Guianan savanna (NT0707) is an ecoregion in the south of Venezuela, Guyana and Suriname and the north of Brazil. It is in the Amazon biome. The savanna covers an area of rolling upland plains on the Guiana Shield between the Amazon and Orinoco basins. It includes forested areas, but these are shrinking steadily due to the effect of frequent fires, either accidental or deliberate. The ecoregion includes the Gran Sabana region of Venezuela.
Kumakahpan is a Wayana village in the Sipaliwini District of Suriname. The village lies on the banks of the Lawa River, which forms the border with French Guiana.
Climate change in Suriname is leading to warmer temperatures and more extreme weather events in Suriname. As a relatively poor country, its contributions to global climate change have been limited. Because of the large forest cover, the country has been running a carbon negative economy since 2014.
Due to its geographical and natural diversity, Indonesia is one of the countries most susceptible to the impacts of climate change. This is supported by the fact that Jakarta has been listed as the world's most vulnerable city, regarding climate change. It is also a major contributor as of the countries that has contributed most to greenhouse gas emissions due to its high rate of deforestation and reliance on coal power.
Medium-range estimates of Arctic carbon emissions could result from moderate climate emission mitigation policies that keep global warming below 3°C (e.g., RCP4.5). This global warming level most closely matches country emissions reduction pledges made for the Paris Climate Agreement...
"The IPCC doesn't make projections about which of these scenarios is more likely, but other researchers and modellers can. The Australian Academy of Science, for instance, released a report last year stating that our current emissions trajectory had us headed for a 3°C warmer world, roughly in line with the middle scenario. Climate Action Tracker predicts 2.5 to 2.9°C of warming based on current policies and action, with pledges and government agreements taking this to 2.1°C.